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Trinity Boldin Monastery (Trinity-Boldin Monastery, Holy Trinity Gerasimo-Boldinsky Monastery) - male Orthodox monastery Smolensk diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, located in the village of Boldino, Smolensk region, 15 kilometers from the city of Dorogobuzh.

Story

medieval period

Fresco "Cathedral of Saints" in the Vvedenskaya Church (XIX century); founder of the monastery Gerasim Boldinsky - second from left

The monastery was founded in 1530 by the Monk Gerasim of Boldin. In the 16th century, the monastery repeatedly received gifts: land from the tsar, large contributions from boyars and wealthy people; The monastery was also engaged in its own trading and fishing activities. By the end of the 16th century, the monastery owned more than 80 villages and villages in the Dorogobuzh district, about 20 monastic villages in other districts, mills, hunting and field lands, stockyards, and fishing grounds. Monastic farmsteads and trading shops existed in Dorogobuzh, Vyazma, Smolensk, Moscow. The monastery owned mills, hunting and field grounds, cattle yards, and fishing grounds.

Stone construction in the monastery began in the 1590s. Then the five-domed Trinity Cathedral was built (it was blown up, now almost restored), the bell tower (preserved), the refectory chamber with the Church of the Entry into the Temple of the Virgin (preserved) and the walls (rebuilt). According to the hypothesis of P. D. Baranovsky, the sovereign architect Fyodor Kon took part in the construction.

From 1617 to 1654, the Dorogobuzh region was part of the Commonwealth state. The monastery was deserted; later its buildings were transferred to the Smolensk Jesuit Collegium. The monastery was revived in 1654, when the Smolensk lands again became part of the Russian kingdom. The monastery was unable to retain its former wealth: by the end of the 17th century, it owned about 20 villages.

XVIII - early XX century

Bell tower of the Trinity-Boldina monastery

Vvedenskaya Church with a monastery refectory

At the beginning of the 18th century, Saint John (Maximovich) opened a printing house in the monastery. It published liturgical books, textbooks, writings of spiritual and moral content, including the works of John himself, translations from Latin.

In 1764, according to the manifesto signed by Catherine II (1764), all the lands were taken away from the monastery. The philanthropist Prince Andrey Dolgorukov provided great assistance to the monastery.

In the 1870s and 1880s, the monastery flourished again. Hieromonk (later Archimandrite) Andrei (Vasiliev) was appointed rector. During his 24-year management of the monastery, all the existing buildings and temples of the monastery were repaired and rebuilt, new Holy Gates were built, a chapel on the site of the cell of St. Gerasim Boldinsky, wooden cells, outbuildings, a hotel for pilgrims, the abbot's house, a prosphora mill, a mill on the lake, a garden (700 roots) was planted. He, on the basis of two ancient texts, wrote and published a new "Life of St. Gerasim".

In 1919-1927, restoration work was carried out in the monastery under the leadership of P. D. Baranovsky. In the former monastery buildings, a historical and art museum was organized, the exposition of which, among other exhibits, included fragments of tiled stoves of the 17th-18th centuries, a wooden sculpture collected by M.I. Pogodin. A wooden temple from the village of Usvyatye was transported to the territory of the monastery.

The abolition and revival of the monastery

In November 1929 the monastery was officially closed. A granary was located in the Trinity Cathedral, a collective farm cheese factory was located in the Vvedensky Church, and a separator for milk processing was located in the chapel.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Boldin Monastery was the base of partisan detachments; repair shops were located in the buildings of the former monastery. In March 1943, during the retreat, the Germans mined and blew up ancient buildings - the Trinity Cathedral, the Vvedensky Church and the bell tower.

In 1964, the restoration of the monastery began according to the surviving measurements and photographs under the direction of P. D. Baranovsky. They continue to this day (the leader is A. M. Ponomarev, a student of Baranovsky).

In 1991, the Boldin Monastery was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church.

At present, a stone wall with four towers, a bell tower, a refectory chamber with the Vvedensky Church have been restored. Among other buildings - the wooden house of the hegumen, the gatehouse at the Holy Gates, the stone cell building, the stone treasury building on the basement, the wooden chapel at the monastery cemetery. The stone chapel was rebuilt into a temple in the name of St. Tikhon of Kaluga. Trinity Cathedral was consecrated by Patriarch Kirill in June 2010.

The monastery necropolis was restored. Among the surviving graves is the grave of the Vistitsky family, with a metal fence and two granite columns: Stefan Vistitsky and his sons - Mikhail Stepanovich (major general, in 1812 he was appointed quartermaster general of the Russian army), Semyon Stepanovich (major general, in 1813 year, who headed the Smolensk militia after General N. P. Lebedev; author of one of the first textbooks on tactics), Vasily Stepanovich (brigadier), Andrei Stepanovich (major general) and Dmitry Stepanovich (colonel).

The monastery has a courtyard (wooden temple) in Dorogobuzh; patronizes the discovery of Dmitrovsky convent in Dorogobuzh.

The current abbot of the monastery is Archimandrite Anthony (Mezentsov).

Panorama of the Boldin Monastery

Going to the Boldin Monastery, we only knew that it was somewhere “near Dorogobuzh”. The trip to the Smolensk region turned out to be so spontaneous that there was even no time to grab any kind of literature from home. So we drove at random, hoping to ask the Dorogobuzh residents for directions to the monastery, and thinking that the monastery should be located not far from the city. True, if we initially knew how much to cut before it, and most importantly - what quality the road is, then we probably would not have poked ourselves.
But when, having traveled thirty kilometers to Dorogobuzh from the Minsk highway, we found out that there was still half as much to the monastery, it was a shame to turn back. The road to Dorogobuzh was not sugar anyway - it was patched up, full of bins and potholes, but at least it was asphalt. When we turned onto the fifteen-kilometer finish curve to Boldino, the asphalt simply disappeared. I had to drive over continuous bumps covered with mud. Some of them were lightly sprinkled with gravel, but it contributed little to the smoothness of the ride.
As I understand it, it was almost the same old Smolensk road along which Napoleon walked
Fortunately, at least a few kilometers of our thorny path turned out to be paved. Due to this, we did not drive at a speed of 30 km / h all the time, and the road from Dorogobuzh to the monastery took a little less than half an hour. (Back, however, we traveled longer, but for a different reason, which will be discussed in its place)

Well, at least the first half of the way from Dorogobuzh to the monastery was brightened up (for me personally) by a colorful industrial landscape with a cheerfully smoking chemical fertilizer plant

Attention! Do not show these shots to your familiar spies!
Only people of good will!

other industrial facilities along the road

But here we have the longed-for pointer to Boldino

soon opened the view of the monastery itself

While you admire it from the road, I will briefly tell you what I know.
The Trinity Boldinsky Monastery was founded in 1530 by the Monk Gerasim of Boldinsky, a monk of the Pereslavl Goritsky Monastery.

In the 1580-90s, the Trinity Cathedral, the refectory with the Church of the Presentation and the bell tower were built in the monastery.

In the 1770s, it was surrounded by a brick fence.

At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, a brick chapel was erected on the site of the cell of the reverend founder of the monastery, and new Holy Gates were built.

The monastery shared all the hardships with the Smolensk land, and over three centuries it survived three great invasions on Russian land.
Under the Poles, from 1611 to 1656 it was occupied by the Jesuits. (although it is absolutely impossible to imagine Catholic monks within these walls)
Napoleonic troops set up a prison here for Russian soldiers, and the cathedral was turned into a stable (thereby anticipating the way the Bolsheviks acted for more than a hundred years).
During the Great Patriotic War, at first the headquarters of the Soviet troops and workshops were located in the monastery.
Whether the Germans found any use for its buildings during the occupation, I do not know, but during the retreat they blew up the cathedral, the refectory, and the bell tower.

Fortunately, in the 1920s, the construction of the monastery was investigated by the famous restorer P.D. Baranovsky.
Under his leadership, after the war, the main buildings were restored - however, except for the cathedral.

Having learned about the difficult fate of the Boldin Monastery, we will now examine it in more detail.

We pass through the gate

The bell tower remained the main attraction after the lost cathedral.
It is unique in that it is a six-sided pillar.
Previously, a clock was installed in the northeastern face.

The monastery met us with a magnificent ringing

Refectory with the Church of the Ascension.
The paintings inside are all brand new. In the church - the relics of Gerasim Boldinsky

Several ancient tombstones have been preserved near the former cathedral.

Modern wooden chapel.
In the background on the right is a chapel above the cell of St. Gerasim

next to the chapel there are several tomb crosses over the graves of nuns and elderly women.
The year of death is 2005, the date on the crosses is the same. Maybe they died in some kind of accident?

Originally folded woodpile next to one of the modern monastery buildings

and in the center of the monastery the lost Trinity Cathedral is being recreated

OK it's all over Now.

It remains only to tell that when we drove away from the monastery, it turned out that the rear left wheel was punctured and completely flat. Having stopped, they naturally began to change it, but the jack turned out to be too small and fell off all the time. Katya went back to the monastery, hoping to get hold of a more serious instrument, and brought a powerful jack borrowed by the “mechanic father”, wrapped for some reason in the sleeve of some kind of fur coat. From afar, Andrey and I thought she was carrying a cat in her arms.
True, the monastic unit was not needed - by that time we God help managed to jack up the car, and have already changed the wheel on their own.
Having returned its property to the monastery with gratitude, we drank hot tea from a thermos to relieve stress, and drove back towards the M1 highway. Compared to the prospect of losing a wheel, little things like bumps on the road no longer seemed like a serious problem.

PS. Just in case, I’ll write that Boldino, in which our great poet worked so fruitfully one autumn, has nothing to do with this village, and is generally located in the Nizhny Novgorod region

In fact, we were going to the city of Vyazma, which is located about two hundred kilometers from Moscow. Reading about the city before the trip, we were interested in the description of the 16th century monastery in the village of Boldino. On the Internet, we found a lot of reviews about this monastery and decided to go there, especially since it is located only 50 km from Vyazma along the old Smolensk road.
As always, we laid the route along country roads.

These are the beauties we passed along the way.

If we took pictures of every beautiful place, we wouldn't be back yet.

As I said, traveling around the Moscow and Tver regions, we saw a lot of operating farms. There were even more of them in the Smolensk region. Agriculture not only exists, but also develops. On the way we met several modern complexes under construction.

The road on the first section of the path was quite decent. There were almost no cars.

The estate of the Galitsin-Muromtsevs in the village of Prechistoye.


Inside, there are paintings on the walls. We discovered the estate quite by accident on the way to Vyazma. We did not have time to inspect the ruins and we limited ourselves to a couple of pictures.

At some point, it seemed to us that we had reached a dead end. But it turned out that we just did not immediately notice the bypass road around the Vazuzsky hydroelectric complex.


The hydraulic system includes 3 reservoirs - Vazuzskoye, Yauzskoye and Verkhne-Ruzskoye. This is the most remote reservoir in the supply system of Moscow. It began to be built in 1957 and completed in 1970. The hydroelectric complex is managed in the village of Karmanovo. There are plans to build a 10 MW hydroelectric power station on the basis of this reservoir.
It is impossible to inspect the dam closer. all approaches are fenced with barbed wire.

It was very unexpected to meet such a monument in the village of Karmanovo.


The village is small. It doesn't look like they built planes anywhere near here. During the war, fierce battles took place here, but we definitely did not have such aircraft at that time. We managed to find out the history of this monument only upon returning from a trip. It turned out that the monument was built by the head of the camp of prisoners who built the reservoir, in memory of his dead son, a pilot.

In Karmanovo, there is also a memorial at the burial site of 8500 Soviet soldiers involved in the liberation of the region. Ashes from the mass graves of other regions of the Smolensk region were also transferred here.


In the area of ​​the hydroelectric complex, a decent road turned into a dirt road with many holes. But we didn't know what was ahead of us.

Due to the long bad section of the road, the journey to Vyazma took us almost 4 hours instead of the planned 2.5 hours. We decided to immediately go to the monastery, and only then return and explore the city.

Having passed through Vyazma, we continued our journey along the Old Smolensk road. It was along this road that the convoy of the French army departed in 1812.


After reading the information on the pole, we decided to stop by Semlinsky Lake. According to legend, it was in this lake that Napoleon flooded the convoy with valuables stolen in Moscow. The treasure hunt began in 1836. However, the treasure has not yet been found. Or found, but no one knows about it.

Scientists explored the lake in the 1960s. A high content of zinc, copper and silver was found in the water, which suggests that, perhaps, the treasure is really located at the bottom of the lake.


The lake is off the road. Approximately five hundred meters. The road to the lake is dirt, but good enough.

There is a path through the forest to the lake.

The water in the lake is dark brown, which is typical for peat lakes.


The place is very beautiful. I could not even believe that such beauty is located very close to the city and not so far from Moscow.

Having driven a little further, we understood why the French drowned the convoy in the lake. The asphalt ended and the road began like this. All this, by the way, is the Staro-Smolensk highway.

I would not recommend driving here by car. And after the rain, I think it will be difficult even on an SUV to drive along this road.

In some sections, our speed was no more than 10 km / h.

The soil in these places is sandy and therefore the wheels almost do not get stuck on a wet road.

The emergence of the Old Smolensk road dates back to the 15th century. Perhaps it existed before, but no sources have come down to this day.
Since its inception, the Smolensk road has played an important historical role. Prince Sigismund advanced east along this road, Russian troops retreated along this road in 1812, and then the French fled from Moscow. During World War II, the Germans advanced along it and the Russian units retreated.
In the XVI - XVIII centuries it was the main route from Moscow to Europe, which was used by many famous people traveling to and from Europe. Along the road there were many inns and post stations, there were wayposts.
As you can see, none of this is left now. During the entire time of our journey along the road, we met only one motorcyclist. There is practically no traffic in this place or it is minimal.


We got to the monastery only at 6 pm. There was not a single car in the small parking lot next to the monastery. And this is not strange, given the difficult path to the monastery.

The monastery was founded in 1530 by the Monk Gerasim of Boldin. In 1929 the monastery was closed. The buildings of the monastery housed a collective farm cheese factory, a milk separator and a granary.
During the Great Patriotic War, the monastery became the base of the partisans. In 1943, during the retreat, the Germans blew up the ancient buildings of the monastery. The restoration of the monastery began in 1964.


The church has amazing acoustics. We arrived just in time for the start of the service.

We have been to many monasteries, but this monastery made a very special impression on us. Very quiet, peaceful, relaxing place. Just the way a monastery should be. For all the time we met no more than 5 people on the territory of the monastery. I recommend that you definitely visit here at least once in order to feel the real monastic solitude and silence.

On the way back, we decided to take a detour through the city of Dorogobuzh. Having approached the Dnieper River, I had a suspicion that we had taken a wrong turn somewhere. But no, it turned out we were on the right track.

And here is the chemical plant.

After 15-20 kilometers we finally reached the M1 Minsk highway. This path is 30 kilometers longer than the path along the Staro-Smolensk road. The timing was also about the same. So if you have an SUV, you can completely go along the Old Smolensk road. By car, it is better to go along the M1 and then through Dorogobuzh.
There was no question of visiting Vyazma again. We still had to drive about 250 km to the house. We decided to postpone the trip to Vyazma. But I think that if we go to Vyazma again, we will definitely stop by the Boldin Monastery. And there it is already difficult to say whether we will have time to inspect Vyazma. In any case, to be continued...

The monastery is located on the banks of the Boldinka River, 18 km from the city of Dorogobuzh, on the Old Smolensk road. The monastery was founded in 1528 by the Monk Gerasim of Boldin. From the day it was founded until the beginning of the 17th century, the monastery developed rapidly: churches were built, brethren gathered. In the 1580-1590s. in the Boldin Monastery, a large stone construction unfolded. The author of the entire monastery complex was the famous Moscow master Fyodor Kon. In 1611, the monastery was captured by the Poles, it housed the Catholic order of the Jesuits, in whose possession it was until 1655. Since 1656, the monastery was again consecrated as Orthodox.

In 1919-1927. restoration work was carried out in the monastery under the leadership of P. D. Baranovsky. A historical and art museum has been organized in the former monastery buildings. In November 1929 the monastery was officially closed. A granary was located in the Trinity Cathedral, a collective farm cheese factory was located in the Vvedensky Church, and a separator for milk processing was located in the chapel.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Boldin Monastery was the base of partisan detachments; repair shops were located in the buildings of the former monastery. In March 1943, during the retreat, the Germans mined and blew up the temples and the bell tower. In 1964, the restoration of the monastery began according to the preserved measurements and photographs under the direction of P. D. Baranovsky.

In 1991, the Boldin Monastery was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. In 2001, the relics of St. Gerasim of Boldin were found in the monastery.

At present, almost all the buildings of the monastery have been restored. The monastery necropolis was restored.

Holy Trinity Cathedral

Wooden cathedral church in honor of the Holy Trinity with a chapel in the name of St. Sergius Radonezh was built in the 1530s. next to the first buildings of the monastery. stone cathedral in honor of the Holy Trinity with chapels in the name of the Apostle John the Theologian and the right-believing princes Boris and Gleb was built in 1585-1591, according to legend, at the expense of monk Nicholas, from the noble family of the Arsenyevs. The cathedral was painted with frescoes in the Byzantine tradition on scenes from the gospel parables by Moscow sovereign icon painters. The ancient revered image of the Kazan icon was kept in the cathedral Mother of God. The temple was blown up in 1943. In 1991-2000. temple ruins were excavated. In 2009, the restoration of the Trinity Cathedral was completed.

Church of the Entrance to the Temple of the Blessed Virgin Mary

The stone two-storied refectory of the Vvedensky Church with the Kelar chamber was built in the 1590s. In 1843, under the rector Abbot Nikodim, on the second floor of the refectory, next to the Vvedensky Church, a chapel was built in honor of St. Mitrofan of Voronezh. The temple was blown up in 1943. The first floor was restored in the 1960s. Restoration work was carried out in 1995-1997. Resurrected from the ruins, the Vvedensky Church was consecrated by Metropolitan Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad on December 4, 1997.

Church of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk

On the site of the first cell of St. Gerasim, near an ancient oak, in the 1890s, the brethren of the monastery erected a small stone church in honor of St. Tikhon of Kaluga. In 1990 restored. In May 1991, Metropolitan Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad consecrated the temple.

Patriarchy.ru

The Boldinsky Monastery is the oldest of the monasteries existing and operating today in the Smolensk region. It is located about 15 kilometers east of the city of Dorogobuzh. Not far from the monastery is the old Smolensk road.

The Boldin Monastery was founded by St. Gerasim in 1530. Gerasim set as his ascetic goal the creation of Orthodox monasteries on the lands that had passed from the Principality of Lithuania to the Muscovite state. Some time later, the Boldinsky Holy Trinity Monastery turned into a very influential and rich Orthodox monastery in the Smolensk region. The wealth of the Boldin Monastery grew and replenished due to large donations from the boyars, due to grants by the sovereign of lands, due to their own rather active economic activity.

The monastery flourished in the late 16th - early 17th centuries. At that time, the monastery owned more than a hundred Russian villages and villages, several mills, airborne and hunting grounds, cattle yards, fishing grounds, in such cities as Dorogobuzh, Vyazma, Moscow, Smolensk he had his own monastery courtyards and trading shops. At the very end of the 16th century, large-scale stone construction was launched in the Boldin Holy Trinity Monastery. The five-domed Trinity Cathedral, the refectory chamber with the Church of the Entry into the Temple of the Virgin, and the bell tower were erected.

The Time of Troubles, which fell at the beginning of the 17th century and the invasion of the Poles, dealt a big blow to the Boldin Monastery. From 1617 to 1654, the Dorogobuzh lands were under the control of the Kingdom of Poland, and Catholicism was the state religion in it. The monks of the monastery during the Time of Troubles mostly left it, and then, the land and the monastery itself were transferred to the Smolensk Jesuit Collegium (an educational institution of the Catholic Church).

After 1954, when Moscow again won the Dorogobuzh land from the Poles, the monastery was restored, but its possessions were noticeably reduced, and by the second half of the 17th century, they amounted to about two dozen villages. The year 1764 was marked by the fact that Empress Catherine II took away their lands from the monasteries, which were subsequently distributed to the nobles. This caused the decline of the monasteries, a very large number of which became inactive due to poverty. At that time, the Boldin Monastery was able to survive thanks to the charitable contributions of the parishioners, one of the major donors was Prince Andrei Dolgorukov.

And the monastery again experiences its heyday in the 70-80s of the XIX century. Hieromonk was appointed rector at that time, and then Archimandrite Andrei (Vasiliev). In his management, for 24 years, all the temples and buildings of the monastery were restored and repaired, new Holy Gates, cells, buildings for household needs, a hotel, an abbot's house, a mill on the lake, a prosphora plant were built, a huge garden was planted. A stone chapel was rebuilt on the site where once was the cell of St. Gerasim (the founder), about 50 meters from the monastery. On the basis of ancient lists, Archimandrite Andrei wrote and then published The Life of St. Gerasim.

At the beginning of the 20th century (1919-1927), under the leadership of P.D. Baranovsky in the Boldin Monastery, restoration work is underway, a historical and art museum is being created. At the same time, a wooden church from the village of Usvyatye was transported to Boldino. At the end of 1929 Soviet authority closes the Boldin Monastery by his order. In the future, the Trinity Cathedral was assigned to a granary, a separator for milk processing was installed in the chapel, the refectory of the Vvedensky Church was converted into a collective farm cheese factory.

During the Great Patriotic War, the monastery served as one of the partisan bases, and repair shops were located right there. Retreating from the Dorogobuzh lands, German troops mined and blew up all the stone buildings of the monastery. The post-war years brought the ruins of the monastery to complete desolation. Brick from the destroyed buildings was gradually used by local residents for their own needs. Only in 1964, guided by the surviving photographs and measurements, under the guidance of P.D. Baranovsky, restoration and restoration work begins again. And they are nearing their end, only now they are led by a student of Pyotr Dmitrievich - A.M. Ponomarev.

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