I have solved the ancient code. Ancient Roman concrete, Viking code and other ancient mysteries that have only been solved in our days. Recognition of common ciphers
A third of the world's population professes the Christian faith. But there are also a significant number of atheists. Many are looking for clear, rather than mythical, evidence of the existence of the Almighty. There are also many who consider the Book of Books to be just a collection of ancient legends and metaphors that have survived time. Is it really?
THIS UNEASY SIMPLICITY
The Russian mathematician Ivan Nikolaevich Panin (1855-1942) is considered an outstanding expert in the field of Bible study, who devoted a lot of time to the mathematical analysis of the text of Scripture. He was known as a convinced agnostic, but, having identified a certain mathematical (numerical) pattern in the text of the Holy Scriptures, he neglected his career and settled with his wife on a small Canadian farm, where for more than 50 years he worked every day to constantly improve his theory.
The essence of Ivan Panin’s discovery is that in the original text of the Bible, consisting of the Old Testament (Hebrew) and the New Testament (Greek), the number 7 is incomprehensibly encoded in every word and in every letter, just as it is encoded in our entire universe. It is one of the so-called prime numbers, meaning it is not divisible by any other integer except itself and one.
So, it turns out that this not at all simple prime number is a kind of brick of the universe, the basis of everything! Here we don’t even have to talk about well-known proverbs and sayings like “One with a fry, and seven with a spoon,” “Seven don’t wait for one,” or “Measure seven times, cut once.” Everything is much more precise, more complex and unshakable.
Let us recall, for example, that a lunar month is equal to 28 days (7 x 4), white sunlight consists of 7 colors, a musical octave consists of 7 full tones, and the pregnancy period for women lasts 280 days (7 x 40). We see the same thing in animals and birds.
And in general, experts know: a person usually remembers 7 concepts from the first reading. Even the fact that there were 7 wonders of the world, and the crow can perform simple arithmetic operations within the number 7, adds mysticism to this simple number.
BIBLE CIPHERS
All these and other numerous facts indicate the existence of a certain pattern that is extremely important for humans, and also that the key to revealing the secret of the Creator of the universe can be the simple number 7. The activities of I. N. Panin aroused criticism, but he also has followers, such as Viktor Iosifovich Veinik and the American preacher Chuck Missler.
The first phrase of the Old Testament, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth,” has 7 Hebrew words consisting of 28 (7 x 4) letters, and the first 3 words, naming the subject and predicate, have 14 (7 x 2) letters, containing the same amount and the last 4 words (additions). The shortest word is located in the middle of the phrase, the number of letters in it and the word on the left is 7, the number of letters in the middle word and the word on the right is also 7.
In the New Testament, the first 17 verses of the first chapter (Gospel of Matthew) tell the story of the genealogy of Christ. Moreover, the first 11 verses cover the period before the migration to Babylon, they contain 49 (7 x 7) vocabulary units of the Greek language, the number of letters in them is 266 (7 x 38), of which 140 are vowels (7 x 20), and consonants are - 126 (7 x 18); the number of words starting with a vowel is 28 (7 x 4), and with a consonant - 21 (7 x 3); the number of nouns is 42 (7 x 6), non-nouns - 7; proper names - 35 (7 x 5), they occur 63 times (7 x 9), of which male names - 28 (7 x 4), female - 7, male names occur 56 times (7 x 8).
Similar numerical patterns are embedded in the remaining verses of the genealogy, as well as in the entire text of the Bible. Amazingly, this principle is not violated anywhere - everything is a multiple of the number 7!
In ancient times, Jews and Greeks expressed numbers using the letters of their alphabet. Incredibly, substituting these numbers in place of the corresponding letters of the biblical text leads to similar results! For example, if in the three main nouns of the first phrase of the Old Testament (God, heaven, earth) the letters are replaced by numbers, then the sum is equal to 777 (7 x 111), the Hebrew verb “created” has a total numerical value of 203 (7 x 29).
It may seem incredible, but these three sevens are framed by the equally magical word “Jesus”, which has a sum of 888, and the number of the beast, or Antichrist, equal to 666! It is obtained if the Greek word for “beast” is denoted by the letters of the Hebrew alphabet.
GOD'S DESIGN
Panin managed to identify chain-like numerical patterns that run through all of Scripture and connect its entire text together. The results of the study led to an unambiguous conclusion: the numerical features discovered in the structure of the original biblical text could not have arisen by chance, the probability of this is zero, i.e. all the discovered patterns are the result of someone’s design.
However, they are present only in the canonical Bible, which consists of 66 books - 39 books of the Old Testament and 27 books of the New Testament. But this plan is almost impossible to implement using arbitrary alphabetic, vocabulary and grammatical material.
And the most amazing thing is that if you add or remove from the Bible not only a book, but even one (!) word or one (!) letter, or change the order of words, then all the corresponding patterns and connections will be broken! The plan should have provided for the creation of appropriate alphabets and systems of the Hebrew and Greek languages, taking into account the mental, educational, stylistic, age and other individual characteristics of each executor of this plan.
But it is known that the Bible was written over 1,600 years with a break of 400 years before the New Testament, and it is absolutely clear that this could not have been done by the minds of the authors who wrote it, who lived in different eras, since under such conditions the complexity of solving this problem increases to infinity.
But if a person cannot do this, it turns out that in such a simple and infinitely difficult way, the Almighty protected His Scripture from all errors, changes, insertions and cuts. God's copyright, so to speak.
In the courtyard of the CIA building in Langley stands S-shaped copper plate with encrypted text. This is the most famous element of the sculpture "Kryptos", its authors are sculptor James Sanborn and Ed Scheidt, the retired head of the CIA cryptographic department. They came up with a code that is difficult to decipher, but quite possible. At least that's what they thought.
According to the authors, “Kryptos” personifies the process of collecting information. The Kryptos cipher is 869 characters, divided into four parts. The creators assumed that it would take about seven months to solve the first three parts, and about seven years to solve the entire problem. 23 years later, there is still no complete decryption. "Cryptos" is practiced by amateurs (there has been a group of about 1,500 people on Yahoo! since 2003) and professionals (from the CIA and NSA) - their task is complicated by intentional mistakes made by Sanborn and Scheidt (partly to confuse people, partly for aesthetic reasons).
It is believed that Sanborn is the only person on the planet who knows the answer to "Kryptos". The sculptor says that people, obsessed with the code he created, call and say terrible things: “They call me the devil’s servant, because I have a secret that I don’t share with anyone.” Sanborn says that if he dies, the answer will definitely go to someone else, but adds that he wouldn't be completely upset if the right decision remains a mystery forever.
Murderer, about whom nothing is still known, sent encrypted letters to California newspapers, promising that they would contain clues to his identity. The first message of the Zodiac (August 1969) consisted of three parts and 408 characters; an ordinary Californian couple deciphered it the fastest. The meaning of the letter was that killing people is much more interesting than killing animals, because man is the most dangerous creature on the planet. “I will go to heaven where those I killed will become my slaves,” the note read. This was the last successful attempt to decipher the Zodiac cryptogram. The contents of the postcard with a 340-character code, which arrived three months later at the San Francisco Chronicle, remains a mystery. “Can you print it on the first page? I feel terribly lonely when people don’t notice me,” the killer asked in the accompanying letter. It is this code that is depicted on the poster of David Fincher's film Zodiac.
A few days later, Zodiac sent another letter in which he encrypted his name - it also remained unsolved. Then there was a letter in which the killer threatened to blow up a school bus. He attached a map and a code to it - with their help it was allegedly possible to find a bomb that was planned to be used for a terrorist attack. No one could figure out this code either, but there was no explosion either. Attempts to unravel the Zodiac codes continue. In 2011, amateur cryptographer Corey Starliper said he decrypted a 340-character message and found in it a confession from Arthur Lee Allen, once the prime suspect in the Zodiac case, but released due to lack of evidence. Many newspapers wrote about Starliper, but it quickly became clear that his method did not stand up to criticism.
Phaistos disc. It is believed that the hieroglyphic inscriptions on the Phaistos Disc presumably belong to the Minoan civilization that lived on the island of Crete. A clay disk with hieroglyphs written on both sides in the form of a spiral was discovered in 1908. Experts have determined that there are 45 different hieroglyphs on the disk, and some of them are similar to signs used in the early palace period.
18th century shepherd's monument in Staffordshire, England. It contains a strange sequence of letters DOUOSVAVVM - a code that has not been deciphered for more than 250 years. The author of this cipher is unknown, some believe that this code may be a clue left by the Knights Templar as to the location of the Holy Grail. Many of the greatest minds have tried to decipher this code and failed, including Charles Dickens and Charles Darwin.
Linear writing. Also found in Crete and named after British archaeologist Arthur Evans. In 1952, Michael Ventris deciphered Linear B, which was used to encrypt Mycenaean, the oldest known variant of Greek. But Linear A has only been partially solved, and the solved fragments are written in some language unknown to science, not related to any known language.
In 1933, General Wang of Shanghai, China, was issued seven gold bars. The bars were engraved with designs, inscriptions in Chinese and cryptograms, partly in Latin letters. Presumably these are certificates issued by an American bank. The inscriptions in Chinese speak of a deal worth more than US$300 million.
John F. Byrne invented the Chaocipher encryption method in 1918. Byrne considered it very simple, but still difficult to decipher, and for 40 years he tried unsuccessfully to interest the American government in his invention. He even offered a reward to anyone who could solve his code, but no one ever applied for the reward. Only last year, his family handed over all the papers regarding the cipher to the museum, and specialists managed to figure out his method.
Signal "Wow!"- a strong narrow-band cosmic radio signal recorded by Dr. Jerry Eyman on August 15, 1977 while working on the Big Ear radio telescope at Ohio State University. Under this name, the Signal was captured in the history of the “Program for the Search for Extraterrestrial Civilizations”, as still undeciphered.
British mathematicians participated in the underwater battles of World War II in their own way. Halfway between Oxford and Cambridge, in the town of Milton Keynes, at the height of the war, a kind of institute was set up where Alan Turing and other famous scientists worked on breaking the code that Germany used to communicate with submarines. German code breakers used a device similar to a typewriter with two keyboards: one regular, the other with light bulbs. When the radio operator hit the key with her finger, the light flashed under some other letter. This letter should have been added to the encrypted version of the message. Without a single sample of Enigma at hand, Turing was able to understand the principle of the machine’s operation and build his decoder based on logical reasoning alone. British historian Hinsley even stated that the breakthrough in cryptanalysis brought the end of World War II closer by two, if not four years. The exceptional role that breaking the Enigma code played in the victory over the Nazis was also cited by Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain when she posthumously pardoned the mathematician several months ago. In 1952, Turing was sentenced to chemical castration for homosexuality, after which the scientist committed suicide.
Jotunvillur. There are only a few thousand runic inscriptions: orders of magnitude fewer texts than classical antiquity left behind. And then we are usually talking about short fragmentary phrases on tablets or on stones. Jonas Nordby, a graduate student in linguistics at the University of Oslo, focused on 80 encrypted ones: if you try to read them as is, it will come out nonsense. Nine, as it turned out, use a fairly simple algorithm, by the standards of modern cryptography - the author of the study calls it Jotunvillur: the rune is replaced by one whose name (“rune name”) ends with the desired letter. Why be so secretive is understandable in some cases. One of the inscriptions on the tablets read by Nordby reads “Kiss me.” Given that both the recipient and the sender of the message had to at least be able to read, then both were probably men.
During World War II, the British Army often used pigeons to transmit encrypted messages. In 2012, a resident of Surrey (southern England) found the remains of a bird in the chimney of his house, with a container with a message attached to its leg. The text was intended for a certain XO2 and was signed “W Stot Sjt”. After studying the message, experts from the British Government Communications Center came to the conclusion that without access to the code books used to create the cipher, it is almost impossible to find the correct solution. “Messages like this were designed to be read only by the sender and the recipient. Unless we know something about who wrote the letter or who it was intended for, we will not be able to decipher it,” said an anonymous GCC worker in an interview with the BBC.
On December 1, 1948, a man's body was found on Somerton Beach in Adelaide.. There were no signs of violence on the body; all that was on him were cigarettes, a box of matches, a pack of chewing gum, a comb, a bus ticket and a train ticket. The pathologist who performed the autopsy was unable to determine the exact cause of his death, but suggested that the victim was most likely poisoned with a poison, traces of which disappear from the body within a few hours. A month and a half later, police found a suitcase at Adelaide train station that apparently belonged to the murdered man. Inside were various tools and clothes with tags torn off - including trousers with a secret pocket in which they found a piece of paper torn from a book with the inscription “Tamam Shud”. The required book turned out to be an extremely rare edition of a collection of poetry by Omar Khayyam. On the last page there was a code written in pencil that has not been solved for more than 60 years. In 1978, the Australian Department of Defense issued a statement: it could be a code, it could be a meaningless set of characters, it’s impossible to say for sure. Since 2009, attempts to decipher the cryptogram have been underway at the University of Adelaide. Researchers have come to the conclusion that this is indeed some kind of cipher, but there is still no solution to either the cipher or the Taman Shud case itself, one of the most famous mysteries in the history of Australia.
In the first edition of the book Codes and Ciphers English cartographer and cryptographer of Russian origin Alexander D'Agapeev published a code that still remains unsolved. After the book was published, the author admitted that he had forgotten the correct answer. In subsequent editions of Codes and Ciphers there was no cryptogram. It has been proven that the D’Agapeev cipher is indeed based on a certain system (that is, it is not just a random set of symbols), but it turned out to be too complicated. In the early 1950s, The Cryptogram magazine announced a reward for deciphering the code, but the correct answer was still not found.
On July 14, 1897, the famous English composer Edward Elgar sent a note to Dorabella- that’s what he called his friend Dora Penny. "Miss Penny," it said on one side of the card. The other had a three-line cipher of 87 characters. Dora was unable to decipher the message, and it sat in her desk drawer for 40 years before it was reprinted in Penny's book of Elgar memoirs. Deciphering the composer's letter, some tried to make do with the simplest method of replacing symbols with letters, others came to the conclusion that it was not the words that were hidden here, but the melody. Some received messages in which absolutely nothing was clear, while others received extremely lyrical texts, full of dreaminess and love. There is still no final decision; The decoding competition held in 2007 in honor of Elgar’s 150th anniversary also ended in nothing.
Georgia Tablets- a large granite monument in Elbert County in Georgia, USA. The monument contains a long inscription in 8 modern languages, and at the top of the monument there is a shorter inscription in 4 ancient languages: Akkadian, classical Greek, Sanskrit and ancient Egyptian. The monument contains no encrypted messages, but its purpose and origin remain a mystery. It was erected by a man whose identity has never been established.
Voynich manuscript, which is often called the most mysterious book in the world. The manuscript uses a unique alphabet, has about 250 pages and includes drawings depicting unknown flowers, naked nymphs and astrological symbols. It first appeared at the end of the 16th century, when Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II bought it in Prague from an unknown merchant for 600 ducats (about 3.5 kg of gold, today more than 50 thousand dollars). From Rudolph II the book passed to nobles and scientists, and at the end of the 17th century it disappeared. The manuscript reappeared around 1912, when it was purchased by the American bookseller Wilfrid Voynich. After his death, the manuscript was donated to Yale University. British scientist Gordon Wragg believes that the book is a clever hoax.
The text contains features that are not characteristic of any language. On the other hand, some features, such as the length of words and the way letters and syllables are connected, are similar to those existing in real languages. “Many people think that this is all too complicated to be a hoax, and it would take some mad alchemist years to build such a system,” says Rugg. However, Rugg shows that such complexity could be achieved easily by using a encryption device invented around 1550 called Cardan's reticle. In this symbol table, words are created by moving a card with holes cut in it. The spaces left in the table result in words of different lengths. By superimposing such lattices on the manuscript's syllable table, Rugg created a language that shares many, if not all, of the features of the manuscript's language. According to him, it would take three months to create the entire book.
Inspired by the Voynich manuscript, in 1981, the Italian designer and architect Luigi Serafini published his album, designed in the same style: 360 pages of text in an unknown language and miniatures in the spirit of a medieval natural science treatise. Only if a historical manuscript can be suspected of describing some real flora and fauna, then in Serafini horses smoothly turn into caterpillars, and a young man and girl having sex on the storyboard turn into a crocodile.
In all interviews, Serafini claims that the text is meaningless, and there is no need to look for logic in the sequence of miniatures - which, of course, only fuels interest in the book among cryptology enthusiasts.
Rongo-rongo, kohau rongorongo- wooden tablets with letters from the inhabitants of Easter Island. It is currently unclear whether each symbol represents a separate word or syllable. All rongo-rongos are made from toromiro wood. Today, only about 25 “tablets” have survived in museums around the world. Traditionally, they are numbered with letters of the Latin alphabet, which, however, is not the only way to designate the “tables”, among which there is one staff, two inscriptions on the chest decoration of the reimiro, as well as an inscription on the snuff box and on the figure of tangata manu. The hieroglyphs are partly symbolic, partly geometric, in total about eight hundred different characters (according to Bartel's catalogue).
Bale cryptograms- 3 encrypted messages containing information about the location of a treasure of gold, silver and precious stones, allegedly buried in Virginia near Lynchburg by a party of gold miners led by Thomas Jefferson Bale. The price of the unfound treasure in modern terms should be about 30 million dollars.
Telegraf
There is a lot of pain and sorrow in life. We are evil, too often we hit those we love the hardest. The simplest commandment of Christ is “live in love!”, but oh how difficult it is to fulfill it...
Explosions in the heart, explosions in the world. He opened the Bible to read the psalms. And I remembered my old material. Back in January 2004, he wrote that scientists had deciphered the code hidden in the Bible. Today I found it and re-read it. And wow, the prophecy given there has come true. But I'm sorry it hit the mark...
"The Bible code has been solved
Scientists have discovered the “Bible code” that allows you to predict the future. They found encrypted information in the Holy Scriptures about a terrorist attack in America, a disaster with an American ship in space, the outcome of the war in Iraq and events that have yet to happen.
Grigory TELNOV
The legend that hidden information is encrypted in the Bible has existed since ancient times. But no one was able to “remove the seal.”
Physicist Isaac Newton believed that the Bible was “a cryptogram composed by the Almighty.” He learned Hebrew, in which the Old Testament is written, and tried to solve the code, but failed.
The attempts of the Russian mathematician Elius Solomon turned out to be more fruitful. Three hundred years ago he did what only a computer could do. Eliya memorized the first five books of the Bible, analyzed each letter and discovered surprising patterns. The signs combined in a certain sequence formed words, which Eliya considered the key to upcoming events. The conclusion was sensational:
“Everything that was, is and will happen until the end of time is contained in the Torah, the first five books of the Bible. Not only in a general sense, but including the smallest details of the life of each person, everything that happens to him, from his birth to death, the same is said about every animal and beast that exists, about plants and about everything living, as well as about the inanimate."
Elia Solomon was not understood by his contemporaries - the calculation methods were so complex that few could comprehend them at that time.
REGULARITIES
Russian mathematician Ivan Panin (he died in the USA in 1942) was the first to calculate the Bible using the achievements of modern science. He proved that the original biblical texts were dictated by God, including every word, every letter and even every line.
The essence of the discovery is that the original text of the Bible, consisting of the Old Testament, dictated in Hebrew, and the New Testament, dictated in Greek, contains special numerical patterns. They are such that every word and every letter in the Bible has its specific designated place. Panin proved that according to probability theory it follows that such numerical singularities cannot arise by chance. Since the Bible was written over 1600 years, Panin concluded that the Holy Scriptures are the fruit of a single plan and that the “collective of authors” who lived in different centuries and in different countries was controlled by God.
Russian physicist Academician Viktor Veynik developed Panin’s theory by testing his conclusions using computer technology. They shocked him so much that he, who had considered himself an atheist all his life, believed in God. Shortly before his death, Academician Veinik conducted a series of experiments in which he proved that the biblical teaching about the creation of the world does not contradict modern physics.
CIPHER
On the eve of World War II, Rabbi Michael Weissmandl from Slovakia decided to clearly see the numerical patterns of the Holy Scriptures. The priest wrote out all 304,805 letters of the Torah (which includes the first books of the Old Testament) in tables. And I highlighted words that occur at equal intervals of letters. By missing 50 letters in the book of Genesis, then another 50, and then three more groups of 50, he arrived at the word “Torah.” This pattern also appeared in the books “Exodus,” “Numbers,” and “Deuteronomy.” The pattern became visible.
World War II took the art of codebreaking to a new level. Having become proficient in German ciphers, mathematicians from different countries took up the Bible again. Her texts were run through a computer, catching hidden patterns and trying to understand them.
The greatest success in deciphering the Bible was achieved in Israel. Mathematician Elia Rips proposed that meaningful encoded words cluster around scattered words in plain text.
“The difference between the Bible code and ordinary ciphers used in intelligence is that it is a “statistical phenomenon,” Rips said. – The code appears in places where the likelihood of such patterns occurring by chance is extremely low.
Rips proceeded from the method used by codebreakers of all intelligence agencies in the world. He tried to grasp patterns and the order of their appearance by analyzing statistical data on the location and combination of signs.
To begin with, Rips decided to “pump up” the first two chapters of the Book of Genesis. It is believed that these texts were dictated to Moses by God himself.
To unravel the “cipher from the Lord,” Rips looked for places in the text that contain a hint of phenomena occurring in the present. He selected several such localized groups. Then I searched the chapters again, looking for hidden occurrences of the same words. And I discovered that they are grouped around keywords.
Rips concluded that this feature is not related to grammatical rules. There are no mechanical processes in any language in the world that could cause such a degree of grouping. The Bible tests were compared to randomly selected literary works. The phenomenon of a secret code was inherent only in the Holy Scriptures.
METHOD
Rips began by instructing the computer to select every 2nd letter, then every 3rd, every 4th, and so on. The computer provided information in the form of words, the combination of which was amazing: “Hitler - Auschwitz”, “Shakespeare - Macbeth - Hamlet”, “Edison - electricity - light bulb”, “Wright brothers - airplane”...
Professor Rips and his colleague Doron Vitzthum described a mathematical model of the code. They outlined it in the report “Equidistant letter sequence in the book of Genesis.” The essence of the discovery is that hidden information is included in the text of the book of Genesis in the form of an equidistant letter sequence and that the probability of its accidental appearance is practically negligible.
The report was sent to the editors of the leading American mathematical journal "Statistical Science". At first they took it for a joke. Before publication, it was sent to experts for review three times.
EXPERTISE
Harold Gens, a cryptographer at the US National Security Agency, was initially more than skeptical about Rips' discovery. But still decided to repeat his experiment. And he was shocked - the text, written thousands of years ago, contained information about events that had happened recently or had not yet happened!
In an excerpt from the book "Genesis" Gens deciphered the concepts - "Man on the Moon", "Spaceship -
Apollo 11 and the date of the first man landing on the Moon - July 20, 1969. Another passage from Genesis encrypted the name of the city of Hiroshima in Japan and the year in which the atomic bomb fell on it. Gens found in the Bible
even a prediction of the death of Princess Diana, and the key order of the deciphered words was “Car accident, photographer, Lady Di.”
WARNING
Rips' discovery became a sensation. Here is how Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor Vladislav Malakhovsky commented on his “Life”:
- There is no doubt that all numbers and signs in the Bible have a higher meaning. Saint Ignatius Brenchaninov wrote about this. But the most amazing thing is that even the mathematical patterns present in the text of the Holy Scriptures allow us to interpret the future in many ways. God always leaves us freedom of choice. It is always easier to find warnings in hindsight.
After the terrorist attack that occurred in America on September 11, a message was found in the Bible about an attack on skyscrapers using airplanes. The Bible also predicted the outcome of the war in Iraq.
However, scientists are trying, based on the Bible, to predict upcoming events in the world, at least in general terms. Russia has a favorable forecast - strengthening of political positions, a stable situation within the country. But the United States and Israel, according to Rips’ calculations, face unpleasant prospects. A new surge of terrorism is expected there. Its peak will be in 2006."
An international team of researchers has disproved the idea that the earliest written use of a zero to fill place value (as in the number 101, for example) should be considered a manuscript from Bakhshali, an ancient Indian mathematics textbook.
The article was published in the journal History of Science in South Asia.
Some fragments of this writing were dated back to the 3rd century, and therefore the Oxford scientists who carried out the analysis said that the idea of zero dates back to Indian culture. However, according to the authors of the new work, the text itself was written much later - around the 10th century AD.
In 1881, a villager dug up darkened birch leaves with inscriptions near the village of Bakhshali (50 kilometers from the city of Peshawar in modern Pakistan). These lands at that time belonged to British India, so the find was transferred to the British authorities, and in 1902 it was acquired by the Bodleian Library of Oxford.
The 70-page manuscript was quickly recognized as an ancient mathematics textbook. It is written in Sharada (Śāradā), a written language that originated around the 8th century AD. The text of the book follows a certain logical sequence: first the rule (sutra) is stated, and then examples (udaharana), which include problems with solutions and proofs. Interestingly, the textbook uses zero, which is shown as a large dot. It denotes both the absence of a digit value and the unknown (modern x).
So, the researchers conducted radiocarbon analysis of three pages - 16, 17 and 33 - which gave unexpected results. One fragment was dated to 224-383 AD, the second to 680-779 (which coincided with the generally accepted dating), and the third to 885-993. According to British researchers, the original text was created between the 3rd and 4th centuries, after which it was rewritten several times.
Based on this, historians stated that the Bakhshali manuscript contains the oldest written zero, and they especially noted that the zero cannot be considered real, since it is not fully used in mathematical operations. The article was published on the library website and received publicity in the media, but was not peer-reviewed in scientific journals.
The authors of the new article dispute the findings of Oxford scientists. They point to a large number of inconsistencies in the final dating of the text, as well as in the explanation of discrepancies in the age of the manuscript fragments. In particular, an international team of researchers argues that the date of creation of the document should be considered the highest limit - that is, the 9th-10th century. This is indicated not only by the language of the manuscript, but also by the absence of a noticeable difference in the handwriting on pages 16 and 17. In addition, it raises the question of why the textbook was rewritten for so many centuries in a row and did not undergo any changes. Moreover, from the point of view of language, the researchers note, the text also retained its integrity.
In addition, the authors found errors in the interpretation of zero in the manuscript. They believe that it is used in the textbook as an independent number. In their conclusions, historians proceed from the fact that the manuscript describes complex mathematical operations, for example, multiplying the fraction 108625/65600 by 59425/49200 with the result 6455040625/3227520000. According to scientists, the ancient Indians must have had an understanding of zero in order to solve such problems. In addition, the text mentions the operation of addition with zero (“adding one to zero”), which, as scientists say, refutes the statement of the Oxford authors.
The researchers conclude their article with a reference to the Bodleian Library. They talk about the importance of publishing through peer-reviewed journals, where experts can evaluate the material and point out inaccuracies in the work. Historians do not put a final point on the issue of the age of the text, but they talk about the need for a more detailed study of the manuscript from Bakhshali by experts and dating of the fragment with ink.
The first rules for arithmetic operations with zero were established by Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived from approximately 598 to 670 AD. He created the rules of arithmetic operations with zero known to everyone: 1+0 = 1, 1-0 =1, 1×0 = 0. However, the symbol “sunya” (“emptiness”) was used in Indian texts before.
As the portal "Znayu" reported, near Irkutsk during an expedition, who lived in these places about 50 thousand years ago. Experts suggest that they have found the remains of the oldest species of Homo sapiens in Eurasia.
At one time, New York journalist Michael Drosnin made a name for himself (and a lot of money!) by writing a book about how there is supposedly a secret “code” in the biblical text. The book immediately became a bestseller. Serious passions erupted around the “Bible code,” which have not subsided to this day. Representatives of the clergy, computer scientists, and even researchers of ancient languages found themselves involved in heated debates. And the point is that - as Drosnin presented it - on the basis of computer technology, two Israelis analyzed a fragment of the biblical Old Testament - the so-called. The Torah, also known as the “Pentateuch of Moses,” and there allegedly were clear signs of a certain “code”, using which you can learn about both the past and the future. By means of such a “code” the Bible seemed to predict the assassination of the Israeli Prime Minister in 1995, the major earthquake in Los Angeles in 2010, and other events – both past and future.
“And you, Daniel, hide these words and seal this book until the time of the end.”
(Book of Daniel, chapter 12, verse 4)
“The distinction between past, present and future is nothing more than an illusion, no matter how strong it may be.”
Albert Einstein, 1955
Further in that letter to Rabin it was: “The reason why I am writing to you about this is this: the only time your name - Yitzhak Rabin - is mentioned in the coded text, it is crossed out by the words “murderer who will kill.” This fact cannot be ignored, because the Bible also contains coded messages about the assassination of Anwar Sadat and John and Robert Kennedy, and in Sadat's case, along with his name, the name of his killer, the date and place of the murder, and how exactly he was killed. I think You are in danger, but this danger can be avoided."
On November 4, 1995, the terrible prediction was confirmed: a man who believed that he was sent by God killed Rabin with a shot in the back; however, the killer did not know that the murder of the Israeli prime minister was described by the author of the Bible three thousand years ago.
The assassination of Rabin was a dramatic confirmation of the reality of the predictions encoded in the text of the Old Testament.
The fact that the text of the Old Testament contains a hidden, encrypted message, hitherto unread by anyone, was discovered by Dr. Eliyahu Rips, one of the world's leading experts on group theory (this branch of mathematics forms the basis of quantum physics), an Israeli, a former citizen of the USSR. Rips was widely talked about during the Gulf War, the beginning of which he, based on the biblical text, predicted to the day three weeks before it began.
Subsequently, Rips' conclusions were confirmed by reputable mathematicians from Harvard and Yale universities, as well as specialists from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Rabin's assassination, of course, is not the only event in recent history whose record was found in the hidden text of the Bible: it contains everything from World War II to Watergate, from the Holocaust to Hiroshima, from the moon landing to the collision of Jupiter with Comet Shoemaker-Levy.
Michael Drosnin, the journalist who sent Yitzhak Rabin the warning letter, devoted many years to studying the Bible code. He writes: “This seems meaningless from the point of view of a non-religious person, and since I am not religious myself, I would be the first to dismiss these facts if I heard about them now, at the end of the millennium. But I have been studying this phenomenon for five years. I have spent many weeks with the Israeli mathematician Dr. Rips. I learned Hebrew and, checking Rips's conclusions, analyzed the biblical text every day on my computer. I spoke with a person from the US Department of Defense who experimentally verified Rips's conclusions and saw firsthand that the Bible code exists I went to Harvard, Yale and Hebrew University and met with three of the most famous mathematicians in the world. They all confirmed that there was a code in the Bible, a key that unlocks the future. But I didn’t fully believe it until Rabin was killed. ..
I discovered the prediction of his assassination on my own - it was a clear warning that he would be killed in the Jewish calendar year that begins in September 1995, but never for a moment did I truly believe that this would actually happen. When he was killed, as predicted, my first thought was: “Oh my God, this is all true!”
Search for the "Sealed Book"
“Everything that was, is and will be until the end of time is included in the Torah, from the first word to the last word. Every day of every creature - from birth to death - is described in detail in the Torah,” said the 18th century Jewish thinker, famous under the name of the Sage from Vilna. The message Rips discovered is encoded in the original text of the Old Testament - Hebrew. At the same time, it is ecumenical, that is, it contains information about everyone and for everyone. Rabbi Weissmandel from Prague was the first to suspect secret writing in the text of the Old Testament more than fifty years ago. He noticed that if you read the first and then every fifty-first letter in the book of Genesis, then the first word that will be formed from the letters will be the word “Torah.” And in exactly the same way, the books of Exodus, Numbers and Deuteronomy begin with the word “Torah”, if you read the letters in the same order. Eliyahu Rips heard about Weissmandel's discovery from a Jerusalem rabbi; Having become interested, I found the works of the Prague rabbi in the National Library of Israel and read the passages in which Weissmandel discussed the secret writing in the Pentateuch (the Pentateuch, or Torah, is the name given to the first five books of the Old Testament).
At first, Rips tried to read the text hidden in the Pentateuch using Weissmandel's method. For the convenience of such a search, he removed all spaces between words and punctuation marks so that one continuous chain of letters was obtained - there were 304,805 of them (!). By doing this, he returned the Torah to its original form. According to legend, it was in this form that Moses received it from God - “a continuous text, without breaks.” Thus, the text of the Torah turned into a kind of letter canvas, reminiscent of a giant crossword puzzle. At the heart of this canvas is a complex network of intersecting words like a crossword puzzle - Scripture within Scripture. The Pentateuch is a code from the first to the last word.
It was not only rabbis who looked for hidden meanings in the Bible. Isaac Newton saw encryption in the Bible and considered the search for a code that would allow it to be read to be a more important work than the creation of his theory of the Universe. He studied Hebrew and spent half his life searching for the key to the biblical code.
According to Newton's biographer John Maynard Keynes, the great scientist was obsessed with deciphering Scripture. When Keynes became rector of Cambridge University, he discovered Newton's papers, which he had collected when he resigned as rector in 1696. Keynes was struck by the fact that most of Newton's manuscripts had nothing to do with mathematics, astronomy, or physics - they were works on esoteric theology. Their content indicated that the great physicist was sure that prophecies about human history were hidden in the Bible. Newton believed that the Bible, along with the structure of the Universe, is a “cryptogram of the Almighty,” and he wanted to solve His riddle and find out what was predetermined.
Newton searched for the Bible code until his death, but his life's work was not crowned with success, no matter what mathematical models he used to decipher it.
Rips was luckier. The discovery that Isaac Newton was not destined to make, he made because he had an important tool that Newton lacked. The hidden text of the Bible was encrypted in such a way that until a certain time it was simply impossible to open it - this requires a computer.
Using the computer, Rips immediately made a breakthrough. He discovered encrypted combinations of words whose probability of random existence was statistically extremely small.
Rips conducted his first experiment, called “Sequences of equidistant letters in the book of Genesis,” with the help of physicist Doron Vitzthum. The report on the experiment said: “Analysis of the text of the book of Genesis from the point of view of randomness and non-randomness of the distribution of fragments shows that hidden text is embedded in it in the form of sequences of equidistant letters. The probability of the existence of hidden text is 99.998%.”
The computer searches the string of letters for names, words and phrases hidden by the so-called skip code. Starting with the first letter of Scripture, the machine tries to read letters through one, through two, through fifteen, through sixty-four, through two thousand four hundred, etc. Then everything starts again, but from the second letter of the text - and so on until the last. When the machine finds some significant word or name, it begins to search near it ("horizontally", "vertically" and "diagonally", since the Bible is not just a skip code, but also a kind of crossword puzzle) data, that could be related to the found word: names, titles, dates. Thus, in one place the names of Rabin and Amir, the name “Tel Aviv” and the year of the assassination of the Israeli prime minister were found related to each other.
Rips clearly explains how the decryption program works, using the example of deciphering a message about the Gulf War. “We started searching for the name Saddam Hussein,” he recalls, “then searching for associated words. We found the name, found the date the war started and the words “Russian missiles.”
The words in the message intersected, like in a crossword puzzle. The encrypted words “Bill Clinton” and “president” were connected in the same way; "moon landing", "spacecraft" and "Apollo 11"; "Hitler", "Nazi", "Germany" and "mass murder"; "Kennedy" and "Dallas", etc."
Then Rips and the people from his team decided to check whether the code is contained only in the Torah or whether similar “tricks” are characteristic of any text written in Hebrew. They began searching for the names of thirty-two great Jewish sages who lived in different times - from the biblical to the present. Rips and his companions wanted to know whether these names, as well as the circumstances and dates of the lives of the wise men, could be discovered in the first book of the Holy Scriptures and in extraneous text. As the latter, they took the Hebrew translation of “War and Peace” and two more original Hebrew texts. In the Bible, the name and dates of life of each sage appeared side by side in the cipher text; they were not found in War and Peace and two other texts.
The probability that this is an accident is one in ten million. The Bible, according to Rips, stores an infinite amount of information - each time the decoding gives a new name or word or phrase, and a new “crossword” is formed around it, created according to its own specific rules...
So, when the computer was tasked with searching for the name “Yitzhak Rabin,” it appeared only once, and the spaces between the letters of that name were “wide” 4,772 letters. Then the machine divided 304,805 letters (the total number of letters in the Torah) into 4,772 and presented the text in the form of sixty-four string sequences, each of which had 4,772 characters. In the canvas folded in this way, the name Rabin is “folded” into a “whole” word, the letters of which are written in a row and not separated from each other. The machine begins searching for association words around the name.
A name read in “steps” of ten letters would regroup the text into a sequence of ten-letter lines (there would be 304,805:10 = 30,480.5), in “steps” of a hundred letters - hundred-letter lines, etc. Each time, it is the number of letters skipped when reading the name that determines how the computer regroups the text and what kind of “crossword” will appear this time. Three thousand years ago, the name Rabin was already written in the Bible, and in such a way that anyone who read it would automatically find nearby important information about the bearer of the name and his place in history.
Independent expert from the Pentagon
When Harold Gans, a senior cipher expert at the US National Security Agency, heard about the discovery of the Bible code, he was skeptical and decided to figure it out himself. Harold has spent his life creating and deciphering codes for American intelligence, he is a professional statistician and speaks Hebrew. When he began his work, he was confident that he would be able to disprove the existence of the Bible code. He wrote a special computer program that would inevitably find information about the sages discovered by the Israeli team, if it really was there. To his surprise, Harold found it: the dates of birth and death of the sages were encrypted along with their names.
And yet Hans could not believe that the code was real. He decided to look for references to other facts in the encryption and try to find an error (or perhaps even fraud) in Rips' experiment. Hans said to himself: “If we can find the names and dates of birth and death of these people, then why not look for the cities in which they were born and died?” - and got to work.
The work lasted for four hundred and forty hours. Gans looked for information not only about the thirty-two sages from Rips's list, but also about thirty-four other historical figures, and also found them.
“I got chills down my spine,” Gans recalls of the day he saw that the code contained city names associated with the names of all sixty-six historical figures.
So the Pentagon codebreaker, relying on his own, completely original method, independently of Rips and without wanting it, confirmed the conclusions of the Israeli mathematician: the names of people born thousands of years after its writing were encrypted in the Bible, as well as the dates of their lives and the names of places where she passed.
In the final report of his experiment, Gans wrote: “In analyzing the Torah, I was doing exactly the same work that I did in the Ministry of Defense. At first I was completely skeptical, I thought that the Bible code was just nonsense. In order to disprove the existence of the code, I finally confirmed its reality."
Here are the main conclusions of the Rips team, confirmed by Harold Gans. First: the Bible contains encoded information about the past and future, and from a mathematical point of view, this information could not have ended up there by accident. Second, this information is found only in the Bible and not in any other text.
Rips and Vitzthum sent an article about their experiment to the leading American mathematical journal, Statistical Science. The editor of the journal, Professor Robert Kaas, was very critical of their findings, but still decided to send the work for review by experts - this is the practice adopted in all serious scientific journals. To Kaas's surprise, no error or fraud was found in the calculations of Israeli mathematicians... The skepticism of scientists is quite understandable - in fact, how can the Bible contain information about people living today?! And yet this information is there. Despite all the skepticism of mathematicians, none of them could find errors in the calculations even after the article by Rips and Vitzthum was published. And no one could explain the amazing fact that the Bible contains a code that describes the events that happened after it was written.
"Even the hairs on your head are numbered..."
It is clear that the messages encrypted in the Bible are not similar to the predictions of Nostradamus, these are not “A star will rise in the East, and a great king will fall” - words that can be interpreted in any way.
The Bible code contains information as accurate as CNN news: Rabin's full name, the killer's name, the year of death - and everything except Amir's name was discovered before the murder took place. Especially for skeptics who see the predictions of the Gulf War and the assassination of Rabin as nothing more than coincidences, Rips gives the following example. If you toss a coin, half the time it will land on heads and half the time it will land on tails. If a coin, tossed twenty times, lands heads up all twenty times, it means that it has been artificially changed so that one of its edges always outweighs. The odds of an ordinary coin landing on heads twenty times in a row on its own is one in a million. “The Bible is like this altered coin,” says Rips, “it is also “weighted.”
But if Rips is right and the Bible really does contain an encrypted prediction of the future, then modern science simply cannot explain this fact.
It is not surprising that many modern scientists greeted the message about the Bible code with hostility. One of them, the Australian statistician Abraham Hasofer, came out with a refutation of the theory of the biblical cipher even before Rips's work was published and before mathematical proof of the existence of the code appeared. “Such things inevitably happen in fairly large amounts of information. A sequence of letters and numbers in which meaningful combinations do not occur is as impossible to find as a cloud without a shape,” he said. Rips believes that his critic says this only because he has not seen with his own eyes how the biblical code “works.”
“Of course, you can find meaningful words that have arisen by chance almost everywhere,” Rips argues, “in any sufficiently large text you will find the letters that make up the name “Saddam Hussein,” but to have the words “Russian missiles” and the date of the start of the war nearby... Take a text of even a hundred thousand, even a hundred million letters - you will not find such information anywhere except in the Bible... Most of humanity believes that the Bible is just ancient folklore, that only science provides a reliable picture of reality. Others say, "that the Bible as the word of God must be true, and therefore science is wrong. I think that when we understand both knowledge well enough, religion and science will merge together and we will get the Unified Field Theory."
Bible Levels
We have always thought of the Bible as a book. Now we know that this was only her first incarnation. The Bible has now become a computer program that the author has designed to be interactive and always changing.
Perhaps the Bible encodes a whole series of revelations, each of which is intended for a time with certain technologies. The information may be contained there in a form that we simply cannot yet imagine, and these “texts” might seem to us something as mysterious as something like a computer would have seemed mysterious three thousand years ago.
Rips himself believes that the Bible code should be likened to a hologram rather than a crossword puzzle. Today's technology allows us to perceive only two-dimensional models of the biblical code, but it is quite possible that three dimensions are needed to fully read it. So far no one has been able to explain how the code was created. Mathematicians agree on one thing: to create it, you need a mind much more powerful than the fastest supercomputers of our time. A computer program is almost certainly not the last form the Bible will take. Its next incarnation may already exist, waiting for us to invent a machine capable of solving it. No one yet knows whether the Bible contains information about each of us, about our past and future, whether this Book of Life is inscribed with the names of everyone living and who have lived, but all significant historical figures and all great historical events are already reflected in it at the level of decryption that we have achieved now.
The Bible, deciphered using the Rips method, contains the names of all political leaders during World War II: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin, Hitler. The words "America", "revolution" and the date "1776" appear side by side, just as Napoleon's name is accompanied by the words "France", "Waterloo" and "Elbe". “Russia”, “revolution” and “1917” also appear together... The names of great artists and writers, inventors and scientists from antiquity to the present day are also encrypted in the Bible. When searching for the name "Homer", the words "Greek poet" are found nearby. The name “Shakespeare” stands next to “presented on stage”, “Hamlet”, “Macbeth”... Together with the names of Beethoven and Bach, the line “German composer” appears, together with the name of Rembrandt - “Dutch artist”...
Every significant step in the development of technology is reflected in the encrypted Scripture: the name "Edison" is accompanied by the words "electricity" and "light bulb", next to the names of Newton and Einstein - two scientists who determined our perception of the Universe - their greatest discoveries are mentioned. Newton, who explained the structure of the solar system, is "marked" with the word "attraction", and next to Einstein's name are the words "science", "new understanding" and the phrase "He overturned existing reality." There is also the word “theory of relativity” in the transcript of Scripture. So, it is quite possible that the unified field theory, which eluded Einstein, is encrypted in the Bible, especially since next to the words “theory of relativity” and “Einstein” the same phrase appears twice: “Add a fifth.”
Perhaps the knowledge that Einstein sought will be found not in the three spatial dimensions we are familiar with, and not in the fourth dimension Einstein added - time, but in the fifth dimension, which, according to quantum physicists, must exist. “All ancient religious texts,” notes Rips, “state the presence of a fifth dimension. They call it “the depth of good and the depth of evil.”
Beyond space and time...
“Time,” said Einstein, “is not at all what it seems. Time does not flow, and the future exists simultaneously with the past.”
The poet Thomas Eliot said: “The present and the past may live in the future, and the future is contained in the past.”
If we assume that God exists or existed, there is no question of how one can know what will happen three thousand years from now. The Creator is not bound by the boundaries of space or time. For people there is no future yet, but the Creator can see the entire Universe in a single moment - from the beginning to the end of days. But another question arises: do we have one, predetermined future or are there several possible futures? In other words, knowing in advance that Kennedy or Yitzhak Rabin were to be assassinated, could the assassination be prevented?
And while the secrets of the Bible code are just being revealed to people, there is no firm answer to this question. But it is quite possible that the future is not cast from iron, but is subject to the famous uncertainty principle formulated by quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics does not assume one specific scenario for the development of a situation, but several options with varying degrees of probability.
In the end, materialistic science - based on its current understanding of the world - cannot explain the phenomenon of the biblical code. If the Mind, located outside the system, outside our three dimensions and outside time, has encrypted some message, the code does not necessarily have to correspond to our ideas and the laws of nature that we have discovered. It is worth recognizing that we are not alone, that besides the human mind, there is another Mind and all our ideas about the world must be revised. Einstein never believed that what happens to our Universe and to us is accidental and that the human mind is the only mind in the Universe.
Is the Bible code proof of the existence of God? For Rips, the answer is a clear yes. But Rips believed in God before he discovered the code, and for those who did not believe, now there is the first evidence that He exists, obtained in a rational, logical way, free from mysticism and speculation. No human could have encrypted the Bible this way. We have the first scientific proof that there is, at least there was at the time the Bible was written, some Intelligence other than human.
If reports of the Rabin assassination, the Gulf War, and the Shoemaker-Levy collision with Jupiter were encoded in the Bible, only a mind very different from ours could have done so.
The Bible code forces us to accept as fact that we are not alone in the Universe - exactly what the “open” Bible asked us to believe.
We have forgotten that the Bible is the most famous book about “close encounters of the third kind,” and the long-awaited contact with non-human intelligence by many of us has already happened, and a very long time ago. According to the Bible, this happened when a voice spoke to Abraham from nowhere. This happened again when Moses spoke to a voice coming from a burning thorn bush. The Bible code is actually what scientists have been looking for for a long time - an "extraterrestrial artifact or message." Physicist Davis suggested that the “extraterrestrial artifact” could be “programmed in such a way as to appear only when civilization on Earth reaches a certain level of development.” This definition accurately describes the situation with the Bible code - it is equipped with a time lock, people were able to discover it only after the invention of the computer. Speaking about the “extraterrestrial artifact,” Davis very accurately describes the biblical encryption: “And then you can enter into a dialogue with the artifact, like with a modern interactive computer terminal ... Such a device - an extraterrestrial time capsule - could store a huge amount of important for us information."
So, the “artifact” was always at hand. It was contained in the most popular book in the world. We just never knew what it really was.
What was given to Moses on Mount Sinai was an interactive database that until recently we had no access to.
First it was carved on stone tablets, then hand-copied on parchment, and finally took the form of a printed book, patiently waiting for humanity to develop enough to invent a computer and read prophecies hidden until time. Now we have the opportunity to read what was intended for us from the very beginning. But here's a little cold water...
Bible inside out
Imagine that the future can be predicted. Moreover, it can be predicted systematically, using the Bible as a collection of codes from God. Imagine that they are not writing about this in the tabloid press - but in serious, respected academic publications... Now imagine a lot of money that the publishers of the book “The Bible Code” earned. This book, written by Michael Drosnin, according to the publishers, should “completely change our ideas about the world.” This book tells the story of a code solved by the Israeli mathematician Eliyahu Rips, through which astonishing predictions can be extracted from the Torah (which is related to the Christian Old Testament). The decrypted messages predicted the Gulf War and Bill Clinton's victory in the 1992 election. Blood runs cold - along with the name of Yitzhak Rabin, the words "murderer who will kill" were deciphered - a year before Rabin was assassinated. And this is just the beginning. Drosnin predicts several ominous future events and suggests that the code may be that “secret book” that is promised to humanity in the book of the prophet Daniel and Revelation. Such a mixture of Holy Scripture, Jewish mysticism, cyber sorcery and fear of the year 2000 and the end of the millennium could not help but end up in the cinema - the Warner Bros. film company purchased the rights to shoot a documentary film based on the book.
But what was not contained in the encrypted prophecy was Rips’ reaction to the release of Drosnin’s book. In a fax, a respected Hebrew University professor demolished Drosnin's work, calling attempts to use the code to predict the future "futile." Drosnin, for his part, states that he prefers the word "speculation" to the word "prediction", but continues to argue that people are just beginning to understand "this new scientific discovery."
Rips's discovery is the latest in a long line of attempts to interpret the biblical text from a mystical point of view and using numbers and numbers. For hundreds of years, this method of prediction was practiced by rabbis: each letter was assigned a certain numerical value, and those words whose numbers matched were considered related. In the fifties of the last century, several interpreters revived the type of interpretation that used the “sequence of equidistant letters” - the folding of letters separated from each other by the same number of letters. The use of computers only brought this method to a new stage. Not all mathematicians speak favorably of Rips' work. One of them, Mackay, in order to subvert Rips's assumptions, applied the method of "equidistant letters" to the text of the UN Convention on the Seas. The result is several "hidden" sentences, including, for example, this one: "Listen to the law of the sea." The probability of these words appearing during decoding, according to McKay's calculations, is ninety-five out of a million, but it is unlikely that anyone would argue that a divine author put this phrase into the document.
