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A film about the fourth righteous caliph, the ruler of the faithful, Ali ibn Abu Talib.

ORIGIN OF 'ALI
'Ali bin Abu Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, was the son of the uncle of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, the husband of his daughter Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her, one of the righteous caliphs and one of the ten who were promised paradise . His father's name is 'Abd Manaf bin 'Abd al-Muttalib bin Hashim bin 'Abd Manaf. ‘Ali received the nickname “Abu-s-sibtein” (father of two grandchildren), that is, the father of the grandchildren of the prophet, may Allah bless him and welcome him, al-Hasan and al-Hussein. Kunya ‘Ali - Abu-l-Hasan (father of al-Hasan). In addition, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) gave him the nickname “Abu Turab”. It is reported that Sahl bin Sa'd, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
- (Once, when) the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, came to the house of Fatimah, he did not find ‘Ali there and asked: “Where is your uncle’s son?” (Fatima) replied: "We quarreled, and he got angry with me and left, refusing to sleep with me during the day." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) told a man: “Look where he is.” (After a while this man) returned and said: "O Messenger of Allah, he is sleeping in the mosque." Then the Messenger of Allah, & , came there (and saw) that the cloak of ‘Ali fell from his side, and he himself lay dirty with dust. And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, began to shake off the dust from him, saying: “Get up, O Abu Turab, get up, O Abu Turab!”

KAK'ALI ADOPTS ISLAM
‘Ali was the first child to convert to Islam. At that time, he lived in the care of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who raised him and took care of him in order to help his uncle relieve the burden of caring for children. ‘Ali stayed in the house of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) even after the beginning of the prophecy. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) called him to Islam and ‘Ali believed in him when he was 8 or 10 years old.

QUALITIES OF 'ALI
‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, was distinguished by his knowledge and intelligence and gained fame for his eloquence, courage, courage, devotion and steady fulfillment of his obligations. He shunned the splendor of this world, liked to retire at night and preferred simple clothes and coarse food. He treated religious people with respect, was close to the poor, and addressed this world with these words: “Your life is short, your society is contemptible, and your value is insignificant. Oh, oh, how few supplies, how long the way and how deserted it is!

MERITS 'ALI
The merits of 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) are numerous, as indicated by the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "You are from me, and I am from you", as well as the words of 'Umar bin al-Khattab, may he be pleased them Allah: "The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, died, remaining pleased with him."
Sahl bin Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that on the day of Khaybar he heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: ) win.
(Sahl, may Allah be pleased with him, said
− (Hearing this, the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) got up (from their places and dispersed, and each) hoped that (the banner would be handed over) to him, and in the morning they went (to the Prophet, may Allah bless him) Allaah (peace and blessings be upon him) and each of them wanted (the flag) to be handed to him, but he asked: “Where is 'Ali?” They told him that his eyes hurt, and he ordered to call ‘Ali to him. (When he came, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) spat in his eyes, and he immediately recovered, as if nothing had happened to him.

And then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) presented ‘Ali with a banner, and through him Allah granted the Muslims victory.

Like other worthy companions, ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, was ready to sacrifice his own life and his property for the sake of the Islamic call. He was the first who intended, if necessary, to sacrifice himself for the sake of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. It was he who, knowing that the polytheists conspired to kill the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), lay down in his bed on the night when the prophet left Mecca with Abu Bakr. ‘Ali took part in all the military campaigns of the Muslims, with the exception of the campaign against Tabuk.

'ALI'S REIGN
After the assassination of 'Uthman, the Muslims elected 'Ali as caliph, who began to refuse this and expressed a desire to be a wazir, not a caliph. However, other companions insisted on their own, trying to get out of the difficult situation in which they found themselves. The fact is that after the unjust murder of 'Uthman, the rebels not only became masters of the situation in Medina, but also threatened to kill the members of the council (shura), the most prominent companions and all the Muhajirs who they could capture if they did not find anyone who would agree to become Caliph. They said: “Beware, O inhabitants of Medina! We give you two days and we swear by Allah that if you do not resolve this issue, then the next day we will certainly kill ‘Ali, Talha, al-Zubair and many other people! When the Ansar and the Muhajirs insisted, ‘Ali considered it his duty to fulfill their request and obeyed. On Saturday, the 19th Dhu-l-Hijj, he appeared at the mosque and climbed the minbar, after which the Muhajirs and the Ansar took an oath to him. Among those who took the oath were al-Zubayr bin al-‘Awwam and Talha bin ‘Ubaydullah.

MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS RELATED TO 'ALI'S RULE
It was pleasing to Allah that the turmoil continued after the murder of 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, when its new waves, raised with the help of the machinations and cunning of the enemies of Islam, became a test for Muslims, but His wisdom is manifested in the predestination of Allah, and He knows the predestined And
After taking the oath, ‘Ali took the following steps:
1. ‘Ali removed those governors of ‘Uthman who complained about people, as well as those who did not agree with the policy of the new Caliph.
2. ‘Ali decided to postpone the punishment of the killers of ‘Uthman until his power was strengthened and he enlisted the support of Muslims from different provinces of the Caliphate

THE ATTITUDE OF SOME COMPANIONS TO THE STEPS OF ‘ALI
Some of the governors obeyed the order to remove them, but there were also those who disapproved of this. Among them was the governor of Sham, Mu'awiya bin Abu Sufyan, although he recognized the advantage of 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both.
The reason for his disobedience was that he insisted on the need to reward criminals with equals (qisas) before taking the oath, which marked the beginning of the controversy. Thus, everything that happened between Ali and Mu'awiya was the result of attempts to find an independent solution, and not a consequence of Mu'awiya's struggle for power. That is why the followers of Sunnah and Agreement believe that both of them will receive a reward, but the reward of the one who was right will be double, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “If the judge decides with diligence, and ( his decision) turns out to be correct, he (requires) a double reward, but if he makes a decision, showing diligence, and makes a mistake, then he (requires one) reward.
The haters of Islam took advantage of these differences and resulted in two regrettable battles between Muslims, in which representatives of each side stood up for what seemed right to them.
The first was the so-called “camel battle”, which took place in 36 AH / 56 AD. The reason for it was that 'Aisha, Talha and al-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased with them all, accompanied by many people, went to Basra, desiring to achieve reconciliation and an end to the turmoil that arose after the election of the caliph 'Ali. They did so because the Quran says: “There is no good in many of their secret conversations, unless someone calls for giving alms, doing what is right, or reconciling people with each other.
Upon learning that ‘Aisha was heading for Basra, ‘Ali, at the head of his troops, went out to meet her, wanting to achieve reconciliation. An indication of this is that when someone asked ‘Ali: “What do you want and where are you going?” - he replied: "As for our desires and intentions, they consist in reconciliation, if those who are with Aisha agree with this." The man asked, "What if they don't agree?" ‘Ali said: “We will listen to their excuses, pay tribute to them and leave.” The man asked, "What if they don't agree?" ‘Ali said: “We will not touch them until they touch us.” The man asked, "What if they don't leave you alone?" ‘Ali said: “We will defend ourselves against them.” The man said, "Then fine!" After some time, Ali met with Aisha and those who were with her. At this meeting, they reached an understanding, after which both armies spent the night peacefully in their camps. However, those who kindled the fire of unrest, namely ‘Abdullah bin Saba’ and his henchmen feared that if the parties finally came to an agreement, this would endanger their security. At dawn they divided into two groups, one of which attacked Ali's camp and the other attacked Aisha's camp. In both camps, people who thought they had been deceived grabbed their weapons, and a fierce battle broke out between them. It continued until the camel on which ‘Aisha was sitting in a palanquin was cut off the hamstrings. Her supporters dispersed and the fight was over. As for ‘Aisha, she returned to Mecca after ‘Ali, who provided her with everything necessary, accompanied her on foot to the outskirts of Medina, and ‘Aisha’s brother, Muhammad bin Abu Bakr, and his children accompanied her during the day’s journey.
The second of the battles that resulted from the aforementioned differences, which were used by the haters of Islam, was the battle of Siffin. We have already mentioned the reason for these differences earlier. Before the battle of Siffin, the supporters of ‘Ali and Mu’awiya, may Allah be pleased with them both, exchanged messages for six months, and this fact is a convincing proof that both of them did not strive for battle, but for reconciliation. The beginning of the battle was preceded by the following events:
1. Skirmishes between the parties that occurred because of water sources. In the struggle for these sources, which were under the control of the soldiers of Mu'awiya, the supporters of ‘Ali won, who managed to push the Syrians back. However, after that, ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, allowed the soldiers of Mu’awiya to take water.
2. After this, clashes between the parties continued with varying degrees of success. No one could achieve a decisive victory, although some advantage was still on the side of ‘Ali. Despite the battle that lasted for more than one day, the soldiers of the opposing sides met with each other at night and had conversations.

END OF BATTLE AND BLOODSHED
People who had sincere intentions feared that as a result of all these events the Muslims would destroy each other, they wanted to save them and sought to end the battle. ‘Amr bin al-‘As, may Allah be pleased with him, thought about this for a long time, and in the end, the thought of an arbitration court came to his mind. He shared his thoughts with Mu'awiya, who was very pleased with this proposal. After that, his soldiers attached the scrolls of the Koran to the spears and raised them. The warriors of ‘Ali stopped fighting with them, and the fight stopped, but when the decision of the arbitration court was made, all the soldiers returned to their homes.

THE DEATH OF 'ALI, may Allah be pleased with him
'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, died on the 17th of Ramadan 40 AH / 661, having received a mortal wound, which was inflicted on him by one of the Kharijites named 'Abd ar-Rahman bin Muljam, who decided that due to the murder of the ruler of the faithful, he will draw near to Allah. During the Hajj in 39 AH. ‘Abd al-Rahman bin Muljam met in Mecca with two of his associates, and they began to recall everything that had happened between the Muslims, saying: “Oh, if only we could kill the leaders of the erring ones and rid the country of them!” ‘Abd ar-Rahman bin Muljam said: “I will deliver you from ‘Ali.” His accomplice al-Bara bin ‘Abdullah said: “I will deliver you from Mu’awiya”, and ‘Amr bin Bakr said: “And I will deliver you from ‘Amr bin al-‘As”. After that, they agreed that all this would happen in one night, and ‘Abd ar-Rahman bin Muljam managed to mortally wound ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, with a poisoned sword, when ‘Ali went to morning prayer, exclaiming: "Prayer, prayer!" As for his associates, they failed to kill either Mu'awiya or 'Amr bin al-'As. May Allah show great mercy to the Commander of the Faithful and may He reward him with good!

YEAR OF ASSOCIATION
After the death of 'Ali, the Iraqis swore allegiance to al-Hasan bin 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both. After some time, rumors reached Mu'awiya that al-Hasan was gathering troops to continue the war with him, and decided, just in case, to also collect his forces. It is reported in Sahih al-Bukhari that al-Hasan al-Basri said:
- Al-Hasan led his detachments like mountains to Mu'awiya. ‘Amr bin al-‘As exclaimed: “Verily, only those like them can resist them!” In response, Muawiyah said: “Hey, ‘Amr, if these kill those, and those kill these, then who will take care of all my affairs?” After that, he sent to al-Hasan 'Abd ar-Rahman bin Samur and 'Abdullah bin 'Amir, Quraysh from the clan of Banu 'Abd Shams. He told them: "Go to this man, talk to him and offer to make peace." They came to al-Hasan and began to speak with him, inviting him to peace. To this, al-Hasan bin ‘Ali said to them: “Verily, we are the descendants of ‘Abd al-Muttalib, and we have got riches, and this community will soon choke in its own blood!” Then they said: “Muawiya offers you such and such and asks you to accept his proposals.” Al-Hasan asked: "And who will guarantee me for this?" They answered: “We”, after which he no longer asked them anything, made concessions and agreed to make peace.
Thus ended the turmoil, and Allah led the Muslims to reconciliation, which became possible thanks to the intelligence and piety of al-Hasan bin ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him. All this served as a confirmation of the words of the prophet, may Allah bless him and welcome him, which are given in the Sahih of al-Bukhari. Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, reported:
- I saw (who was) on the minbar the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, next to whom (stood) al-Hasan bin 'Ali, and (the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) looked at the people, then on (Al-Hasan), saying: “Indeed, this son of mine is a Sayyid, and it may happen that through him Allah will lead to reconciliation of two large groups of Muslims.”

— Sunni: it is written in our books that Abu Talib died a disbeliever.

- Shiite: In our opinion, Abu Talib was a Muslim, a believer, and the ancestor of Ali ibn Abi Talib and all Muslim Imams (peace be upon them) could not be a Kafir.

- Sunni: if so, why are there many verses in which he is called infidel?

- Shiite: "Guilt" of Abu Talib consisted only in the fact that he was the father of Imam Ali (A), and the enemies of Imam Ali (A), and especially Muawiya, gave thousands of thousands of dinars from the treasury of Muslims to people without conscience and faith, so that they invented and spread slander about him. Among such people was the liar Abu Hureyra, who invented the following hadith: “The Prophet (S), dying, gave the order to cut off Ali’s hand” (Sharh nahj ul-balaga, Ibn Abi Hadid, volume 1, p. 358). Thus, "Abu Talib's shirk" was invented by liars for political reasons.

- Sunni: in the Koran, sura "Cattle", verse 26, it says: "They keep others from him, and they themselves shun him." According to some of our scholars, this verse refers to Abu Talib, who supported the Messenger of Allah (S), but shunned his path.

- Shiite: firstly, the meaning of this verse is different, and secondly, even if it had such a meaning, where is Dalil that it refers specifically to Abu Talib?

- Sunni: Daleel is that Sufyan Suri narrated from Habib ibn Abi Thabit from Ibn Abbas: “This verse says about Abu Talib, because he protected the Messenger of Allah (S) from people, but he himself did not accept Islam” (tafsir Ibn Kasira, volume 2, p. 128).

— Shiite: In response, I want to give several arguments. Firstly, the meaning of the above verse is completely different. This verse must be taken along with those that come before and after it:

“Among them there are those who listen to you, but We threw veils over their hearts so that they could not understand it, and We struck their ears with deafness. Whatever sign they see, they will still not believe in it, and therefore, when they come to you to quarrel with you, the unbelievers say: “These are just the tales of the ancient peoples” ”(6: 25).
AND:
“If only you could see them when they are stopped before the Fire. They will say: “Oh, if only we were brought back! We would not consider the signs of our Lord a lie and would become believers!”
Oh no! What they had hidden before was revealed to them. If they were returned back, they would certainly return to what was forbidden to them. Indeed, they are liars.
They say: "There is only our worldly life and we will not be resurrected” (6:27-29).

From this it is clear that the above verse refers to the unbelievers in general, and its meaning is: "they keep others from the Messenger of Allah, and they themselves do not follow him."

Secondly, the verse says: يَنْأَوْنَ (“keep aside”), which has the meaning of distance, while Abu Talib was always near the Messenger (S).

Thirdly, regarding the narration from Ibn Abbas: it is given from Sufyan Suri, who, even according to Sunni scholars, is a liar and an unreliable transmitter (Mizan ul-iatidal, p. 398). It was narrated from Ibn Mubarak that Sufyan passed off the truth for a lie, and a lie for the truth (Tahdhib ut-tahdhib, volume 4, p. 115).

Further, this hadith is “mursal” (does not have a complete chain of transmitters), because there should be several more people in the chain from Habib to Ibn Abbas, but they are not.
It is known that Ibn Abbas was confident in the iman of Abu Talib - then how could he convey that Abu Talib remained an unbeliever?

The hadith above says that this verse was sent down only in relation to Abu Talib, while in the verse itself the plural is used:

According to some scholars, this verse refers to the uncles of the Prophet (S). The Prophet (S) had ten uncles, of which three - Hamza, Abbas and Abu Talib - converted to Islam and became believers, and therefore this verse does not apply to them.

Another argument is that the Prophet (S) always kept aloof from his disbelieving uncles like Abu Lahab, but with Abu Talib he maintained a special close relationship until his death, and even gave the year of his death as "amul khuzn" - Year of Sorrow. At his funeral he said:

«و ابتاه! و احزناه علیك كنت عندك بمنزله العین من الحدقه و الرّوح من الجسد
“Oh father! How sad is your loss! Near you I was like an eye in a pupil, like a spirit in a body!” (“Ghadir”, Volume 7, “Abu Talib Muminu Quraysh”, S. 303-311).

How could the Prophet (S) speak about the mushrik like that, comparing himself with the spirit in his body and with the eye in his pupil, and mourn for him at his death, while a huge number of verses of the Qur'an calls to move away from the unbelievers?! We say it's impossible.

Ali ibn Abu Talib (r.a.) is one of the most respected Muslims who made a great contribution to the history of the development of Islam. Many fateful moments of the first years of the spread of the religion of Allah are connected with his personality.

Full name Ali(p.a.) sounds like Ali ibn Abd Manaf ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf al-Qurayshi. Due to the fact that his father bore the nickname "Abu Talib", Ali was more often added to the name of Ali - Ali ibn Abu Talib(p.a.). In addition, he still had several of his own nicknames - Haydar ("lion"), Murtada ("deserving contentment"). The latter was given to him by the Prophet himself Muhammad(s.g.v.).

Biography of Ali

The date of birth of the 4th Righteous Caliph falls approximately in the year 599 (according to Miladi). According to some sources, he was born inside the Kaaba, which is an extraordinary event, since the history of another similar case does not know. Ali's father - Abu Talib - was the brother of the father of the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) - Abdullah. After Muhammad (pbuh) lost his parents, he was brought up in the family of Abu Talib. When he married Khadije(r.a.), Ali (r.a.) has already begun to be brought up in their family.

Ali is the first child to convert to Islam. He did it at the age of ten. In this regard, some sources call him the first man who believed in the mission of Muhammad (s.g.v.). However, there are certain disagreements on this issue - someone gives the palm to Zayd ibn Harith (r.a.), others talk about Abu Bakr (r.a.).

With regard to the heritage of Ali (r.a.), Muslims, unfortunately, do not have a common opinion. Disputes about his role in the formation of Islam and the development of the ummah after the death of the Prophet (S.G.V.) spilled over into a large-scale one, the manifestations of which can be observed with renewed vigor at the present time.

Virtues of the fourth righteous caliph

1. During the resettlement of the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.v.) from Mecca to Medina Ali (r.a.) to save his cousin decided to sacrifice himself and went to sleep in his place. Fortunately, he managed to avoid death, but the very fact of such an action speaks of the degree of respect that Ali (r.a.) showed to the Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.).

2. Mercy of the worlds Muhammad (s.g.v.) brought up Ali (r.a.). There were family ties between them along several lines at once. On the one hand, they were cousins ​​to each other. On the other hand, Ali (r.a.) married the daughter of the Prophet (s.g.v.) - Fatima. In addition, the Final Messenger of God (s.g.v.) often emphasized the level of Ali (r.a.) knowledge of religious issues, his ability to understand the deepest and, accordingly, difficult problems of religion.

3. In the collection of hadiths of the imam Muslimah you can find a saying in which the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.v.) compares Ali (r.a.) withHarun (a.s.), who was the viceroy Musa(a.s.). The essential difference here is that Muhammad (pbuh) is the Final messenger, after which the teachings of the Almighty will no longer be corrected through a new prophetic mission. This hadith is often used by the Shiites to justify their vision of Ali (r.a.) as the heir of Muhammad (s.g.v.) and the main contender for the post of caliph. Some Shiites take a very radical position and reject the right of the three righteous caliphs who preceded Ali (r.a.) to occupy the post of head of the Muslim state. However, most Islamic theologians do not agree with this position. They note that Harun (a.s.) was the governor of Musa (a.s.) during his lifetime. If we follow this logic, then the right to the caliphate should be possessed to a greater extent Abdullah ibn Maktoum, which the Prophet Muhammad (S.G.V.) often left instead of himself for the manager in Medina. It is also noteworthy that Harun (a.s.) died before Musa (a.s.). That is, in this case it is impossible to build a direct analogy with Ali (r.a.) and Muhammad (s.g.v.).

5. Ali (r.a.) was among those ten Muslims to whom Paradise was promised more (according to the hadiths from Ahmad, Tirmidhi, and ibn Maji).

Ali's death

Ali ibn Abu Talib (r.a.) died at the age of 63 after being attacked by a Kharijite Abdurrahman ibn Muljim. This happened on Friday, the 21st day of the month of Ramadan. At the time of the murder, the fourth righteous caliph of Islam was busy waking up Muslims for morning prayers. He was buried in the city of An-Najaf (the Muslim cemetery of this city is shown in the photo) located in present-day Iraq. At present, on the site of his grave, there is a mosque bearing the name of Ali himself (r.a.). His reign lasted 4 years.

Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was an outstanding politician, public figure, a great commander, beloved and loving husband and father, cousin of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and His son-in-law. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called him Abu Turab (father of the earth) and Haidar.

Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was born when Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was thirty years old, in the Holy Kaaba - in Mecca. This happy event happened on Friday, the 13th of the month of Rajab. Ali's father (may Allah be pleased with him) was Abu Talib, the son of Abdul Mutalib, and his mother was Fatimah, the daughter of Asad.

The birth of this boy was very amazing. No one before this was honored to be born in the house of Allah - the Kaaba. Strange things happened to his mother during pregnancy: the child, while still in the womb, protected the mother from everything haram. She stopped worshiping idols and became a very religious woman. Yazeed ibn Kanab said: “I was sitting next to the Kaaba with Abbas ibn Abdul Mutalib and several people from the clan of Abd al-Uzza when Fatima bint Asad approached us. She was nine months pregnant. Coming closer to the Kaaba, Fatima exclaimed: “O Allah! I believe in You and in what Your prophets have said and in the books sent down to them. I confirm the words of my ancestor Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him). He built this Haram. For the sake of Him and for the sake of this child that is in me, ease my birth!” We saw with our own eyes how the back wall parted Holy Kaaba, Fatima entered, and at that time the wall moved again. We rushed to open the doors of the Kaaba, but then we realized that there is Wisdom in this and everything happened by the will of Allah. Four days later, Fatimah bint Asad left the Kaaba with a baby in her arms.

Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) Fatima bint Asad also considered his mother, because He grew up in their family and was raised by Fatima and Abu Talib. It is said that when Fatimah bint Asad died, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed Umar ibn Khattab, Usamat ibn Zayd, Abu Ayub al-Ansari and several slaves of Aswad (may Allah be pleased with them) to dig the grave. They were digging a grave in Bucky's cemetery. When they finished digging, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) descended into the grave and began to dig the niche of the grave himself. After that, he himself lay down in the grave and began to humbly ask Allah: “O Allah, forgive the sins of my mother Fatima, daughter of Asad, for the sake of Your Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), for the sake of all previous prophets (peace be upon them).” After praying to the Almighty Rasulullah (peace and blessings be upon him), he took off his shirt and put it on Fatima like a shroud. The astonished companions asked: “O Messenger of Allah, what is the wisdom of this act?” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “I lay down in the grave so that she would not squeeze Fatima, but put on a shirt so that she would get a paradise dress.”

There was a drought in Mecca, agriculture and cattle breeding fell into decay, famine began. Ali's father, Abu Talib, had a particularly difficult time because he had a large family. Seeing the position of his uncle, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wanted to help him. Not knowing how and with what to help, he consulted with Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him). They both came to consensus that each of them will take one child of Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) to his upbringing and maintenance. When they came with this proposal to Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), he immediately agreed. So Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) took Jafar to him, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) got Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).

Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), brought up by the Best Creation of the Almighty, differed from his peers in wit, deep knowledge in the field of Islam. He was the son, brother and support in everything for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) himself said to Ali: "You are for me, as Harun is for Musa (peace be upon them)." Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) converted to Islam at the age of ten. He was the first boy to convert to Islam. He was the same boy who went to the bed of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when the Quraish wanted to kill him, and thereby helped the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to leave Mecca.

Even in his youth, he was respected, even older than his age, by relatives, relatives and other companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Once Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) saw Ali sleeping in a mosque on damp ground. Then he woke him up with the words: "Get up, Abu Turab (father of the earth)", and since then some have called him Abu Turab.

After moving to Medina, the Ansar (inhabitants of Medina) fraternized with the Muhajir (inhabitants of Mecca), and then Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet and said: “O Rasulullah, to whom will I be a brother?” To which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “You are my brother!” Everyone knows that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was also the husband of the beloved daughter of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her).

Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was one of the most courageous and strong warriors of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). There is also a case after which he was called the Lion of Allah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at the Battle of Khaybar, holding a banner in his hands, addressed the people: “The banner will be carried by a person whom Allah points out, whom Allah and His Prophet love and who loves Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him and blessing)". In the morning of the next day, all the askhabs, each of whom thought that the banner of Rasulullah would hand him, gathered around the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), but Ali (may Allah be pleased with Him) was not among them. "Where is Ali?" asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He was told that his eyes hurt. "Send for him!" - commanded the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When Ali, who from excruciating pain could not even open his eyes, appeared before him, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wet his eyes with his saliva. At this time, the pain of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) instantly disappeared, as if he had never been sick. After that, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) handed a banner to Abu Turab (may Allah be pleased with him). Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “I will try until they become like us.” To which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “Call them to Islam!” Khaibar was taken. Ali fought the best and was called the Lion of Allah.

The Arabs had such a custom: before the start of the battle, the entire army went out fighters who wanted a personal duel before the battle. At the battle of Badr, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was the standard-bearer of the Muslims. Immediately before the battle, he fought with one of the leaders of the Meccan pagans Walid ibn Mughira and killed him, then hurried to the aid of Abu Ubaida (may Allah be pleased with him) and killed his opponent. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a sword with a forked blade - "Zulfikar". After the victory at Badr, a sword, a shield and a camel were handed over to him as a trophy.

In the battle of Uhud, he personally defended the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), was injured. During the conquest of Mecca, he was the standard-bearer of the Muslim army and, together with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), crushed the idols of the Kaaba, then participated in the battles against the tribes of Havazan and Sakif.

Virtues of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and hadiths of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about him

The virtues of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) can be talked about endlessly. Ali ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) was very fond of his children - Hassan and Hussein (may Allah be pleased with them), because they were from the daughter of the Great Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). This man always tried his best to make sure they had a happy childhood. He always gathered them around him, played with them, presented them with various gifts. People even called him "the father of all orphans" - he always helped orphans and poor children.

Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) loved her husband very much. She obeyed him in everything. Peace and harmony reigned in their house. Nobody ever heard them even argue. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was the "sea of ​​knowledge". From Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) it is transmitted that in the Qur'an three hundred verses were revealed about Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).

All verses that begin with the words “I am ayyuha-l-lyazinnaamanu ...” are first addressed to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and then to everyone else. He also said: "Looking at Ali's face is worship, dislike for him is dislike for me." With these words, Rasulullah made it clear how dear Haydar is to him and how much Allah loves him. Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Ali is with the Koran, and the Koran is with Ali, and they will not part until we gather at Havz." In another hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) "Ray is in love with three people - they are Ali, Ammar and Salman." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also called Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) the imam of true Muslims and a fighter against the erring.

What a great and good-natured person Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was, says the following incident. A companion named Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) said that once, when they were in the mosque, a beggar came there and began to ask. Nobody gave him charity. The beggar raised both hands to the sky and turned to the Creator: "Here I am in the mosque of Your Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), and no one gave me alms." When the beggar said this, Ali-ashab (may Allah be pleased with him) performed namaz and was in a bow from the waist, on his right hand there was a ring. Being in a bow, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) held out to the beggar right hand. He immediately understood the meaning of this gesture and quickly removed the ring from his finger. This was seen by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who was in the mosque, and read a prayer for Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Just as Musa (peace be upon him) asked to make Harun (peace be upon him) vizier, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) to make his vizier. Rasul did not have time to finish the prayer, when Jabrail (peace be upon him) arrived with an ayat from the Almighty. This verse, sent down in response to the prayer of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), is in Surah Maidat. It says that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was made the vizier of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), just as Harun was made the vizier of Musa (peace be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also asked in a prayer that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) perceived and remembered everything he heard, and this prayer was accepted. After that, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) did not forget a single hadith that he heard from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) considered love or hatred for Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) as signs of faith or hypocrisy. Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): “The one who loves you will enter Paradise first, and the one who hates you will enter Hell.” From Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) a hadith was transmitted that they heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): “You are the leader in this world and in the next, love for you is love for me, and hatred for you is hatred for me.”

Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Ali ibn Abu Talib is the wisest among my people and the most intelligent in resolving disputes that will arise after me.”

Once, three people approached Ali ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) with a request to resolve one problem, which was related to the division of property between them and was very reminiscent of a mathematical problem. The property was 17 camels, and the difficulty was that the division should be uneven, and in accordance with the agreement of these people among themselves in the following proportion: 1/2 part - to the first; 1/3 part - the second and 1/9 - the third. Since 17 is not a multiple of two, three, or nine, the camel owners found themselves in a difficult position. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) immediately asked for another camel to be brought to him. Having added this camel to them, he divided them according to the requirements into two, three and nine, after which the first received nine camels, the second six, and the third two camels. And after each of them received his share, that 18th camel remained untouched and was returned back, since the sum of the received camels did not exceed 17: 9+6+2=17.

Once a Jew asked Abu Turab (may Allah be pleased with him) to name a number that would be divisible by all numbers up to ten. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) immediately advised him to multiply the total amount of the circumference by the number of days of the week to get the required amount. That is 360 degrees for 7 days. The resulting amount is 2520 and is divisible by all digits from one to ten:

The speed of thinking and answering a question, the quick wit and mind of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) are surprising.

Once a man came to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and shared that, by the will of Allah, both his wives gave birth on the same day, and both refused the girl. The father of newborn children did not know what to do and what wife to believe. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) advised taking breast milk from both wives in the same volume and weighing. The one whose milk turns out to be heavier is indeed the mother of the boy.

The same kind of story happened during the reign of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). Two women were brought to him with one child, and each of whom insisted that this was her baby. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) always addressed Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in difficult situations. And this case was no exception. Then he asked to bring a saw. The women asked in amazement: “Why did you suddenly need a saw?” “In this way I am going to carry out the“ section ”of the baby between you, so that each gets half,” said Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Suddenly, one woman could not stand it and with a request that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) did not do this, she said: “If there is no other solution, I cede my rights to her.” Assessing her deed, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) stated that it was she who was the mother of this baby, because only a real mother can be frightened by such a decision. The other later confessed to her act.

Umar-ashab (may Allah be pleased with him) himself said about him: "If it were not for Ali, then Umar would have disappeared." Although Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was much younger than Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), he was not equal in knowledge.

About how Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) became Caliph, and about the events that took place during the reign

After Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) became a martyr, it was necessary to find a person worthy to entrust him with the affairs of the Caliphate. The choice settled on Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). The son of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) Muhammad ibn al-Hanifiya reports that after the murder of Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), his father came to the house of Usman (may Allah be pleased with him) and locked the door behind him. People came and said: "Usman was killed, people need a caliph, we consider you the most worthy, take over the reign of the caliphate." “As a vizier, I will do you more good than as an amir,” Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) replied. But the people did not agree and did not accept his excuses, saying that they would not find a person more worthy than him. “If this is the case and you will not leave me alone, then the oath cannot be taken in secret. Let's gather people in the mosque of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), let them take the oath to whomever they want," suggested Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). They immediately went to the mosque, gathered people and together they swore allegiance to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Talhat ibn Ubaydullah was the first who, after swearing an oath, extended his hand to him. The hand of Talhat, extended first for the oath to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), was sick. Someone even remarked whether it would be happy for Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) to take an oath that began with a sore hand. Zubair ibn Avam also swore allegiance to him.

The people of Basra were very pleased with Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Thus, the affairs of the Caliphate fell on the shoulders of Ali, the son of Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). It is known that he never had a treasury, since he always distributed it to those in need. As soon as taxes (zakat) were collected, he immediately used them for their intended purpose. He even distributed grain to the poor. Ali ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) himself lived in poverty. His whole life was full of asceticism. At night he read the Koran. And as a caliph, he first of all asked to give greater value religion and the study of the Quran.

Death of Ali ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him)

In Mecca, three Khawarijites met secretly, each of whom undertook to kill one amir. Having concluded a strong agreement, they set off. According to the agreement, one of them went to Damascus, he undertook to kill Muawiyat. With one blow, he wounded Muawiyat, but the people caught the enemy. Muawiyat's wound healed and he survived. The captured enemy, who failed to kill Muawiyat, asked for mercy and told him the news that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had been killed at the same time, hoping that Muawiyat would be pleased. He was sure that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was killed, because they firmly intended to end the three rulers on the same day, at the same time. Muawiyat left the enemy alive until he learned for certain about the death of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). It is said that he let him go, cutting off his arms and legs as punishment, when he found out that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was indeed killed.

The second undertook to kill Amr ibn As. He went to Egypt, found Amr and planned to kill him, as he undertook when he went to pray. But that day, Amr fell ill and stayed at home, and Harijat went to pray instead of him. When he started the prayer (or already during the prayer), the damned one hit Harijat, mistaking him for Amr. The blow turned out to be accurate, Harijat died, and the killer, who made a mistake, was seized and taken to Amr. Amr asked him if he knew who he had killed. “People said it was Harijat,” he replied. Then Amr killed him, saying: "You wanted to kill Amr, but Allah wished the death of Harijat."

Ibn Muljim undertook to kill Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). This accursed one went to Kufa with the intention of killing Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Wandering the streets of Kufa, he stopped at the gate of the house where the wedding was being held. He spoke to one of the women leaving the house, named Kutam. She turned out to be a lonely woman. He spoke of marriage, and she said she would consult with her family. Later, Kutam came to him with an answer and demanded from him three thousand dirhams, one slave and one good maid. Ibn Muljim agreed to give whatever she asked. But Kutam had a different goal. “Instead of all of the above, you kill Ali, I need that,” Kutam said. "Is it possible?" Ibn Muljim asked. “If you can’t, leave,” she said. It turned out that in the war with the Khawarijites in Nahrawan, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) killed his father and brother Kutam. Although Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was not to blame for the murder of Kutam's father and brother, who died fighting against the legitimate imam, she still dreamed of avenging them. Then he opened up to her, saying that he had come with only one purpose - to kill Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Now they returned to this issue again and began to plot a plan to kill Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). She said that she would bring a man to help him, and persuaded her cousin Vardan to accompany Ibn Muljim. Kutam wanted Shabib ibn Majarat to also meet with Ibn Muljim and become an accomplice in the murder of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Long persuading him, she hardly persuaded him to go with them. They set up an ambush when Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was committing morning prayer, and together they struck him with their sabers. Shabib's blow came from above, and Ibn Muljim's blow fell right on the forehead and touched the brain. Having done this, the villains fled. Vardan tried to hide in his house, but they caught up with him and killed him.

Ibn Muljim fled, making his way among the people, brandishing his saber at everyone who looked back at him. Mugirat caught him, throwing clothes on him, lifted him up in his arms and hit him on the ground. He sat on his chest, took his saber and, humiliating him, put him in front of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). He ordered to feed Ibn Muljim, give him a bed and protect him. “If my days are not numbered and I remain alive, I will think for myself,” he briefly explained. “If I die, send him after me, I will deal with him on Arasat.”

So the ruler of the faithful spent Friday and Saturday. On Sunday night, he left this mortal world and set off on his journey to Ahirat. When Ali ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) was dying, he called his children to him and said to them: “I bequeath to you only piety. Hold on to the rope of Allah and do not be divided, and die only as Muslims. O children! Let it not intoxicate you that you are my children and grandchildren of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and let you not even think about being proud of your origin.

Hassan and Hussein washed his body and wrapped it in a shroud, Muhammad Hanifa stood by and poured water. They buried him late at night, and the grave was hidden. Some say she is in Najaf. Then Ibn Muljim was brought from the prison. Hasan hit him in the same place where he hit his father. After that, people attacked him and chopped him to pieces. The lion of Allah Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) died at the age of sixty-three. He was Caliph for four years and nine months.

Wise sayings of Ali ibn Abu Talib (may Allah be pleased with him)

1. “O Dunya! Don't get me drunk. I gave you three divorces!”

2. "If a person chases after something that is not important to him, he will be left empty-handed, missing the most important thing."

3. "When death overtakes, all the efforts of creatures are useless."

4. "The one who thinks a lot about the consequences will not become a brave hero."

5. "The tongue of an intelligent person is in the heart, but a fool's heart is in the tongue."

6. "When you defeat the enemy, forgive him and give praise to the Almighty."

7. “Knowledge elevates a low person, and ignorance belittles a noble one. The one who has the least knowledge is the least honored among people.

8. “Of the virtues of knowledge, it is enough that the unknowing one claims that he knows, and from the disadvantages of ignorance, it is enough that no one wants to be considered ignorant.”

9. "A full-fledged person is an alim (scientist) or a seeker of knowledge, the rest are not considered full-fledged."

10. “When grief overtakes, say: “La ħavla wa la ķ’uvvata illa billah”, and this will be enough. When you receive blessings, say: “Alhamdulillah”, and Allah will give you even more.”

11. "Friendship with bad people generates in the heart hostility to the good.

12. “If you consider small adversities as big, then you will be subjected to great trials.”

13. "This world and Ahirat are like the west and the east: if you approach one, you will move away from the other."

14. “Do not rejoice in what you have received in this world, and do not regret what you did not get.”

15. From the will of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) to his son Hasan: “Give your friend all your love, but still do not rely on him completely. Give him joy and share with him your heartfelt feelings and worries, but do not confide all your secrets to him.

Abu Talib ibn Abd al Mutalib (arab. أبو طالب بن عبد المطلب‎‎‎; 549 619) is the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad and the father of Imam Ali. Head of the Quraysh tribe. After the death of Muhammad's parents, Abu Talib took in his nephew to raise him. In turn, when Abu ... Wikipedia

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Books

• Ali ibn Abu Talib (+ CD-ROM), Fazl Allah Company. The book "Ali ibn Abu Talib" is devoted to a detailed description of the life of such an outstanding historical personality, as imam "Ali (a) - the leader of the faithful and the fourth caliph after the death of the Prophet ...
• Ali ibn Abu Talib , Kennedy D. The book "Ali ibn Abu Talib", authored by the famous Islamic scholar Fazlullah Kompany, is dedicated to a detailed description of the life of such an outstanding historical figure as Imam Ali (A), ...