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Babylonian captivity or Babylonian captivity - a period in the history of the Jewish people from 598 to 539 BC. e. The collective name for a series of forced migrations to Babylonia of a large part Jewish population Kingdom of Judah during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II.

This period ended with the return of part of the Jews to Judea after the conquest of Babylonia by the Persian king Cyrus the Great.

The Babylonian captivity was a turning point in the development of Jewish religious-national consciousness.

Babylonian captivity

In 586 B.C. e., after another uprising of Judah, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar (Nevuhadnezzar) stormed Jerusalem and destroyed it. The Babylonians brought a huge number of captives out of the country. Thus began the great captivity for the Jews, which lasted almost 70 years.

Over time, the mighty Babylonian power weakened and became an easy prey for the Persian kings. Nebuchadnezzar reigned for 45 years. He was succeeded by his son Avelmarduk (Evil Merodach), who reigned for 23 years.

His successor Belshazzar, entering the third year of his reign, counted the days with trepidation as the end of the seventieth year approached. And when these 70 years, as it seemed to him, expired, Belshazzar rejoiced - Babylon survived the fateful period, and Jerusalem was not restored!

In an effort to show his contempt for God, whom he no longer feared, he arranged a feast that went down in history as an example of a wild orgy. In honor of his celebration, he did something that even his grandfather did not dare. He took the vessels of the Temple from the treasury to use in his wild feast.

But Belshazzar made a mistake in his calculations and by morning he was killed by Darius, a Mede, and Darius' son-in-law Cyrus, a Persian.

Reign of Cyrus the Great

According to Jewish tradition, Darius offered the throne to Cyrus, but the latter refused. Darius reigned for a year, and Cyrus for less than 3 years. Thus, the prophecy of Daniel was fulfilled, according to which the Babylonian kingdom would pass first to Media, and then to Persia.

The new government was distinguished by religious tolerance. The Jews enjoyed considerable rights and self-government. The Persian king Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Judea and rebuild the Temple. For this, significant funds were allocated from the royal treasury, and temple valuables that had once been taken away by the Babylonians were also returned. The Decree of Cyrus was issued two years before Artaxerxes (Achashverosh) became king and four years before the events described in the Esther scroll.

Although Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to their homeland, only 42,000 of them responded to his call, the rest chose to remain in Persia. Work began on the restoration of the Temple, despite the raids of hostile tribes who lived near Jerusalem. Torah study was revived in Babylon, however, even among the most prominent representatives of the people there were those who asked if they should remain faithful to the union with God after He deprived them of the opportunity to live on His land.

Cyrus moved his capital to Susa (Shushan) in the land of Elam. However, in the last months of his reign, Cyrus changed his attitude towards the Jews and forbade new groups of exiles to return to. This obstacle caused despair among those who were already in Jerusalem, and work begun with such hopes was suspended. And yet the restoration of the Temple was not forbidden, although it met with more and more obstacles.

The policy of religious tolerance continued under the heirs of Cyrus.

Israeli-Palestinian relations have escalated again: kamikaze Arabs blow themselves up in crowded places of Jews. A wave of terrorist attacks swept through Israel. Palestinians are shelling Israeli houses, and the Israelis are destroying Palestinian houses in retaliation. This confrontation between the two fraternal peoples has been going on for more than three thousand years! And there is no end in sight. In order to understand why they kill each other, one must turn to history. To events that date back to biblical times.

Today, when interest in the Bible, which is sacred scripture for Jews and Christians, has increased unusually, many are wondering how much they can trust it and the events described there. Some, to which the orthodox belong (most of the theologians and preachers) declare that everything written in the Bible is true, and all biblical stories must be believed unconditionally. Others - a minority of theologians and preachers - say that the Bible is not a textbook of natural science or history, and not everything in it needs to be taken literally, that it contains many allegories and allegories. Finally, religious scholars believe that along with myths and legends, the Bible also reflects some historical events.

The so-called exodus of the Jews from Egypt allegedly belongs to the latter. Here is his brief history according to the chapter from the biblical "Second Book of Moses", which is called "Exodus". Once a small group of Jewish nomads (70 people), due to a protracted drought, approached the border with Egypt and turned to the pharaoh with a request to allow their cattle to graze in the Nile Delta in the meadows of the "land of Goshen". Pharaoh agreed and let them into his lands. Moreover, the period of stay on these lands was not specified in any way. Like, stay as long as you want. And the Jews stayed in the hospitable land of Egypt no less than ... 430 years.

By the beginning of the fifth century of their stay in Egypt, the attitude of the next pharaoh towards the Jews deteriorated sharply, and he, fearing that the Jews would not hit him in the back in the event of an attack by external enemies, took a number of measures to reduce the danger that had arisen. The Jews realized that they had to leave Egypt. Their leader Moses led the campaign, under whose leadership they left the country that sheltered them, having previously appropriated, at his direction (simply by stealing, which very well illustrates the religious morality of the spiritual leaders and the Jewish people of that period) the jewelry of the Egyptians (Exodus, 12: 35-36 ). Moreover, according to experts, the total number of Jews who left the land of Goshen amounted to more than three million (there were over 600 thousand soldiers alone - Numbers, 1:45). Moses led them to the "promised land" (that is, promised to them by God), which turned out to be Palestine - a territory already occupied by other peoples, besides related to the Jews. Apparently, the Jewish God did not know geography well, and therefore promised his people to allocate far from the best land on the planet - arid and infertile, although for a beloved people he could try and donate land in a more favorable place for agriculture, for example, at the mouth of the Nile.

The significance of this story for the Jewish people, its religion - Judaism and the religion that arose on its basis - Christianity, is extremely great. After all, if you follow this biblical story, then the entire history of the Jewish people is connected with these 70 settlers from Canaan. But for some reason, the Bible does not say where did they go and what is the fate of the hundreds of thousands of Jews who remained in Canaan. Apparently, because the history of the main part of the Jewish people was of no interest to the compilers and editors of the Tanakh (this is how the Jews call that part of the Bible, which the Christians called the Old Testament) was of no interest. Which, of course, is strange, as well as the fact that the great Jewish god Yahweh (aka Jehovah, also known as the Christian God-Father and also Islamic Allah) for some reason also did not pay attention to this obvious mistake of the writers in relation to the main part of the Jewish people and did not correct them. As a result, carried away by the fate of several dozen ancestors, the authors of the legend lost sight of the vast majority of their people. So those modern Jews who revere the Torah as a sacred book and consider it the true ancient history of their people simply do not know the whole history of it.

Since the Jews, and after them the Christians, recognize as sacred (and true) all biblical stories, the story of the "exodus" was no exception and also became sacred. Moreover, among the Jews, and at the same time among the majority of other Jews and Christians, it began to be regarded as central event in the history of the Jewish people. In honor of him, modern Jews annually celebrate the holiday "Pesach", converted by Christians into "Easter" (albeit celebrated on a completely different occasion). All Jewish and Christian textbooks and manuals for adults and children contain a colorful description of the "exodus" story. For example, it says that the Exodus is a "biblical historical event." The history of the "exodus" also ends up in secular publications and is also presented there as a true historical event -.

So modern Israel attaches great importance not to the true, but to the biblical history of the Jews. Evidence of this is the fact that the state flag of Israel flaunts a pentagram - the so-called Mogen Dovid - "Star of David". The two crossed triangles that form it are considered by the Israelis as a symbol of the uprising that their ancestors allegedly raised in Egypt before the exodus from this country. Meanwhile, this sign was borrowed by the Jews from the Assyrian king Kurigalsu III (X century BC), for whom he served as an amulet. The Jewish king David liked it so much that he decided to make it his coat of arms, and the Assyrian pentagram became the "Star of David", and now it has become a symbol of Israel.

The whole story that one of the pharaohs allegedly let a group of Jewish nomads stay on his lands, and 19 (!) subsequent pharaohs, out of pure humanity, contributed to the prosperity of the Jews in their country, is fiction from beginning to end. The pharaohs of ancient Egypt could not give such permission, as they were constantly at war with Palestine and Syria. At best, they would turn them into slaves - they did not need a "fifth column".

Thutmose I (1504 - 1492 BC) conquered Syria and Palestine. His son Thutmose II (1492 - 1479 BC) made a campaign against the Palestinian nomads and defeated them. He made a campaign against Syria and Palestine and Thutmose III (1479 - 1425 BC), who became the sole ruler of Egypt after the death of his co-ruler - Pharaoh Hatshepsut (first quarter of the 15th century BC). The inhabitants of Palestine were also pacified by Seti I (1290 - 1279 BC) and his son - Ramesses II (1279 - 1212 BC), and then Ramesses III (1185 - 1153 BC) .e.). Pharaoh Merneptah in the last quarter of the 12th century BC made a trip to Palestine, as evidenced by the surviving inscription: "Canaan is devastated by all kinds of misfortune ... Israel is destroyed and its seed is no more ...". How, one wonders, in such conditions, the pharaoh could let the Jews live in Egypt? Even if an influential Jewish dignitary (the very existence of which history does not confirm) asked for them.

Understanding the impossibility of linking the history of the arrival and the long stay of the Jews in Egypt to the reign of one of the pharaohs, Jewish and Christian historians were looking for such a period in the history of Ancient Egypt that would be most favorable for reinforcing this legend. And they opted for the period when the Hyksos nomads, who reigned in it in the 17th century BC, took possession of Egypt. . The Hyksos were chosen because, like the Jews, they were Semites (although in fact the tribal composition of the invaders was motley - in addition to the Semites there were representatives of other peoples). According to church historians, Semitic kinship makes it possible to explain the special favor of the Hyksos pharaoh to Joseph and his relatives, described in the Bible. However, these historians could not do more. The dominance of the Hyksos lasted only about a hundred years, and then they were expelled and the Egyptian pharaohs returned to the throne, who, naturally, had to remove from the royal court (and also execute) all those who enjoyed the privileges of the hated conquerors. But despite this, according to the Bible, the Jews continued to prosper and multiply intensively (Exodus, 1: 7).

This version about the time of arrival of Jewish nomads to the borders of Egypt is not the only one. There is another, albeit less popular, but based on a biblical date, which makes it easy to calculate the time of the settlement of the Jews in Egypt. In the "Third Book of Kings" (Ch. 6: 1) it is said that in "480 after the departure of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt", in the fourth year of the reign of Solomon "... he began to build the temple of the Lord." Since the fourth year of the reign of Solomon refers to approximately the 60s of the 10th century BC, the 480th year before this falls on the 15th century. BC. And since, according to the Bible, the Jews lived in Egypt for 430 years, and for another 40 years they wandered in the desert, it turns out that they came there (1500 + 470) around 1970 BC, i.e. under pharaoh Mentuhotep IV (1983 - 1976 BC) or Amenemhat I (1976 - 1947 BC).

Here it is important to indicate at what period in the life of Egypt the arrival of Jews there should have occurred in this case (which the authors of the second version of the legend did not think about). It was a time shortly after the completion of the so-called First Intermediate Period, during which there was a popular uprising, a weakening of the kingdom, and a series of nomadic raids. The rise of the country took place, characterized by decisive actions of the pharaohs to strengthen the state and their actions against hostile neighbors and nomad robbers. It is clear that during this period there was no question of any hospitality on the part of the pharaohs towards the nomads.

According to the customs of that time, at best, they could capture them and make them their slaves, at worst, rob and kill them. At the same time, there is another circumstance that makes the version of the good settlement of the Jews in Egypt implausible. During the reign of these pharaohs, powerful regional rulers, deputies of the pharaoh, sat on the ground. This means that, contrary to the assertion of the Bible, Jewish nomads could not apply for hospitality directly to the pharaoh, since all matters, and even more so trifling ones, were decided by the local ruler. Thus, this version of the settlement of Jewish nomads in Egypt does not stand up to criticism.

Now let's turn to the data of scientific history. Although Jewish nomads have been to Egypt more than once, historical evidence does not confirm the presence of a large compact mass of the Jewish people there, and even for 400 years. And the laws allegedly given to the Jews by Moses, which regulated settled life, debt law and the activities of kings, could not have appeared at the stage of nomadic life and in fact were developed much later. Here, the writers of the legend of the "exodus" had one of the many inconsistencies.

If you believe the biblical story about such a long stay of the Jews in Egypt, then naturally, some material traces should have remained there - the remains of buildings, household items, possibly records on papyrus, and, finally, burials. But, no matter how hard the archaeologists tried, they did not find anything like that. Not a single papyrus, not a single inscription on the walls of pyramids or other tombs, not a single cuneiform tablet of Assyro-Babylonian origin contains a word about the stay of the Jews in Egypt. Besides, whole army Jewish and Christian archaeologists and historians for many centuries tried in vain to determine the location of the biblical Mount Sinai, to which the Jews allegedly came after the Exodus.

Long-term searches for Jewish burials of that time did not find burials either in the valley of Goshen, or in any other place in Egypt. As a result, the archaeologists of the Hebrew University, who carried out large excavations, were forced to admit that there is no archaeological evidence that the Jews were slaves in Egypt, that the Egyptians suffered from the plague, that there was a supernatural crossing through the Red Sea. I completely agree with him and Anthony X from bible school in Jerusalem: "The sudden exodus from Egypt of such a huge number of people experienced in various crafts would inevitably cause a severe economic recession in the country, which is not confirmed by archaeological excavations." As if summing up the whole discussion on this issue, Professor Zeev Herzog recently wrote in the newspaper Haaretz: Jewish people was not in bondage in Egypt, did not wander in the wilderness ... ".

But what really happened? Unfortunately, scientific data on the history of the emergence of Semites in Palestine and, in particular, Jews, are fragmentary and often contradictory. The reconstruction of those ancient events shows that the Semitic tribes appeared in the territory that is now called Palestine in the III millennium BC. One of the last to appear in Palestine were the Sutii-Amorites, from whom the Jews subsequently emerged. It is known that the Sutii-Amorites arrived from Mesopotamia, from where, around 1400 BC. they were expelled by the Babylonian king Kadashman-Kharbe I. First, the ancient Jews occupied the northeastern part of Palestine, the region of Damascus and Transjordan. From there to XIII - XII centuries BC. they penetrated into Palestine itself. However, they could not simply settle there, because. this territory was already occupied by those who came there a little earlier - in the XIV century BC. other Semitic tribes - Arameans and Hannahs. In addition, another settlers claimed the same lands - representatives of the so-called "peoples of the sea" - the Felistimians (who later gave the name of the entire territory - Palestine - from the word "peleshtim"), who arrived from the northwest and captured the coastal strip of the Eastern Mediterranean.

In a bloody struggle (more correctly, a war) with the fraternal Semitic peoples and the Philistines, two Jewish tribe- Israelis and Jews managed to gain a foothold in new lands: the first settled in the northern part of Palestine, the second - in the south. In fact, they came there as conquerors: having destroyed and plundered the local population, they occupied their lands. They also captured (rather than founded) the city that their king David declared his capital - Jerusalem. Moreover, at first they did not even think about any ideological justification for the seizure of foreign lands - there was simply no need for this. But later, when they themselves had to survive the attack, the seizure of their territory by a foreign people, exile and transfer to a foreign country, and then return, their leaders had to justify the rights to this land. It was then that the story was made up with the gift of this land to the Jewish people by God (of course, the God of the Jewish people!).

This conclusion is based primarily on data from the history of the religion of the Jewish people. It is known that the ancient Jewish religion (meaning pagan religion Jews) was formed in the XI century. BC, and monotheistic ideas (i.e., ideas about the only god) - only in the 7th century. BC. The very same transition from the ancient Jewish religion to Judaism occurred in 621 BC. This suggests that the idea of ​​the only god of the Jewish people - Jehovah (Yahweh), who promised them land in Palestine, appeared earlier than the 7th century. BC. just couldn't. And according to the Old Testament, the Jews came to Egypt in the 19th century. BC, i.e. long before Judaism and belief in the one God Jehovah (Yahweh) appeared. And the idea of ​​the Jews being chosen by God and giving them land by the god Yahweh (and not by other gods, of which the Jews had quite a few) could have arisen no earlier than the 7th century. BC, i.e. from the moment when monotheistic ideas appeared. Thus, the story of the "exodus" and the gift of Palestine to the Jews was composed no earlier than the 7th century. BC..

More specifically, the legend of the exodus and the donation of the land was apparently composed by Jewish priests in the 5th century BC. during the time of the Jews in Babylonian captivity. It is known that it was then that the priests Jerusalem temple set themselves the task of expounding the foundations of the religion of Yahweh. They simply had no other reason to create this myth - neither before nor after. Being in a foreign land, they dreamed of returning to Palestine. To encourage their fellow tribesmen not to forget about it and strive to return there, the priests composed a story about the land that their god gave to the Jews - the myth of the "promised land".

At the same time, the priests understood that the act of divine donation in itself, although it could be useful in claiming rights to this land, was clearly insufficient. After all, for no reason, for no reason, God could not give them this gift. It needed some good reason or some extraordinary event. Therefore, the priests could not announce that their god suddenly took and gave the Jews land in Palestine. In order to make the story of the donation of the land more or less plausible, the priests added to it the story of the Jews staying in Egypt and fleeing from there to the "promised land".

The myth of the gift was created because the Jewish priests knew that their ancestors came to Palestine as conquerors, that along with the Jews, its former owners, the Canaanites, claim this land. The presence of such a myth allowed them to claim a religious right to Palestine and their return to Jerusalem. The priests of the Jerusalem temple also had a personal interest in returning to Jerusalem, since, being faithful servants of their king, in the name of exalting the royal power, they preached that the only place where the god Yahweh was located was the temple built in the 10th century. BC. Solomon.

The basis for the legend about the stay of the Jews in Egypt was the stories of their fellow tribesmen about visits to Egypt, which actually took place. When the whole story was made up, the question arose before the priests how to announce it to the Jewish people, how to tell them stories from their past that never happened.

For this, the inclusion of these stories in the then-created sacred scripture, the Pentateuch of Moses (Torah), was ideally suited. One can name an almost exact date when this myth was supposed to serve the priests and help them do what, in fact, it was created for. It happened in 538 BC, when the Persian king Cyrus allowed the Jews who had been driven away in 587 BC. into Babylonian captivity by the Assyrian king Nebuchadnezzar, return to Palestine. Whether Cyrus believed this story has not come down to us; we only know that he allowed them to return to the territory of Palestine. After all, this was beneficial for Cyrus, for he expected to receive support for his interests in that area.

When this story reached the Jewish priests who remained in Palestine, they liked it very much. Therefore, in 458 BC, the priestly leadership of the southern Palestinian tribe - the Jews - adopted the "Law", according to which their god Jehovah (Yahweh) made the Jews his chosen people. That is why the religion of the Jews began to be called Judaism. The stories composed by the priests about the long stay of the Jews in Egypt, the flight from there and the donation of land to them in Palestine, which were set forth during divine services in synagogues, began to spread among the Jewish people.

The last stage in the promulgation of this plot was the official familiarization of the Jewish people with the so-called "priestly code" - the Pentateuch (Torah), which included the legend of the exodus and the myth of the "promised land". It happened in 444 BC, when the manuscript of this codex was brought to Jerusalem by the priest Ezra and read out there with a large crowd of people. After that, no one could even think that the whole ancient history Jews - a myth, a fairy tale composed by priests. From now on fictional story with the "exodus" and the "promised land" became an integral part of the Tanakh, and then old testament.

1. "Christianity", encyclopedic Dictionary. Scientific publishing house "Great Russian Encyclopedia", M., 1993.
2. Zenon Kosidovsky "Bible Tales".
3. Cecile Roth, A History of the Jews from the Earliest Times to the Six Day War. "Vek", No. 3, 1989.
4. R. Samuels "On the paths Jewish history", M., 1993.
5. "In the world of myths and legends" (compiled by Sinelchenko V.N., Petrov M.B.), M., 1995.
6. CM. Dubnov "A Brief History of the Jews". M., Svarog, 1996.
7. "The Key to Understanding Holy Scripture. Life with God", Brussels, 1982.
8. I. Epstein "Judaism". New York, 1988.
9. "History of the Ancient East", part 2, M., Science, 1988, p.408.
10. J.L. Sheler "Mystery of the Bible". U.S. News and World Report, 1995, v.118, no. 15.
11. Guardian, 1996, March 13.

Selected chapters from the book "The Flame Won't Burn You"

Reasons for the first exile

Exile comes for idolatry, for debauchery, for shedding blood, and for [violating the law of] the seventh year.

Pirkei Avot, 5:9

Abaye said: "Jerusalem was destroyed because of the violation of the Sabbath."

Talmud, Shabbat, 119B

IDOLATRY

When the time came for the Jews to cross the Jordan and enter Eretz-Israel, the Lord commanded them to exterminate idolatry in this country: to destroy images of pagan gods, break altars, burn the "sacred" trees worshiped by the local population.

The leader of the people, a disciple of Moshe Rabbeinu Yehoshua bin Nin, offered the peoples inhabiting Eretz Israel the following conditions: whoever wishes to leave the country voluntarily can do so without hindrance; those who want to stay must take upon themselves the fulfillment of the seven commandments of the sons of Noah, given by the Almighty to all mankind: do not kill; do not rob; do not have sexual intercourse with close relatives and married woman; not to engage in sodomy and bestiality; not to eat meat cut off from an animal that is still breathing; do not serve idols (In many cases, the service to idols was associated with the sacrifice of human sacrifices. The Canaanites (this is the collective name of all the peoples who lived in Eretz Israel before the arrival of the Jews) “to strengthen the house” immured their own first-born or captured enemies in its foundation. Such barbarism exists in the world today. More recently, for example, in Brazil, for example, eight children were drowned in the sea "in honor of the gods. In India, they worshiped an idol, in whose honor it was necessary to kill the victim by strangulation. One of the zealous servants of this idol sat with the British in prison - he strangled 900 people and regretted that he did not bring this figure to a thousand. In the same India, it was supposed to burn the wife of the deceased alive); do not curse the Name of God; judge those who violate all these laws.

The one who accepted these seven commandments (in Hebrew, such a person was called ger toshav) was left in the country, and the Jews were obliged to help him: “If your brother becomes poor and his hand falls, then support him - a stranger (that is, who converted to Judaism) whether he or a settler ( That is, ger toshav) — and let him live (next to) you” (Vayikra, 25:35).

For those who do not want to leave of their own free will, and do not take upon themselves the fulfillment of the seven commandments of the children of Noah, and continue to serve idols, a war of destruction was declared. As the Torah says:

"...leave not a soul alive" (Deuteronomy 20:16).

“Do not enter into an alliance with them or with their gods ... May they not live in your country, so that they do not lead you into sin against Me; for if you serve their gods, it will become a trap for you” (Exodus 23:32, 33).

“For even their sons and daughters they burn in fire for their gods” (Deuteronomy 12:31).

“If you do not drive out the inhabitants of that country, then those whom you leave behind will be thorns in your eyes and thorns in your sides, and they will oppress you in the country where you settle. And it will be: as I wanted to do to them, I will do it to you ”(Bamidbar, 33:55, 56).

Our forefathers sinned, violated this covenant - they left many pagans in Eretz Israel, and then they themselves got used to their way of life, adopted their customs ...

Subsequently, when Israel was divided into two states, Yarovam, the first king of the ten tribes, began to turn the people away from faith in one Gd: he feared that the Israelis would, as they should, visit the Jerusalem Temple three times a year - this could again lead the whole the Jewish people to be united under the rule of David. But the kings of Judea, Ahaz and Menashe, built altars to Baal, corrupting the people, many Jerusalem Jews did not follow the laws of the Torah, the royal ministers took bribes.,.

“Your ministers are apostates and accomplices of thieves; they all love bribes and are after bribes; they do not judge an orphan [with justice], and the lawsuit of a widow does not reach them” (Yeshayahu, 1:23).

“How depraved the faithful city has become! He was full of justice, justice slept in him, and now murderers [live in him] ”(Isaiah Tu, 1: 2

In the Shema prayer, which a religious Jew reads twice a day. it says: “Keep your hearts from temptation, so that you do not become corrupt and do not serve other gods and worship them, [otherwise] the Lord will be angry with you and close the heavens, and there will be no rain, and the earth will not bear fruit, and you will disappear you will soon be off the face of the fertile land which the Lord is giving you…” (Deuteronomy 11:16-17). It is said absolutely clearly: if you stop living according to the laws of the Torah, crop failures, drought will begin, famine years will come. As a result, you will not have enough strength to protect yourself from the invaders, and "you will soon disappear from the face of the fertile land." This happened twice: the first time the Jews were conquered and expelled from the country by the Babylonians, the second time by the Romans.

The following is curious: veavadetem (through the letter “ain”) means in Hebrew “you will serve,” and “veavadtem” (through the letter “alef”) means “disappear.” Both words are pronounced almost the same, which is very symbolic: if you serve idols, you will disappear...

The question arises: why does the Almighty punish the Jews with death, exile; Why is it that they are punished so severely? Are other tribes less sinful? The Torah gives a simple answer to this: the Israelites are called to be a holy nation, bringing to all mankind faith in the one Gd, truth and justice. The Lord calls Israel His army: “And I will bring My armies, My people, out of Egypt…” (Shemot, 7:4), “On that same day, all the armies of G-d went out of the land of Egypt” (Shemot, 12:41) . And if it is written for you to be a soldier, serve as you should, feel your responsibility; day and night, in the heat and in a snowstorm - if you hear an order, do not say: "I'm tired, I'm cold, I'm afraid," answer one thing: "It will be done!" This is how, according to the plan of the Almighty, every Jew should be. And in the same way that soldiers and officers are punished for not following orders, the Lord punishes His people.

Here is what the prophet Amos said, speaking on behalf of Gd to the Jews: “Only you I loved from all the tribes of the earth, therefore I will exact from you for all your sins” (Amos, 3:2). That is why the Jews are punished in this world more often than other peoples; but punishment washes away sin from them, Israel's offspring endure forever. And all other tribes come into this world and go; they are mortal, as any man is mortal. When the cup of sins overflows, the people disappear; so the inhabitants of Sodom, the Babylonians, and many others perished from the face of the earth.

The Jews swore three times to be faithful to G-d- both for themselves and for all their future generations: at Mount Sinai, where an alliance with the Almighty was concluded; before the death of Moshe, when the people were preparing to enter Eretz Israel; in the land of Israel, in Shechem, between the mountains of Gerizim and Ebal. The Jews fulfill their oath - the Lord sends His blessing to them, if they violate it - severely punishes them: And if. They will say: “Why did the Lord, our God, do all this to us?” - you will answer them: “Because you left Me and began to serve other gods in your own country, you will serve strangers in a country not yours” (Yermeyahu, 5:19).

And yet our fate is not like the fate of other peoples: although the Creator punishes us severely, it does not exterminate us: “... and I will punish you according to the judgment (Mine), but to destroy - I will not destroy you” - again we recall the words of the prophet Irmeyag.

debauchery

After enumerating the laws on forbidden sexual relations: sodomy, bestiality, cohabitation with close relatives, with other people's wives, with one's own wife from the moment her menstruation begins and until the woman is cleansed in the mikveh, the Torah says: “Do not be defiled by all this, for all this the nations that I drive out before you have been defiled. And the earth was defiled, and I exacted from it for its guilt, and the earth vomited up its inhabitants ... May the earth not vomit you if you defile it, as the people who were before you vomited up. (Vayikra, 18:24,25,28).

Rashi (R. Shlomo Yitzhaki, 1040-1105), an outstanding commentator on the Torah, spoke of Eretz Israel, the holy land intended for the holy people, that it is like a prince who is not accustomed to bad food: he starts to feel sick from stale food. This country does not tolerate depraved residents who act contrary to the will of the Almighty.

Why, one wonders, were Sdom and Amor destroyed, wiped off the face of the earth, and on the site where these cities stood, the Dead Sea was flooded, devoid of any biological life? Because the inhabitants of these places were great sinners. Their main sin was the cruel treatment of travelers passing through the city: it was forbidden to give them an overnight stay, feed them and water; a citizen who violated this prohibition was considered a criminal. Among the other vices characteristic of this people was the most disgusting depravity. It is known, however, that such sins were characteristic of many other tribes. Why were only these cities crushed by G-d's fury?

Speaking on this occasion, our other great scholar, Interpreting the Torah, Ramban (Rabbi Moshe ben Nachman, 1194-1270): “Know. That the punishment befell Sdom because of the special role of Eretz-Israel (in the world): this country does not tolerate nasty people, it spewed them out - sinners before God and people. It was pleasing to the Almighty that those places (where these cities were located) served as a reminder to the Jews - the future inhabitants of Eretz-Israel: if they sin, then the land of Israel will become as if it was covered with sulfur and salt, as if it had all been burned like Sodom and Amore... whom the Lord cast down in His wrath. And in other parts there are peoples who are bad and sinful; G-d did not deal with them in the same way as with the inhabitants of Sodom. On the same subject, the Ramban says in another place: "There were peoples no less depraved than the Canaanites, but their land did not vomit, unlike those who lived in Eretz Israel."

And Rav Saadya Gaon (882-942) in the book "Sefer Gaemunot Vegadeot" explains that every good deed and every sin is measured in accordance with the time and place of their commission: if someone has pork on an ordinary day or on Yom Kippur, at home whether in the synagogue or at the Wailing Wall.

All these statements come down to one thing: every deed, good or bad, committed in Eretz-Israel, is evaluated by the Almighty according to especially strict standards - especially when it comes to Jews.

We have to admit that communication with the Canaanites did not benefit the Jews in terms of relations between the sexes either.

"... The country is full of adulterers ..." - lamented the prophet Yirmeyahu, exposing the sins of his people (23:10).

“... Debauchery was done among you... The nakedness of your father was exposed, an unclean nida (nida - a woman in the period from the beginning of menstruation to immersion in a mikveh - a pool for ritual purification) was dishonored ... One with his neighbor's wife did vile things, another defiled his daughter-in-law with debauchery and another dishonored his sister, the daughter of his father…” (Ezekiel 22:9-11).

The Jews paid dearly for the sins of those who decided to live not according to the laws of the Torah, but at the behest of their own animal instincts: by expelling the entire people from Eretz-Israel...

BLOODSHED

Shedding blood - murder - is a particularly grave sin, but the Jews, alas, adopted it from their neighbors.

“Thus said the L-rd G-d: the city that sheds blood in its midst… in your blood that you shed, you have been guilty… Therefore I have given you to be a reproach to the nations and to be defiled by all countries!” (Echezkel, 22:3,4).

There have always been those who thought that it was enough for us Jews to keep the easy commandments, sometimes to appear at divine services, and for this the Almighty would forgive us everything else. Deep delusion! In the next world or in this one, but punishment will follow for every sin, and a person can only prevent punishment by sincere repentance and a transition to a righteous lifestyle.

How! - says the Almighty. - Steal, kill, commit adultery, break the oath and serve Baal ... And (then) come to appear before Me in this Temple, called by My Name, and say: “We are saved!” To [again] commit all these abominations?! (Jermeyahu, 7:9,10).

Bloodshed was one of those grave sins, because of which the G-d allowed the destruction of the Temple, and Shekhinah (God's presence) left the people of Israel. There is no place for G-d in a people with murderers among them. As it is said:

“... for the blood defiles the earth ... and do not defile the land on which you live and in which I am, for I, the Lord, am among the children of Israel” (Bamidbar, 35:33, 34).

BREAKING THE Sabbath Laws and the Commandments of the Seventh Year

[God] said: “Sow six years and rest for a year to show that the earth is Mine. And you didn't do that. Leave her and she will rest for as many years as you owe Me."

Sifra, Behukotay, 7

The prophet Jirmeyahu says: Thus the Lord said to me: go and stand at the gate of the children of the people (Israel), through which the kings of the Jews enter and exit, and at all the gates of Jerusalem. And thou shalt say unto them: Hear the word of the LORD, O kings of Judah, and all Judea, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem that enter through this gate—thus has Gd said: Take care of your souls, and do not carry a burden on the Sabbath day, and do not ] at the gates of Jerusalem and carry no burdens out of your houses on the Sabbath day, and do no work, and you will sanctify the Sabbath day, as I commanded your fathers ... and kings and princes who sit on the throne of David will enter the gate of this city ... and the city this one will live forever. And they will come from the cities of Judah, and from the neighborhood of Jerusalem, and from the land of Benjamin, and from the valley, and from the mountains, and from the Negev - to offer burnt offerings and (other) sacrifices, and grain offerings, and incense, and thanksgiving offerings to the house. Lord. And if you do not obey Me... then I will kindle a fire in the gates... and it will devour the palaces of Jerusalem, and will not be extinguished" (Yermeyahu, 17:19-22, 25-27).

How the Jerusalemites carried out the command of the Almighty can be seen from the words of the prophet Yehezkel, who denounced the depravity, bribery, idolatry, disrespect for parents, and neglect of the laws of the Sabbath that reigned in the Jewish capital: “You despised My holy things and desecrated My Sabbaths” (Yechezkel, 22:8).

The Torah forbids cultivating the land in the year of Shemit. Last year seven-year cycle: “And so the Lord said to Moshe on Mount Sinai: “... when you come to the land that I give you, the land will rest in the Sabbath year of the Lord. For six years you shall sow your field, and for six years you shall cut [the vine] of your vineyard and reap your harvest… And the seventh year shall be the Sabbath of rest for the earth, the Sabbath of the Lord: do not sow your field, and cut not your vine; whatever grows on your field, do not reap (like a master) and grapes from those intended [for yourself] (Everything that has grown on earth in the seventh year does not belong to the owner of the plot. He has the right only, like any passerby, to take for his family as many fruits as are necessary for three meals. It is forbidden to remove fruits for sale or for any technical use) do not remove your vines - let [this year] be a year of rest for the earth. And let there be a [harvest] of the Sabbath year for you for food - to you, and to your servant, and to your maidservant, and to your hired [worker], and to the settler ... And count to yourself ... seven times seven ... forty-nine years ... and consecrate the fiftieth year ... yovel - so it will be [called] among you this fiftieth year; and do not sow, and do not reap what itself grows on the ground, and do not harvest [harvest] from the vines intended [by you for yourself] ”(Vayikra, 25: 1-6,8,10,11) .

The chapter of the 26th book of Vayikra speaks of the first expulsion of the Jews from Eretz-Israel. Among other things, it is said there that while the Jews live in a foreign land, the land of Israel will rest for all those years that did not allow her to rest in Shmita and Yovel.

And now pay attention to the numbers: for 85 years of their stay in Eretz Israel, the Jews, in violation of the law, cultivated the land during the years of Shemit and Yovel for 436 years: Israel sinned for 390 years and Judah for 40 years (see Yechezkel, 4) total - 430 years. To them should be added another 6 years that have passed from the time of the prophecy of Yehezkel to the exile, a total of ~ 436 years. During these 436 years, the land was cultivated 70 times during the years of Shemit Yovel. And the Babylonian exile lasted exactly 70 years, as G-d promised through His prophet: “When Babylon is seventy years old, I will remember you and keep for you good word Mine is about your return to this place ”(Yermeyahu, 29:10).

More than once during the time of the First Temple, the Almighty warned the Jews through the mouth of His prophets - Goshea, Yeshayahu, Irmeyahu, Yehezkel and others, predicted what would happen to the people if b-blasphemy, debauchery, bribery, desecration of the Sabbath and Shemites, bloodshed did not stop in their midst. but the people did not heed the admonitions of the prophets.

And the Lord sent them God of fathers them, through His messengers [warnings] constantly, because He had pity on His people and His abode. But they insulted the messengers of G-d, and paid no heed to His words, and mocked His prophets, until the wrath of the G-d was raised against His people; so (God was angry) that He did not give (them) forgiveness. And He brought against them the king of Chaldea, and he killed their young men with his sword in their Temple, and did not spare either the young man or the girl, or the elderly, or the old man ”(Divrey Hayamim, 36.15-17)

And the survivors were expelled from the Holy Land in exact accordance with the prophecies.

CAUSE OF THE SECOND EXILE

At the time of the Second Temple, there was neither idolatry nor debauchery among the Jews, they did not sin by shedding blood, they were not guilty of violating the Sabbath and the laws of Shmita - the Jews were infected with another disease: unreasonable enmity towards each other. The strife among the people reached a special intensity before the storming of Jerusalem by the Romans. Some believed that it was necessary to fight against the invaders to the last drop of blood - and come what may, others argued that resistance was useless and could lead to the destruction of most of the people and the expulsion of the survivors. Supporters of the war considered adherents of the opposite point of view as traitors and traitors; the malignant tumor of enmity has spread its metastases in the Jewish people.

The Talmud says: “But the Second Temple — when they taught the Torah, and fulfilled the commandments, and did good to each other — why was it destroyed? For unnecessary hostility. This suggests that vain enmity weighs more than three sins together: idolatry, debauchery and bloodshed” (Yoma, 96).

It was this sin that led to the destruction of the Second Temple, the extermination by the Roman invaders of both supporters of armed resistance and their opponents, and to almost two thousand years of expulsion of the remnants of the Jewish people from Eretz Israel.

Each word of the Torah, each letter contains a meaning, and a comparative analysis of the text helps us to better understand the essence of what was said.

The question arises: why is the prediction about the expulsion of the Jews from Eretz Israel contained in two places in the Torah - in the 26th chapter of the book of Vayikra and in the 28th chapter of the book of Dvarim? The Rambam answers this question in the following way: we are talking about two exiles. Vayikra predicts the expulsion of the Jews by the Babylonians, and Dvarim by the Romans.

Interestingly, the number of words describing the first exile in the book of Vayikra is 390 (beginning with the words veim lo tishmeu li and up to veet hukotai gala nafsham - Vayikra, 26:14-43). For 390 years, as we remember, Israel sinned, for which he was punished. The Torah mentions the worship of idols: "... and I will destroy your solar idols ..." (Vayikra, 26:30). During the time of the Second Temple, as we know, there was no idolatry among the Jews.

And here is how the Torah describes the coming conquest of the Land of Israel by the Romans: “The stranger who [settles] among you will rise above you [everything] higher and higher, and you will begin to sink [everything] lower and lower” (Devarim, 28:43) . And what? The Roman officials who settled in Eretz Israel gradually seized all the key positions in the country, ousting the Jews from them. Like all other prophecies, this one was fulfilled.

“The Lord will raise up a people against you from afar, from the ends of the earth; like an eagle, [this] people will fly in, whose language you will not understand” (Deuteronomy 28:49). And here we are talking about the Romans - a people who lived far from Eretz Israel, a people whose symbol was an eagle, a people whose language the Jews did not know. The expulsion of the ten tribes of Israel by Assyria and the Jews of Judah by Babylon was carried out by peoples who were close geographically, peoples whose languages ​​were familiar to our ancestors. Here is what is happening about the people “... insolent, who will not respect the old man and will not spare the young man. And he will eat the offspring of your livestock and the fruits of your land until he destroys you and leaves you neither grain, nor wine, nor olive oil, nor the offspring of your sheep, until he destroys you [finally]. And he will drive you out of all your cities throughout all your country, which the LORD your God will give you…” (Deut 28:50-52).

“The Lord will take you and your king, whom you set over you, to a people that neither you nor your fathers know” (Deuteronomy 28:36). First of all, in this prophecy, incomprehensible words are striking: "... whom you will set over yourself." The Jews did not have to “place” anyone over them: all the kings of Judea came from the family of David, anointed to the kingdom by the prophet Shmuel on the orders of Gd, and the Almighty gave his offspring power over the people of Israel forever. The meaning of this expression will become clear if we remember that Agrippa, the ruler of Judea in the time of the Second Temple, was not a descendant of David, came from proselytes and was not worthy to be king. The Jews “placed” him over themselves in violation of the law of the Torah.

One marvels at the accuracy with which everything predicted in the Torah has been fulfilled and continues to be fulfilled to this day; and it lasts not a year, not ten years, and not even a century (which one could try to explain by a coincidence), 1900 years!

“And the Lord will scatter you among all peoples, from the ends of the earth to the ends of the earth,” and the Torah predicts (Deut. 28-64). Until very recently, this prophecy was only partially fulfilled: for the most part, Jews lived in the countries of Africa, Asia and Europe. And only in the 20th century, fleeing from fascism, Jews penetrated into the most remote corners of the planet: to Australia, New Zealand, Oceania ...

Researchers involved in the “criticism” of the Bible (that is, the Tanakh) tried to prove that the Torah was written after the expulsion of the Jews from Eretz-Israel, that already accomplished historical facts are presented in it as foreknowledge of the future by the prophets of antiquity. It would be enough for adherents of this theory to pick up the Septuagint - a translation of the Torah into Greek language, performed by seventy Jewish sages during the reign of the Greeks, long before the arrival of the Romans in Eretz Israel, to make sure that their concept was wrong. The finds of recent decades: the Torah scroll from Masada, the Qumran manuscripts are irrefutable evidence of the antiquity and truth of the Written Law.

HISTORY LESSONS

The historical experience of our people testifies that in those periods when the Jews lived according to the laws of the Torah, they with honor came out of any trials, since the mercy of the Almighty was with them. Suffice it to recall the years of the reign of David, during which Israel waged victorious wars, and the forty years of peace and prosperity that followed under King Solomon.

After the death of Shlomo, power passed to his son Rehavam, and he "... left the Torah of the L-rd and all Israel with him [together]" (Divrey Gayami II, 12: 1). Then the Egyptian king Shishak invaded the country with a huge army and laid siege to Jerusalem.

“But Shmayah, the prophet, appeared to Rehavam and the princes of Judah, who had gathered in Jerusalem [escaping] from Shishak, and said to them:“ Thus said the Lord: you have left Me, for this I also left you, [giving] into the hands Shishak. And the princes of Israel and the king humbled themselves, and said, "The Lord is righteous!" And when the Lord saw that they had submitted, the word of the Lord came to Shmayah: “They have humbled themselves, [therefore] I will not destroy them ...” (Divrei Hayamim II, 12:5-7).

During the reign of the kings Yehoshaphat, Hizkiyahu, Yotama, Ueyyahu, the people returned to their Gd, and these were years of peace and prosperity.

When idolater kings came to power, wars and famines began. A vivid example of this is the history of the ten northern tribes of Israel: the dynasties in their state were constantly changing, the people did not know peace from constant wars.

The Jewish king Ahaz planted idolatry among the Jewish people and forbade the study of the Law. The great Yeshayahu, who was fleeing from the authorities, had to teach children the Torah in secret. And what? The history of Ahaz's reign is the history of the unsuccessful wars he waged. In only one of them, one hundred and twenty thousand Jews were killed, including one of the sons of Ahaz himself.

But then the king died, and his other son, Hezekiah, succeeded his father. The new ruler immediately introduced universal Torah education in the ruined country. The result of the return of the repentant people to their Gd was not long in affecting - remember at least the story of Sancherib, who invaded Eretz Israel and eventually lost his entire army of many thousands. After the liberation from the Assyrian invaders, the years of peace and prosperity again came for the Jewish people.

Each of the people is rewarded for his deeds, as a rule, only after his soul leaves this world. This explains, for example, the fact that villains often prosper in life, and good people sometimes suffer. And yet, the children of Israel living in Eretz-Israel, the Almighty gave a promise to reward good in this world for their observance of the commandments of the Torah, and retribution for violating His will was not long in coming. The Ramban says that both blessings and curses on the Jewish people living on their own land are from the realm of hidden miracles, because in the laws of nature there is no direct relationship between following the commandments of the Torah, and, say, rain falling on time, thanks to which a person manages to take off rich harvest fields. The Jews followed the Torah - the prophecy was fulfilled "and all the peoples of the world will see that the Name of the Lord is spoken over you, and they will fear you" (Deut. a sign and as a miracle, and on your offspring [they will] forever (Deuteronomy, 28:46).

The special, partial attitude of the Almighty towards His chosen people, with whom He concluded His alliance, was the reason for the unprecedented mercies with which He showered us as a reward for obedience, and especially severe punishments that He brought down on our heads as a punishment for sins.

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After the conquest of Assyria in 612 BC. e. the Babylonians took possession of the vast territory of their former rival, including Judea with its majestic capital Jerusalem, whose inhabitants did not want to submit to the new authorities. In 605 B.C. e. the young heir to the Babylonian throne, Nebuchadnezzar, successfully fights the Egyptian pharaoh and wins - Syria and Palestine become part of the Babylonian state, and Judea actually acquires the status of a state located in the zone of influence of the winner. Four years later, the desire to regain lost freedom arises in the then king of Judea, Joachim (Jehoyakim), at the very moment when he receives the news that Egypt repelled the attack of the Babylonian army at its border. Enlisting the support of the former colonialists, he hopes thereby to free himself from the Babylonians. In 600 B.C. e. Joachim revolts against Babylon and refuses to pay tribute. However, due to a very sudden death, he was never able to enjoy the fruits of his decisions.

The Babylonians brought out a tenth of the population of the country

Meanwhile, his son found himself in a rather ambiguous situation. Three years later, Nebuchadnezzar II takes all the reins of government into his own hands, leading a very strong army, and without hesitation, he proceeds to the siege of Jerusalem. The young ruler of Judea, Jeconiah (Yegoyakhin), realizing that the Egyptians, on whom his late father had hoped so much, did not provide support, besides perfectly imagining all the dramatic consequences of the long siege of his capital for the inhabitants, decides to surrender. Jehoiachin's move can be commended for avoiding the destruction of Jerusalem when Nebuchadnezzar agreed to keep the city intact. However, the sacred temple of Solomon was plundered, and the Jewish ruler himself and representatives of noble families were to be deported to Babylon. Jehoiakim's uncle Zedekiah becomes king of the kingdom of Judah.

Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II

Meanwhile, Egypt, not wanting to give up its territorial claims, continues to negotiate with the defeated Judea (as well as with other states in the region) about the possibility of overthrowing Babylonian rule. The Jewish ruler Zedekiah declares his readiness to join the fight against Babylon, but his valiant decision is not supported by his compatriots, who have preserved in their memory the consequences of Nebuchadnezzar's retaliatory countermeasures. Despite all possible obstacles and doubts, war is inevitable. The inhabitants of Jerusalem raise an uprising against the colonialists at the end of 589 BC. e. or at the beginning of the next year. Nebuchadnezzar and his troops return to Syria and Palestine, having made the final decision to put an end to the constant rebellions forever.

In Babylon, the Jews maintained ties with their homeland

The Babylonian commander set up his camp near the famous Syrian Homs - from there he led the siege of Jerusalem. Despite the futile attempts of the Egyptians to help the besieged city, the inhabitants suffer a catastrophic shortage of food. Realizing that the decisive moment is coming, Nebuchadnezzar orders to create embankments with which his troops could reach the upper part of the fortress walls, however, in the end, the Babylonians break into the city through a breach in the wall. The long and painful eighteen months of fierce resistance end rather sadly: all the Jewish soldiers, and the king himself, are forced to hastily retreat to the Jordan Valley, in the hope of avoiding the terrible torture that the Babylonians usually applied to defeated enemies. The Jewish ruler Zedekiah is captured - the defeated king appears before Nebuchadnezzar. The rebels suffered a terrible punishment: the sons of Zedekiah were killed in the presence of their father, and then his eyes were gouged out and, chained, they were brought to the Babylonian prison. This moment was the beginning of the Babylonian captivity of the Jews, which lasted almost 70 years.

The Babylonian kingdom, in which the captive Jews found themselves, was a vast territory located in a low-lying plain, between the Euphrates and the Tigris. For the Jews, their native landscape of picturesque mountains was replaced by boundless fields, fragmented by artificial channels, interspersed with huge cities, in the center of which gigantic buildings - ziggurats - towered majestically. At the time being described, Babylon was among the greatest and richest cities in the world. It was decorated with numerous temples and palaces, which aroused admiration not only among the new captives, but also among all the guests of the city.

In captivity, the Jews observed their customs and celebrated the Sabbath

By that time, Babylon had about a million inhabitants (a considerable figure at that time), it was surrounded by a double defensive line of fortress walls of such thickness that a carriage drawn by four horses could easily pass through them. Over six hundred towers and countless archers round the clock guarded the peace of the inhabitants of the capital. majestic architecture of the city gave it additional brilliance, for example, the famous carved gate of the goddess Ishtar, to which a street decorated with bas-reliefs of lions led. In the center of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the world was located - the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, located on terraces supported by special brick arches. Another place of attraction and religious worship was the temple of the god Marduk revered by the Babylonians. Next to him, a ziggurat soared high into the sky - a seven-tiered tower built in the 3rd millennium BC. e. At its top, the blue tiles of a small sanctuary were solemnly kept, in which, according to the Babylonians, Marchuk himself once lived.

The houses of worship of the Jews in Babylon are the prototypes of modern synagogues

Naturally, the majestic, huge city made a strong impression on the Jewish captives - they were forcibly relocated from Jerusalem, small for those times and quite provincial, to the center of world life, practically in the thick of things. Initially, the captives were kept in special camps and were forced to work in the city itself: either on the construction of royal palaces, or helping in the construction of irrigation canals. It should be noted that after the death of Nebuchadnezzar, many Jews began to return personal freedom. Leaving the big and bustling city, they settled on the outskirts of the capital, mainly engaged in agriculture: gardening or vegetable growing. Some recent captives became financial tycoons, thanks to their knowledge and diligence even managed to occupy major positions in the civil service and at the royal court.

Being involuntarily involved in the life of the Babylonians, part of the Jews, in order to survive, had to assimilate and forget about their homeland for a while. But for the vast majority of the people, nevertheless, the memory of Jerusalem remained sacred. The Jews gathered together on one of the many canals - the "Rivers of Babylon" - and, sharing with everyone their longing for their homeland, they sang sad and nostalgic songs. One of the Jewish religious poets, the author of the 136th psalm, tried to express their feelings in this way: “By the rivers of Babylon, we sat there and wept when we remembered Zion ... If I forget you, Jerusalem, forget me, my right hand; stick my tongue to my throat, if I do not remember you, if I do not set Jerusalem at the head of my joy.”

A. Pucinelli "Babylonian captivity" (1821)

While other residents of Israel, resettled by the Assyrians in 721, scattered around the world and as a result disappeared without a trace from the map of the peoples of Asia, the Jews during the years of the Babylonian captivity tried to settle together in cities and towns, urged their compatriots to strictly observe the ancient customs of their ancestors, to celebrate the Sabbath and other traditional religious holidays, and since they did not have a single temple, they were forced to gather for joint prayers in the houses of priests. These private chamber prayer houses became the forerunners of future synagogues. The process of rallying the national identity of the Jews led to the emergence of scientists, scribes, who collected and systematized the spiritual heritage of the Jews. Recent captives managed to save some scrolls from the burning Jerusalem temple Holy Scripture, although many historical materials had to be re-recorded, based on the existing oral tradition and sources. Thus, the text of the Holy Scripture was restored and experienced by all the people, which was finally processed and edited after returning to their homeland.

F. Hayes "Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem" (1867)

After the death of Nebuchadnezzar, as often happens with the departure of an outstanding commander, the decline of the Babylonian kingdom began. The new king Nabonidus did not possess the qualities of either a brave warrior or a talented and active statesman. Over time, Nabonidus generally began to avoid managing his empire, left Babylon and settled in his personal palace in Northern Arabia, leaving his son Belshazzar to deal with state affairs.

To begin with, we will consider the known official expulsions of Jews and analyze them, then we will consider unofficial expulsions, and then we will try to draw conclusions based on an analysis of all the facts.

Official expulsions (by order of the official authorities):

~ 1200 BC - Exodus from Egypt.

474 BC - Unsuccessful attempt to expel the Jews from the Achaemenid Empire by the court Haman. It ended with his execution and the Jews coming to power, while Artaxerxes I formally retained power. Formally, the reason was Haman's personal dislike.

19 - the Roman emperor Tiberius, on the advice of the prefect of the Praetorians, Sejanus, ordered the closing of the synagogues and sending four thousand young Jews to military service on the island of Sardinia; in 30 or 31, after the execution of Sejanus, they were allowed to return, and the synagogues were reopened.

50 - expulsion from Rome by Emperor Claudius.

414 - under Patriarch Cyril, the Jews were expelled from Alexandria

7th century - from Arabia by Mohammed (Mohammed). Modern Islam still outlives the Jews wherever it has sufficient influence.

613 - All Spanish Jews who refused to be baptized were forced to leave the country by order of King Sisebut. In the 620s they were returned, in 638 they were again expelled.

1113 - from Russia by Vladimir Monomakh, who announced: "Now send the Jews out of the Russian land with all their property and continue not to receive them, and if they secretly enter, then freely kill and rob them"; This happened after a major Jewish pogrom. the population rebelled against Jewish oppression.

1171 - partial expulsion of Jews from Bologna and Rome, which is confirmed by both Christian and Jewish sources.

1182 - King Philip II Augustus of France published a decree expelling all Jews from France and confiscating their property. Most of the exiles found refuge in the neighboring counties of Champagne, the kingdom of Provence, the county of Venessin and other places.

1287 - pogrom in Bern (Switzerland), 1290 - exile.

1290 from England by the English king Edward I. The official reason is usury, but such a reason cannot be the real reason for the expulsion of an entire people, so there must have been something else. The complete expulsion was preceded by the compulsion of the Jews to wear a distinctive badge in 1218. That. we can say that the population of England began to feel discomfort from the Jews, while the Jews disguised themselves as the British and it was difficult to distinguish them. Only Jews were required to wear a distinctive sign, other foreigners were not supposed to do this, i.e. Jews stood out among ordinary foreigners moving to England. The exile lasted 365 years and ended with the destruction of royal power. The Jews were returned by Cromwell in 1657. That. we see that the Jews benefited from the fall of the monarchical regime.

1306 - King Philip IV the Handsome issued a decree for the expulsion of Jews from France and the confiscation of all their property. Jews were also expelled by Lorraine, Savoy, Dauphine, Franche-Comté. Most of the Jews moved to the southern provinces, beyond the control of the king. On July 28, 1315, Louis X allowed the Jews to return to France, subject to the payment of a large ransom.

1320 - A decree was issued expelling all Jews from Rome. A delegation of Roman Jews led by a member of the well-known Roman Jewish family, Calonymus, succeeded in getting the decree revoked, but by the time the new order was received, some of the Jews had already been expelled.

1348 - Re-expelled from Switzerland. In 1397, Jews were forbidden to live in Basel, in 1427 - in Bern, in 1428 - in Friborg, in 1436 - in Zurich, in 1475 - in Schaffhausen, in 1490 - in Geneva (where Jews lived from 1428 in a separate quarter, which was attacked in 1460), in 1494 - in Thurgau, at the end of the 15th century. - in Lausanne (in some cases, an exception was made for doctors). In 1622, a meeting of representatives of 13 Swiss cantons (under their control was half the territory of modern Switzerland) decided to "permanently" expel the Jews. In the 16th–18th centuries Jewish communities existed only in three small towns in the county of Baden, which was not a full member of the Swiss Confederation - Aargau, Klingnau and Oberendingen (now included in the canton of Aargau).

1349 - the first expulsion of Jews from Hungary. 1360 - The Jews were again expelled, but in 1364 they were allowed (albeit with some restrictions) to return.

1394 - King Charles VI again banned Jews from living in France. Jews again fled to the southern provinces. At the end of the 15th century, these lands entered the royal domain and the Jews were expelled from there too. After that, there were no Jews in France for three centuries.

The end of the XIII-XIV centuries - numerous local expulsions of Jews from various principalities of Germany.

1421 - by order of Albrecht V, all the Jews of Austria were arrested. 270 people were burned at the stake on charges of desecrating a host in Ense. All the rest, with the exception of those who agreed to be baptized, were expelled from the country, their property was confiscated

1477 - Duke René II of Lorraine expelled the Jews from the province.

1487 - The municipal councils of Lisbon and a number of other cities adopted resolutions for the expulsion of Jews. However, these decrees were canceled by King João II

1492 from Spain by Isabella I and Ferdinand II ("Alhambra Decree").

1492 from the island of Sicily by Ferdinand II.

1495 from Florence.

1495 - Prince Alexander announced the expulsion of Jews from Lithuania. The immovable property of the exiles was declared the property of the prince and partially distributed among the Christians. In 1501, the Jews were allowed to return and even returned the confiscated property

December 1496 - King Manuel I decreed the expulsion of the Jews from Portugal and the mandatory baptism of all children. 20,000 Jews left the country. The rest were subjected to forced baptism according to the decree of March 19, 1497. However, even baptism and a special "protective" decree of the king, adopted in May 1497, did not save the Jews from persecution and pogroms.

1525 - Expulsion of Jews from Warsaw.

1530 - 1584 - Under Ivan the Terrible, any stay of Jews in the country was prohibited. After that, the ban was no longer strictly enforced. The entry of Jews into Moscow Rus during the Time of Troubles took on a significant scale, especially during the reign of False Dmitry I (1605–1606), who came to power with the help of the Polish army. The Jews were part of the retinue of the impostor and suffered during his deposition. According to some reports, False Dmitry II, who claimed the throne of Moscow, was a cross from the Jews and served in the retinue of False Dmitry I. That is. Jews actively participated in the organization of the Time of Troubles and tried to come to power.

1549 - A decree was signed to expel the Jews from Austria. But this decree was not fully implemented and part of the Jewish population remained. Under Maximilian II (1546–76), a decree was issued on the expulsion of the Jews of Lower Austria (1572), but it was also not carried out despite the petitions of the estates. The Jews were forced to wear a distinctive badge introduced in Austria in 1550.

1555 - Pope Paul IV issued a bull deporting Jews to a special quarter and forbidding Jews to own land, trade in grain, and Christians to be treated by Jewish doctors.

1570 - expulsion from Germany (Margraviate of Brandenburg)

April 23, 1615 - Louis XIII issued a decree expelling the Jews from France within a month on pain of death. Jews were forbidden to live not only in France, but also in its colonies

1622 - from Switzerland.

1647 - English Revolution. 1657 - removal of the ban on the residence of Jews by Cromwell.

1669 - An imperial decree was signed on the expulsion of Jews from Vienna, Lower and Upper Austria. In the autumn of 1669, 1,600 Jews were deported. In 1670, the rest were expelled, including the wealthiest Viennese Jews.

1727 - from Russia by Empress Catherine I

1742 - from Russia by Empress Elizaveta Petrovna

1789 - French Revolution. The coming of the Jews to power in France, the prohibition of anti-Semitism.

April 13, 1835 - a decree was published to the Senate, according to which Jews were allowed to settle in 6 western provinces and two regions freely, in 10 provinces with significant restrictions (for example, with a ban on living in provincial cities), settlement was prohibited in other places - "Damn settlement"
In the 1870s, about 30,000 Russian Jews fled to the United States to escape persecution. Subsequently, the rate of emigration increased rapidly: from 1881 to 1900, another 600,000 Jews entered the United States. Jews who left Russia were forbidden to return. The movement of Jews to Great Britain was stopped by the "Alien Immigration Act" in 1905.

May 3, 1882 - The so-called "May Laws" were introduced. They canceled some normative acts adopted earlier under Alexander II, which allowed certain categories of Jews to live outside the Pale of Settlement. After that, another expulsion of Jews from large cities took place. In the very Pale of Settlement, Jews were forbidden to settle, rent and purchase real estate outside cities and towns.

1917 - Revolution in Russia. The complete seizure of power by the Jews, the prohibition of anti-Semitism.

1930s - from Germany by Adolf Hitler.

1948 - 2000 - expulsion of Jews from Muslim countries (Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Syria, Tunisia, Yemen and Aden).

The list above includes only official expulsions carried out by the official authorities. Ordinary pogroms, often unofficially supported by the authorities, are simply impossible to count - there are a huge number of them. This list does not claim to be complete and absolute accuracy, but this is not required - it is already clear that the Jewish nation carries with it something that inevitably causes a reaction of their rejection from themselves in other peoples, as an alien irritant that must be removed in order to convalescence. It remains only to determine what exactly the Jews are doing with the peoples whose societies they penetrate, which will be done below. In the meantime, we will try to analyze this information, as well as supplement it.

I want to point out right away that the expulsions of Jews are not limited to official expulsions. There are a lot of cases when formally there was just a "redistribution of power", but in reality - the destruction of the Jews. For example, the cleansing of Jews in power, although not complete, was carried out by Stalin. 95% of the Bolsheviks were Jews. And they were all destroyed. The entire "Russian" government - Kamenev, Zinoviev, Trotsky, Lenin and all the rest were Jews by nationality, and they were all destroyed by Stalin, the Georgian. It is for this name that Stalin is denigrated. Having come to power, the Jewish Bolsheviks carried out the genocide of the Russian people. After some time, they lost the fullness of power, which passed to Stalin. Stalin simply continued their own policy, only now it has spread to the Jews themselves. 95% of the Bolsheviks were Jews, while all their bloody crimes against the Russian people are attributed to 2 Georgians because the latter carried out a cleansing of the Jewish elite of the USSR. But Stalin had real absolute power only after the year 37 - it was then that Stalin finally cracked down on his political opponents. The entire period before that - the Red Terror, the Holodomor and other episodes of the genocide of the Russian people were carried out with all the power in the hands of the Jewish elements. The same decrees that were signed by the Georgians Stalin were fully supported by them. none of them saw Stalin as a threat, and they saw him only as a pawn to carry out their will.
There are thousands of such "unofficial" expulsions of Jews, but what is listed here is already enough for thought.

Let's try to analyze the "Exodus" of the Jews from Egypt. This information is taken from the Old Testament. So, the oldest known expulsion of the Jews was from Egypt. The Bible, this wonderful source of information and wisdom, allows us to clearly understand the reasons for the exile: after entering Egypt, the Jews began to creep into the upper strata of society and soon concentrated great political and economic power in their hands. The Bible reports that the Jew Moses climbed directly into the approach of Pharaoh, i.e. Jews began to exert a huge influence on the pharaoh. Soon, the simple Egyptian population was driven to starvation, and the Jews did not starve and had huge stocks of grain. Looking at all this, the pharaoh decided to expel the Jews in order to protect his people from their oppression. These events took place 1000 years before our era, and we already see that the Jews behaved differently from other nations: despite their small numbers, they did not assimilate, but carried out systematic work to seize power and increase their well-being at the expense of the entire nation, within which they settled. As a result, they were expelled.

In fact, it is time to name the true cause of the emergence of anti-Semitic sentiments of all non-Jewish nations shortly after the Jews come to live in their territory. All this has happened and is happening for thousands of years, and all this always happens according to the same scenario. It is based on the strategy of the existence of non-Jewish nations and Jews: non-Jews live in a certain territory creating their own society, and Jews live in certain nations, i.e. they settle inside the societies already created by other peoples and live at the expense of them, destroying them. It is very clear to depict this with the help of pyramids:

So, at the top, the structure of society without Jews is clearly depicted. All non-Jewish peoples have this structure: the absolute majority is at the bottom and has little power / money / opportunities, i.e. in submission.
The 2nd step from the bottom is occupied by a part of this people that already has more money, some "fists", the middle class - you can call it whatever you like. They already have more power, money, the ability to influence the environment, other people.
Above, at the third stage, there are already very few people, a lot depends on their decisions, they have a very great influence on the fate of the people, of which they are a part.
The fourth step is the control class, in fact they control everyone below. Those who are there can be counted on the fingers. Let's call the representatives of the two upper rectangles "elite". The elite of the nation really determines the path of the nation, its future, development - in general, almost everything. The lower numerous classes are subordinate to the higher few. Those. the majority obeys the minority, this is always the case and this is normal and correct. The majority feeds the minority, clothes, pays taxes, satisfies any of its desires, in fact, without limit. Let's denote this with arrows going from bottom to top on our pyramid. But this is not the oppression of some people by others, this is a structure that has been established over the centuries. No matter what anyone says, but the elite, the ruler always takes care of those who are on the lower steps of this pyramid. This is common to all non-Jewish nations. Thus, if any people live in any territory, let's say Russians in Russia - the pyramid looks exactly like this. An example is Russia under Ivan the Terrible, under Svyatoslav, etc. etc. - no matter what they say about Ivan the Terrible, but he performed his functions in this system and the arrows in our pyramid went both from bottom to top and from top to bottom. How it manifested itself: if people from the lower rectangle had any problem, for example, someone started to cut them out, the problem was solved by the elite of the nation in the interests of the whole nation and the ulcer was eliminated. As I said, this behavior is common to all non-Jewish peoples. Thus, practically the same thing happened at the time when Russia was ruled by the German Catherine 2 (Sophia Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst) and the Georgian Joseph Stalin (Dzhugashvilli). Of course, it is impossible to take and mix non-Jewish peoples, but in general, the strategy of such peoples is similar in these cases, although the Russian nation was ruled by non-Russians, the principle continued to work and there were arrows not only from bottom to top, but also from top to bottom. Now consider the same structure that the Jews entered. Initially, they will all be at the bottom, but after a while our pyramid will look like this:

This is where the difference between non-Jewish and Jewish peoples is manifested: Jews live inside other nations, crowding out the elite of other nations. Although Jews make up less than 5% of the population, there are almost no Jews in the lower rectangle. 99% of the people in the bottom box are non-Jews. The share of Jews in the second rectangle from the bottom is already much more than 5%; their share in the population. The share of Jews in the elite of the nation is already more than 50%, which is already ten times higher than the share of Jews among the non-Jewish population. That. constituting an absolute minority of the population (less than 5%), they make up the majority in the elite of the nation or control/manipulate the elite of the nation, which means they have a huge influence/manage the entire population, making up only 5% of this population (or less). Arrows from bottom to top go as before. But the arrows from top to bottom go only in relation to the Jewish nation. The Jewish elite solves the problems of the Jewish part of the population, but it is completely indifferent to what happens to the rest of society. Their problems are either ignored or worse. The fact is that it is rather difficult to overthrow the non-Jewish elite, take its place, and even stay there with the inevitable growth of anti-Jewish sentiments (anti-Semitism, for which capital punishment is immediately introduced). But it is already easier if the whole society is "weakened", "degenerate", "brute". Promote drugs, same-sex marriage, depravity, women's rights, women should work like a man, and not give birth to children and sit with them, the uselessness and harmfulness of creating families, having children, the harmfulness of work, the benefits of idleness and entertainment, inciting drug addiction, pornography, drunkenness to non-Jews . Add to this a way to ward off the anger of the population, which feels that life is getting worse and worse: you can bring in non-Jewish peoples of a different nationality and play non-Jews against each other. There is no need to look far for an example: in the 1990s, power in Russia almost entirely belonged to the Jewish elite. All the problems of the Russian part of the country's population were completely ignored. For example, in the whole region of the Russian Federation, namely Chechnya, the entire Russian population was slaughtered. The survivors fled, leaving behind all their property (there was a time when 80% of the population in Grozny was Russian, now there is no Russian population in Chechnya at all. There is also a juggling of statistics - from time to time Russian territories are annexed to Chechnya, cut off from neighboring regions, with a Russian population). If the Russians were ruled by the Russian elite, or any non-Jewish elite, such a situation would simply be impossible, the ulcer would be eliminated very quickly. But the Jewish elite was completely indifferent to all this slaughter of Russians that had been going on for several years: they filled their foreign accounts by stealing the wealth of the people in which they had successfully seized power, ousting the entire non-Jewish elite. Now we can add to our illustration so that it more accurately depicts the ongoing processes:

Another example is the 1917 revolution. When the Jews came to power, they did not just take the place of the old elite and take control into their own hands. They began the physical destruction of the entire pre-revolutionary Russian elite - the imperial family was shot, the nobles were killed, the middle class (kulaks) was destroyed, representatives of the Russian elite were expelled from their state and turned into refugees in other countries. Those. this very clearly shows that the strategy of the Jewish people is aimed at destroying the national elites of non-Jewish nations and taking their place.
It is worth noting here that although in the Torah (the Pentateuch, ancient scrolls of 5 books, the second of which is called Shemot and the 20th chapter of this second book contains the laws transmitted to Moses by God on Mount Sinai after the expulsion of the Jews from Egypt) there is no hint of racism , then the modern interpretation of Judaism has a pronounced extremist-racist character. There is a clear division of people along national lines into Jews and goyim (the word "goy" from the meaning "pagan", i.e. "non-Jewish", was transformed into "non-Jew by nationality"). A Jew is not recommended to marry a non-Jew. Jews can deceive non-Jews. Jews can rob non-Jews if they have sufficient power to do so. Non-Jews are compared to animals in every possible way. Jewish priests must be full-blooded Jews in 1000 tribes - this does not exist anywhere else in other religions. In fact, Judaism is a faith only for Jews and goyim are not allowed to enter there. The only purpose of the goyim is to be the slaves of the Jews. This is what God created the goyim for. As I said, to the Torah, which is part of the Old Testament and is recognized in Christian religion, none of this has anything to do with it. But, unfortunately, such an "interpretation" about the God's chosenness of the Jewish people and the "animality" of other nations, capable only of being slaves of the Jews, takes place.

Now you know the true reasons for such massive expulsions of Jews by non-Jewish peoples.

After that, we will return to the events of a thousand years ago, the Bible allows us to do this. In general, the Old Testament, containing the history of the ancient Jewish people, is an excellent material for analysis. As we can see, the Egyptians expelled the Jews - and the Egyptians are still alive. Let's look at what happened to those nations that did not expel the Jews. The first is an analysis of the history of the Jews before they came to Egypt. We know from the Bible that they came there from Ancient Israel/Judea. We know from history that in the territory of these states in 2000 BC. lived Canaan, Amorites and other non-Jewish peoples. They professed paganism. In 1500, the territory was conquered by the Jews and the State of Israel was founded. Let's take a closer look at this. Was there a power grab? And where did this Jewish army come from, which captured this area? Is there even a single case known at all when Jews seized power through military operations using Jewish soldiers (and not a mercenary army led by Jewish commanders) and formed a state? So why is it that everyone so confidently asserts that before coming to Egypt the Jews were different, and it was the expulsion from Egypt that made them what they are now?
The most likely situation is the following: apparently the Jews came to the state of Canaan, Amorites and others. Gradually seized power and occupied all key positions. The religion of the "tops of power", classically, with native faith people (paganism), was replaced by Judaism. A few hundred years later, the non-Jewish population simply disappeared. There were only Jews living already in "their" state of Israel. But since such a system of existence is unusual for them, after the disappearance of non-Jewish peoples, the state itself began to fall apart. And after some time, the Jews inhabiting it, together with the entire Jewish elite, fell into the slavery of Egypt, the state was completely destroyed.

History knows another such example: this is Khazaria. This example is no longer a guess, like the previous one. The events that took place in Khazaria are an iron fact of history, which is simply impossible to argue with. Khazaria was a powerful state, but gradually the power in it was seized by the Jews. What do we have now? There are practically no traces of the state left. There are no traces of its inhabitants. There was no more left of them than was left of the Canaanites and the Amorites.
Thus, the Jewish people already have at least two states on their account, which ceased to exist after the Jews came to power in them. Together with the state, in both cases, the population inhabiting it also disappeared.

Let's try to highlight common features all seizures of power. A typical example of the seizure of power is the spread among non-Jews of teachings based on Judaism (Masonry, Kabbalah, etc.), missionary work among the ruling circles, the accumulation of a "critical mass" in power sufficient to take power. After that, power can be taken covertly (the top will begin to profess Judaism), or openly - open armed actions.

Now consider 1917 in more detail. We all know that the revolution was preceded by decades of Jewish terrorist activities to gain power, the most significant murders were the assassination of Alexander 2 and the assassination of Stolypin, while there was no reaction from the current government to this, i.e. the current government could not realize the real level of threat to itself even in a situation where the struggle of the Jews for power grew into open formations of militant terrorist groups in order to physically eliminate those preventing the Jews from overthrowing the Orthodox monarch). This speaks of the degeneration of the Russian elite due to dynastic marriages. But that's not all. The Church has been under oppression since the time of Peter I, and this was also a weakening factor. This made it possible to actually capture church authority Mason Rasputin, who was well received by the Emperor and in every possible way ruined the Orthodox Church, at the same time paralyzing any resistance to the attempts of the Jews to come to power. Rasputin was seduced into Freemasonry by the Jew Aron Simanovich, who was assigned to him by the Jews as a secretary.

Protopresbyter Shavelsky wrote: “At the end of 1916, Rasputin’s henchmen already actually held control in their hands. Chief Procurator of the Holy Synod Raev, his comrade Zhevakhov, head of the office of the Holy Synod Guryev and his assistant Mudrolyubov were Rasputinites. Metropolitans Pitirim and Macarius professed the same faith. A number of diocesan and vicar bishops were Rasputin's clients.

«<…>The influence of Rasputin on the tsar in the life of the Orthodox Church was especially hard.<…>And the church was managed, in fact, by Rasputin. He appointed chief prosecutors of the Holy Synod from among those who licked his hands. He elevated his like-minded people to metropolitan (m. m. Pitirim and Macarius) and archiepiscopal sees.<…>»

Of course, there is no need to expand on the fact that in settling Jewish petitions, which soon became my main occupation and consumed a lot of time, Rasputin's friendship was very valuable to me (Aron Simanovich). He never refused his help.
True, at first he showed some restraint in Jewish affairs. He was more willing to agree with me when it came to other issues, and I got the impression that he was not familiar with the Jewish question.
He also often told me that the Tsar complained about the Jews. Since the ministers constantly complained about Jewish dominance and the participation of Jews in the revolutionary movement, the Jewish question caused the Tsar a lot of worries, and he did not know how to deal with it.
It was a short, but very dangerous time for the Jews. I had already begun to fear that Rasputin would become an anti-Semite, and I used all my skill and energy to direct Rasputin's thoughts along a different path.
In a certain sense, I had to oppose my influence on Rasputin to that of the tsar, since the tsar would let Rasputin into all his concerns and constantly complain about the Jews. The question was whether Rasputin would listen to my explanations on the Jewish question or whether he would believe the tsar's complaints. Representatives of the Jews, whom I considered it necessary to initiate into the formidable situation that had arisen, were in great alarm and obliged me to take all measures to prevent Rasputin from going over to the anti-Semites.
It was clear to all of us that such a turn would have dire consequences.
At that time, Rasputin was already at the height of his glory, and the tsar was completely under his influence. Nikolai at that time was fond of reactionary organizations and was himself a member of the Union of the Russian People, which organized Jewish pogroms. If Rasputin had joined the reactionary leaders who were very busy about this, then the Jews would have come end times. After a long hesitation, he took our side. His healthy human mind won. He became a friend and benefactor of the Jews and unquestioningly supported my efforts to improve their condition.
The leading Jewish circles were imbued with great confidence in me and my work. They realized that with my connections and my abilities, I could induce the ruling circles to finally resolve the Jewish question in a positive sense.

That. we see that during the 12 years of inactivity of the Russian elite, the Jews prepared very thoroughly for the second coup attempt and began to control the Orthodox Church and the Emperor with the help of Rasputin, who converted to Judaism. At the same time, we note that, apparently, by the first attempt in 1905, the Jews already assessed their power as sufficient for a coup, i.e. already wielded great power. By 1917, after the first failure, they also subjugated the church and the emperor by converting them into heresy. And we will meet this pattern of coming to power more than once, but for now we will continue.

An excellent example of a failed attempt at a disguised conversion is described in the book 200 Years Together. Under John 3, at the end of the 15th century, the Jews converted to Judaism (at that time they chose the Kabbalah for this) many representatives of the authorities, as well as many representatives of the Orthodox Church. But they were denounced before they took absolute power, and their preaching went down in history as "the heresy of the Judaizers." Heretics were burned, the source of heresy, apparently a certain Jew Shariy, who arrived from Poland, was not caught, in general this person little is known. Such a seizure of power can be called classical - in the same way, the Jews tried to seize power in Ancient Egypt from where they were kicked out. That. we see that there is always some basic pattern of their behavior. They do not always succeed in it, i.e. this can be resisted. We must study this closely and never forget the history of our relations with the Jews.

Another attempt to plant heresy in Russia was made under Nicholas I. In 1812, a certain Russian Bible Society undertook to translate the Bible into modern Russian. In 1826, the society was dispersed, because. it turned out to be a Masonic sect that distorts the true text. In the translation of the Old Testament, in particular, all the pieces that could be interpreted as a prediction of the coming of Jesus were removed. Subsequently, the RBO was recreated without Masons and a Synodal translation was created, approved by the Orthodox Church.
That. we see that the activity of destroying Christianity is carried out by the heretics of the Pharisees for centuries diligently and monotonously, and no failures contribute to the cessation of this activity.

Consider another case of coming to power - this is 1990. The method again fits into this template. A non-Jew was nominated, but: he was married to a Jew, which means that there was still a direct conversion of the ruler to Judaism. Those. for the population, the ruler was Orthodox, but in fact, not quite. And his entourage was already entirely of true Jews, who really and possessed all the fullness of power. And even in this situation, the Jews were very much afraid of Yeltsin. For greater controllability, he was practically not kept sober, constantly soldered. In this state, they could easily manipulate him.

By the way, this seizure of power is very similar to the seizure of power in the Achaemenid Empire under Artaxerxes, Jews still celebrate these events, calling it the cheerful holiday of Purim. The essence boils down to the following: the Jews crawled into all the elites of the state, commercial and political, and the tsar was planted with a Jewess, whom he married. The situation of the people deteriorated sharply, anti-Semitic sentiments increased sharply. A certain Haman in 474 BC joined the fight against the invaders of power, followed by a brutal reprisal: everyone who wanted to throw off the Jewish yoke was destroyed. It is interesting here that apparently with the change of the king, the Jews lost power. there are no traces of their administration of the Achaemenid Empire after Ataxerxes. It should be noted that his heir Xerxes II was killed 45 days after coming to power and power passed to Darius II, all traces of the overthrown power were destroyed. This is suggestive, but unfortunately the historical facts are not enough.

In general, this issue can be studied for a very long time. For example, in Khazaria, the Jews seized power by mixing with the current nobility. Those. the Jews underlay the current non-Jewish nobility of the Jews and the children inheriting their power were already halachic Jews. But biology takes its toll and, although they took power there, they soiled their Jewry so much that world Jewry stopped recognizing them as Jews, even though the Khazar Jews retained Judaism: for true Jews, these were no longer Jews, but professing Judaism semigoes, i.e. not people. The same animals as other non-Jews who are obliged to work for the Jews.

This question, i.e. the relationship between Jews and Homo Sapiens is an unplowed field for researchers. Living within other peoples and the inability to establish one’s own settlement, non-breeding with the owner, external mimicry for the owner, but not assimilation, manipulation of the owner, systematic persistent work to seize power - all this allows us to conclude that this kind of Homo Sapiens evolved a completely different way of existence, different from other nations, and in view of the huge gap between Jews and other nations (Chinese, Slavs, Negroes, Germans, etc.), it makes sense to single them out as a separate biological species. It remains only to give the correct name - for this we will try to clearly formulate what kind of existence they discovered and what are the real relationships between them and Homo Sapiens. Nature has shown us over and over again that any unique phenomena later turned out to be typical, so we will try to find similar relationships between other living organisms. For example, with some stretch, we can give an example of the existence of a cuckoo: