(Prospect Mira) fell into disrepair: part of the building erected in 1904 collapsed due to numerous cracks. However, in September 2015, the reconstructed and rebuilt temple reopened its doors.

Construction and opening

Traditionally, during large crowds of believers, one can observe on the Koltsevaya metro line and near the Prospekt Mira station. Even those who do not know exactly where the main Moscow mosque is located can easily determine this by these signs.

The fact is that in the Russian capital there are only 4 temples for Muslims, and next to it is the largest of them. From 2011 to 2015, the mosque was inaccessible due to the overhaul and expansion of the old building, which became emergency after more than a century of use.

According to experts, the construction cost about 200 thousand US dollars. The main source of funding is the Dagestan businessman Suleiman Kerimov, who became the main sponsor and was awarded a name plate on the wall of the building. The Turkish government and another Russian millionaire also contributed. And this money was spent wisely: the building consists of 6 levels, its total area has increased by about 20 times, there are separate entrances for men and women, ramps and elevators for people with limited mobility are also equipped population. In addition, it is planned that excursions will be held here; for single tourists, the doors of the temple are also always open.

The opening of the reconstructed building took place on September 23, 2015. In addition to representatives of the clergy, the ceremony was attended by Vladimir Putin, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, as well as the heads of some Russian republics.

In its design Moscow cathedral mosque(Prospect Mira) combined Muslim traditions and some features of Russian architecture. For example, the minarets are shaped like the towers of the Kremlin.

Data

Moscow Cathedral Mosque (Prospect Mira) in Soviet time was the only one operating in Moscow.

Before the 1980 Olympics, it was decided to demolish the building, but the ambassadors of the Arab countries and Russian religious figures stood up to protect it.

It is the largest in Europe and one of the two highest in the Russian Federation (along with the one under construction in Ufa). The capacity is about 10 thousand people.

A significant part of the items for interior decoration was donated by the Turkish government. In particular, front doors, chandeliers, as well as prayer rugs were delivered from abroad.

Since October 2015, the mosque (Prospect of the World) has been the place where the hair of the Prophet Muhammad is kept, attracting thousands of believers to the temple.

Location

The new building stands in the same place where the old mosque was located on Peace Avenue. Address: Vypolzov lane, house 7. The Council is located at the same address

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14 most ancient mosques in the world

These Muslim temples were built during the first 150 years of the formation of Islam, after the relocation of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to Medina.

1The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria: 96 AH

The Great Mosque of Damascus, better known as the Great Umayyad Mosque, is located in the old part of the capital of Syria, one of the oldest cities in the world. The mosque is sacred place Syria, as it contains a treasury with the head of John the Baptist (Yahya), revered by both Christians and Muslims. This is the largest building in old Damascus. In the Roman era, the Temple of Jupiter was located on this site, then, in Byzantine times, Christian church. After the Muslim conquest of Syria, the church was turned into a mosque. Caliph Walid I, who oversaw its transformation, radically changed the layout of the building and the project was completed in 715. Parts of the outer wall remain from the Roman Temple of Jupiter. For the construction of the mosque, the best artists, architects, stone craftsmen from Athens, Rome, Constantinople, and the countries of the Arab East were invited. In total, more than 12 thousand workers worked on the construction of the Muslim temple.

2. Al Quba Mosque, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 1 AH

Al Quba Mosque is located outside Medina. It is considered the first mosque ever built and the fourth holiest mosque in Islam after the Forbidden Mosque in Mecca, the Prophet's Mosque in Medina and the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.

The legend says that the first stone in its foundation was laid by the Prophet Muhammad himself after moving from Mecca to Medina, and his companions completed the construction.

Muslims believe that two morning prayers in this mosque are equated with a small pilgrimage. Little has survived from the ancient building of the mosque, as over time it has been rebuilt several times; The current white stone mosque was built in 1986.

3. Cheraman Juma Mosque, Kerala, India. Approx. 8 AH

Cheraman Juma Mosque is the very first mosque built in India. The mosque was built by Cheraman Peumal (the ruler of a small state) during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad. According to legend, Cheraman observed the split moon - a miracle revealed by the Prophet. And after that he met with Muhammad and converted to Islam. The mosque was built in 629. It has undergone reconstruction and repair many times, but nevertheless, part of it has been preserved untouched since those ancient times, local residents say.

4. Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, Palestine. The current building is approx. In 86 AH.

Jerusalem has two the most beautiful mosques: one with gold, the other with a gray dome. The first is called the "Dome of the Rock", the second is the al-Aqsa Mosque, or the Mosque of Omar - the third most important Muslim shrine. Its dome looks more modest, but the mosque itself is huge and can accommodate up to 5,000 parishioners for Friday prayers. Islam associates with this place the night journey of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem (Isra) and his ascension to heaven (miraj). At first it was a simple prayer house built by Caliph Omar in the 7th century, and half a century later the building began to be rebuilt, completed, restored after earthquakes, and finally, it acquired the scale and appearance that has survived to this day. Of course, over the past centuries, the mosque has undergone both destruction and mockery of the Templar crusaders, who used the building for their hostel, armory and stables. But the Turkish Sultan Salah ad-Din, who captured Jerusalem, returned the building to the Muslims. Since then, there has been a functioning mosque.

5. Masjid al-Nabawi, Medina, Saudi Arabia: 1 AH

The Prophet's Mosque is the second holiest site in Islam after the Forbidden Mosque in Mecca and the burial place of Muhammad. The mosque has been expanded nine times in the history of Islam. The first mosque on this site was built during the lifetime of Muhammad, subsequent Islamic rulers expanded and decorated the shrine. Under the Green Dome (the Dome of the Prophet) is the grave of Muhammad. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) were buried in Aisha's room, which from the very beginning was separate from the mosque. After the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) died, the companions buried him in a small room that belonged to his wife Aisha, next to the mosque. The mosque was separated from this room by a wall with a door. Many years later (or rather, in 88 AH), during the reign of al-Walid ibn Abdul-Malik, the emir of Medina, Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz, significantly expanded the territory of the mosque, and Aisha's room was inside the new territory. But despite this, the emir of Medina built two huge walls to separate Aisha's room from the mosque. Thus, it is incorrect to say that the tomb of the Prophet is inside the mosque. She, as before, is in Aisha's room, and Aisha's room is separated from the Prophetic Mosque from all sides.

6. Al-Zaytuna Mosque, Tunisia: 113 AH

The mosque is the oldest in the capital of Tunisia, covering an area of ​​5000 m². and has nine entrances. The ruins of Carthage served as the material for the construction of the mosque. The mosque is also known as one of the first and largest Islamic universities. For centuries, Al-Kairavan remained the educational and scientific center of Tunisia and North Africa. In the 13th century, Tunisia became the capital of the Almohad and Hafsid states. Thanks to this, al-Zaytuna University has become one of the main centers of Islamic education. The university's graduate was the world's first social historian, Ibn Khaldun. Students from all over the Islamic world studied at the university. Al-Zaytuna's library was the largest in North Africa and included tens of thousands of manuscripts. A large number of rare manuscripts covered knowledge in all scientific disciplines, including grammar, logic, etiquette, cosmology, arithmetic, geometry, and mineralogy.

7. Great Mosque in Xi'an, China: 124 AH

During the reign of the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907), Islam became widespread in China thanks to Arab traders. Many Muslims settled in China at that time. Many of them married representatives of China's main ethnic group, the Han. great mosque was built at that time to commemorate the contribution of those people to the spread of Islam in China. The mosque is located in the hero city of Xi'an, the starting point of the Great Silk Road and a city with a large Muslim population. Architectural style The Muslim temple is a mixture of traditional Chinese architecture and Islamic art. Numerous pavilions and four courtyards located between them are typical features of the Chinese style. The walls of the mosque are decorated with paintings, in which traditional Muslim motifs are clearly visible.

8. Great Mosque in Kairouan: 50 AH

The Great Mosque of Kairouan dates back to 670. It was built by order of Uqba ibn Nafi. Although the mosque was destroyed a couple of times and then rebuilt, today's structure stands on the site of the original mosque. Being a kind of symbolic building of the city, the Great Mosque is considered the oldest shrine and the most important mosque of the Muslim West.

9. Great Mosque of Aleppo, Syria: Approx. 90 AH

The younger brother of the majestic Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, as it is called by the locals, the temple was erected on this site in the 13th century. According to legend, the tomb of the prophet Zakaria is located here. This cultural monument is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Once this mosque was a place of rest and communication with God, but today it is ruins. During the civil war, serious damage was inflicted: in 2012, a large fire broke out in the mosque, next year the southern wall was blown up, and to top it all off, the only minaret was destroyed.

10. Al-Haram Mosque, Mecca, Saudi Arabia: before Islam.

The sacred mosque is the most great mosque in the world, surrounding the main shrine of Islam - the Kaaba. It is designed to receive 4 million pilgrims during the Hajj. The modern mosque, after many reconstructions, is a pentagonal closed building with sides of different lengths and a flat roof. In total, the mosque has 9 minarets, the height of which reaches 95 m. The existing mosque has been known since 1570. During its existence, the mosque was rebuilt several times, so little remains of the original building.

11. Juma mosque in Shamakhi Azerbaijan: 125 AH.

The Shamakhi Juma Mosque, which is one of the most ancient Muslim churches in Azerbaijan, in the South Caucasus and the Middle East as a whole, was built during the time of Caliph Khalid ibn Valiyadin, in 743, in honor of the arrival of his brother Muslim ibn Valiyadin in Azerbaijan. According to some sources, the Khazar Khagan, defeated by the armies of the Caliphate, converted to Islam in this mosque.

12. Mosque of Two Qiblas, Medina, Saudi Arabia: A.D. 2

In 2011, it became completely clear that the Cathedral Mosque (Prospect Mira) had fallen into disrepair: part of the building, erected in 1904, collapsed due to numerous cracks. However, in September 2015, the reconstructed and rebuilt temple reopened its doors.

Traditionally, during major Muslim holidays Crowds of believers can be observed on the Koltsevaya metro line and near Prospekt Mira station. Even those who do not know exactly where the main Moscow mosque is located can easily determine this by these signs.

The fact is that in the Russian capital there are only 4 temples for Muslims, and next to the sports complex "Olympic" is the largest of them. From 2011 to 2015, the mosque was inaccessible due to the overhaul and expansion of the old building, which became emergency after more than a century of use.

According to experts, the construction cost about 200 thousand US dollars. The main source of funding is the Dagestan businessman Suleiman Kerimov, who became the main sponsor and was awarded a name plate on the wall of the building. The Turkish government and another Russian millionaire, Mikhail Gutseriev, also contributed. And this money was spent wisely: the building consists of 6 levels, its total area has increased by about 20 times, there are separate entrances for men and women, ramps and elevators for people with limited mobility are also equipped. In addition, it is planned that excursions will be held here; for single tourists, the doors of the temple are also always open.

The opening of the reconstructed building took place on September 23, 2015. In addition to representatives of the clergy, the ceremony was attended by Vladimir Putin, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, as well as the heads of some Russian republics.

In its design, the Moscow Cathedral Mosque (Prospect Mira) combined Muslim traditions and some features of Russian architecture. For example, the minarets are shaped like the towers of the Kremlin.

Data

The Moscow Cathedral Mosque (Prospect Mira) in Soviet times was the only functioning Muslim church in Moscow.

Before the 1980 Olympics, it was decided to demolish the building, but the ambassadors of the Arab countries and Russian religious figures stood up to protect it.

It is the largest in Europe and one of the two highest in the Russian Federation (along with the one under construction in Ufa). The capacity is about 10 thousand people.

A significant part of the items for interior decoration was donated by the Turkish government. In particular, front doors, chandeliers, as well as prayer rugs were delivered from abroad.

Since October 2015, the mosque (Prospect of the World) has been the place where the hair of the Prophet Muhammad is kept, attracting thousands of believers to the temple.

Location

The new building stands in the same place where the old mosque was located on Peace Avenue. Address: Vypolzov lane, house 7. The Council of Muftis of Russia is located at the same address.

• Muslim community Moscow has about two million people.
• There are 6 major mosques in Moscow and over 100 Muslim prayer houses.
• In the XV-XVI centuries in Zamoskvorechye, the first settlement of Tatars and representatives of other eastern peoples was formed - the Tatar settlement (B. Tatarskaya st.).
• In 1773 Catherine II issued a decree "On tolerance of all religions" and Islam was recognized legal religion Tatars and Bashkirs.
• Moscow Central Mosque considered to be the Cathedral Mosque on Mira Avenue. This is one of the largest mosques in Europe, with a capacity of 10,000 people.
• included in the large complex of Victory Park.

The Muslim community is one of the largest in Moscow and has about two million people. There are 6 large mosques and more than 100 Muslim prayer houses in Moscow. The main Muslim object of the capital is the Cathedral Mosque on Prospekt Mira. The former Tatarskaya Sloboda in Zamoskvorechye is considered to be a historical Muslim district. Now here are the Historical Mosque and the Tatar Cultural Center, and the origin of the names of many streets has Tatar and eastern roots.

At the origins of the Moscow Muslim community

The history of the Moscow Muslim community goes back to the time of the Golden Horde, which in 1312 recognized Islam as the state religion. For many years, the Moscow principality existed under the yoke of the khanate, and this could not but affect Russian culture.

The mosque was rebuilt again in 1914. As a result, it turned into a stone building of two floors. An orphanage and a madrasah were opened at the mosque. In the 30s of the XX century. during the fight Soviet power with religions, repressions also began against the Muslim clergy. In 1936, Mullah A. Shamsutdinov was arrested, and the mosque on Bolshaya Tatarskaya was closed. For many decades it housed the military registration and enlistment office.

The Historical Mosque was reopened in 1993. A monument to the outstanding Tatar poet Musa Jalil was erected next to the mosque.

House of Asadullayev

At the beginning of the XX century Well-known Muslim entrepreneurs settled in Moscow, including the oilman Shamsi Asadullayev, originally from Baku. In 1913, he donated his mansion in Zamoskvorechye to the Moscow Muslim community (Tatarsky lane, 8). This building housed the center of the spiritual life of the Muslim community in Moscow. In the 30s it was closed and revived again in the 1990s. Now it houses the Tatar Cultural Center.

The Central Mosque of Moscow is the Cathedral Mosque on Prospekt Mira (Vypolzov lane, 7). Initially m The church on this site was built at the expense of the Tatar merchant Salih Yerzin in 1904 according to the project of the architect N. Zhukov, and the plot of land for development was purchased at the expense of S. Bakirov and Kh. Akbulatov. The first worship services were held in the Cathedral Mosque in 1904. This is the only mosque in Moscow (and European Russia) that has not been closed during all the years of Soviet power. Among its imams are B. Alimov, A. Fattahetdinov, R. Gainutdin, I. Alyautdinov and others.
In January 1994, the Mejlis of the Muslims of the central regions of Russia was held in Moscow. According to his decision, the Islamic center of Moscow and the Moscow region was created on the basis of the Cathedral Mosque. It includes the madrasah "Ismailia", the highest Islamic college, courses on the study of the Koran. Also created Spiritual Administration Muslims of the Central European region and Mufti Sheikh Ravil Gaynutdin was elected. Cathedral Mosque with serves as the residence of the Council of Muftis of Russia.

Now the Cathedral Mosque is one of the largest mosques in Europe. After a grand restructuring that ended in 2015. it accommodates about 10,000 people. The height of its minarets is over 70 meters. The historic building, however, had to be almost completely rebuilt during the work. On September 23, 2015, the opening of the renovated Cathedral Mosque was attended by the presidents of Russia and Turkey, delegations from Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Azerbaijan and other countries. Services at the Cathedral Mosque attract far more believers than it can accommodate. During major holidays, Muslims pray outdoors near the mosque.

memorial mosque

The Memorial Mosque on Poklonnaya Hill (Minskaya st., 2B, 1995–97) is included in the large complex on Poklonnaya Hill, dedicated to the victory over the Nazis in the Great Patriotic War. In addition to the memorial mosque, it includes the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, the memorial synagogue, Orthodox church St. George and numerous sculptural compositions.

The construction of this mosque is a tribute to Muslims - participants in the war. Funds for its construction were allocated by the Moscow philanthropist Faiz Gilmanov. The mosque was built according to the project of the architect Ilyas Tazhiev in a mixed Caucasian-Tatar style, has one minaret 60 meters high and belongs to the Juma mosque type.

Danilovskoe Muslim cemetery

On the 2nd Roshchin on the road (d.10) is located, retaining the status of the main Muslim cemetery of the capital. Like the neighboring Christian one, it was founded at the end of the 17th century. Until 1956, Muslims living in Moscow, with the observance of religious rites, were allowed to be buried only here. Later, special areas began to be allocated in other graveyards. Many Muslims are buried here, who left a noticeable mark in the history of Russia and the life of Moscow, - the imam-khatib of the mosque on Bolshaya Tatarskaya H. Ageev, patron S. Erzin, merchants Vergazov, Shirinsky, Devishev, Olympic champion Sh. writer M. Maksud.

The Moscow historical mosque is one of the Muslim temples located in the capital of Russia. Her complicated history interesting facts associated with it, the article will be devoted.

Construction stages

When exactly the mosque appeared in Zamoskvorechye is not known for sure. It is only known that from the beginning of the 19th century, the Muslims of Moscow sought permission to build a mosque. At that time they occupied the building of the Mohammedan Prayer House.

I wonder when the Moscow historical mosque was built?

In 1823, the capital's governor-general gave permission for the construction of a stone church. However, the long-awaited agreement was accompanied by a number of strict requirements:

• it was not allowed to have an adhan - an invitation to prayer;
• the architectural form of the building was not supposed to resemble a mosque;
• the constructed building could not be called a mosque.

For the construction, the authorities allocated a plot in the possessions of the merchant Khoshalov. Now it is Bolshaya Tatarskaya Street in Moscow. 1823 became the date of foundation of the mosque.

Architecture

At first, the architecture of the building did not resemble a mosque in any way, but rather resembled many other mansions. The building was later renovated (in 1858). And in 1882 the building was reconstructed. The project was prepared by the architect G. Ivnitsky. The reason for this was the request of the headman Salih Yerzin, who said that the number of Moscow adherents of Islam had grown, and the former mosque could not accommodate everyone.

As a result, the former building was enlarged along the facade, and minarets were also built. Now the mosque could accommodate 1,500 people (instead of 300, as before).

What does the title mean?

The Moscow historical mosque in the 19th century had the status of the Cathedral. But later this status was transferred to another mosque - in Vypolzov Lane. Since the 90s of the XX century, the mosque we are describing has acquired the name of Historical, which emphasizes its ancient origin. It is believed that this mosque is the successor of the Zamoskvoretsky Muslim temple of the XVII-XVIII centuries.

The functioning of the institution was carried out according to the laws of 1857, according to which only representatives of the higher clergy could conduct worship in mosques that have the status of cathedrals. Therefore, the mosque began to be considered a cathedral.

In 1915, a stone building of a madrasah was erected next to the mosque. Construction was financed by Sadeq Yerzin. Today it is an administrative building.

Imams

The imams of the Moscow historical mosque were:

• S. M. Askhanov - in 1826.
• R. Ageev - from 1833 to 1868
• H. Ageev - until 1913.
• A. Shamsutdinov - from 1913 to 1936

In 1923-1925, M. Bigi (a public figure and Islamic theologian) taught the fundamental principles of Islamic teaching in the mosque.

In 1936, the Moscow historical mosque was closed. The imam was accused of anti-Soviet activities, arrested and shot.

During the years of Soviet power, the following people worked in the building:

• printing shop;
• point of civil defense;
• DOSAAF (public-state organization, the purpose of which is the defense of the country);
• military registration and enlistment office.

In the 40s of the XX century, Muslims sought to return the building of the mosque, but to no avail. And in 1967, by order of the authorities, minarets (towers from which all believers are called to prayer) were demolished near the building.

Transfer of the building to Muslims

In the late 80s, the leaders of the Tatar community again made attempts to return the complex of the Moscow historical mosque (its photo is presented in the article). In 1990, the building was given to the religious society of Muslims. Its leader at that time was M. Velitov.

But the printing shop, located in the building of the mosque, as well as residents of nearby houses, protested, so the transfer process had to be postponed.

The final transfer of the temple to Muslims took place only in 1991. In the same year, on October 17, the first prayer (the canonical prayer of Islam) was held there.

In 1992 the building was reconstructed. The financing of this process belonged to the Moscow Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

When did the Moscow historical mosque open again? This happened in 1993. And in 1998, she went through another restructuring.

Temple today

Imams of the mosque in our time are:

• Kh. F. Fekhretdinov.
• R. Sadekov.
• Saleh Seyfetdinov.
• Akhmetzhanov.

Muezzin (servant calling to prayer) is Rais Khaneveev. He was born in 1959 in the village of Andreevka, Nizhny Novgorod Region.

Since 2000, the charitable organization "Historical Mosque" has been operating at the mosque. Its areas of activity are:

The Foundation also patronizes the prayer room at Narcology Hospital No. 17.

At the mosque there is a madrasah where Islamic basics and Arabic are studied. The head of the madrasah is Kh. F. Fekhretdinov. Education is carried out in Russian and in Tatar.

Where is the Moscow Historical Mosque located?

As already mentioned, the mosque is located in Moscow on B. Tatarskaya street, 28, building 1, 2. This is the very heart of the Tatar community of Zamoskvorechye.

You can get to it by metro, the nearest stations are Tretyakovskaya, Novokuznetskaya. If you go by car, you need to get to the Zamoskvorechye district, to Bolshaya Tatarskaya street.

Imams of the mosque expect believers daily from 10.30 to 19.00. Pre-registration is not required. Friday prayer is performed every Friday at 12.40. Any changes in the schedule are posted on the website of the mosque.