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Uplift or Move., as this holiday is officially called, is a purely church celebration. The main festive ceremony is performed in the church. With the return from the temple, the believers continue their usual troublesome day, filled with hard work. Exaltation throughout Russia was considered a "cabbage day". Exaltation - Lenten holiday. Whoever fasts on Exaltation, seven sins will be forgiven.
On the Exaltation of a good fellow - cabbage at the porch. Dare, woman, about cabbage - Exaltation has come. Three days before the Exaltation, cabbage was harvested from all gardens. And from that time on, the peasant women united in "help" no longer dispersed until the complete "tidying up" of cabbage.
The cutting and salting of cabbage began with the Exaltation. It was, before the spread of the potato, the second, after bread, food product in every peasant family.
On Vozdvizhenie it is impossible to start important and significant affairs - everything will go to dust. There were parties - skits. The “Indian summer” was ending and the real autumn was coming. You can’t go to the forest on this day, because there the bear arranges a lair for himself, and the goblin conducts a review of his forest kingdom, and it’s not worth disturbing them.

Exaltation. The caftan with the fur coat will move, the last cart from the field, the birds will fly away, and the cold will come. All animals and insects lay down for the winter, including the bear lies in the den. At this time, one of the most important autumn works begins - cutting cabbage and harvesting it for the winter.
On this day, there are often small morning frosts.
The west wind blows for several days in a row - to bad weather.
A reddish circle near the moon at sunrise, soon disappearing - to clear and dry weather.
Cranes fly high, slowly, cooing - to a warm autumn.

Tales of the Russian people collected by I.P. Sakharov.

Signs and customs.

The settlers of the Ryazan, Tambov and Tula provinces have kept their observations in sayings: A fur coat stretches for a caftan. - The reptile and the snake does not move, but the bread will move from the field. - Vzdvizhensky winters are not a problem for a peasant. - Dare the woman about the cabbage on the Day of Vozdvizhenev. - A good man has a pie with cabbage on Vzdvizhenev's Day.
From this day on, girls' parties - cabbage parties - begin in the cities. This folk celebration, sent by the townspeople, is known in many places. In Aleksin, a county town in the Tula province, girls in rich dresses go from house to house with songs to chop cabbage. In houses where cabbage is cooked for guests, a special table with snacks is removed. Behind the maidens, young people come with their gifts to look for brides. In the evening round dances are played all over the city. In Siberia, neighbors were invited to Kapusten evenings. There, cabbage girls, entering the house, congratulated the owners on the cabbage, as on a holiday. Beer was brewed for good guests, lunch and dinner were prepared, where the entire celebration of the hostess was a bread pie. The day ended with dancing and games. Kapustnitsy in Russia lasted two weeks.

Original taken from nadezhdmorozova in Exaltation: folk signs and traditions

Christian holiday Exaltation of the Holy and Life-Giving Cross of the Lord, celebrated Orthodox Church September 27 (14 according to the old style), was called among the people Vyriy, Closing of Svarga, “Closed Land” (Belarusian), Stavrov’s Day, Third Autumn, Vozdvizhenev Day, Zdvizhenye, Kapustnitsy.
In the annals, this day was called "Stavr's day" (Greek: stauros - cross). The Kyiv Chronicle under 1154 notes: “Izyaslav Mstislavich fell ill on Stavrov’s day.” In some places, the Feast of the Exaltation was called "honest" (meaning, of course, "cross").

This day from childhood remained in my memory as a ban on going to the forest. Grandmother also said that you can’t even poke your nose, because snakes and all the animals crawl out and crawl out of their holes, “move”, “move”.

This name - Zdvizhenye - is associated with the word "move" ("move"), from which, probably, the peasants also produced the very name of the church holiday.

The feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (14/27.IX), one of the twelve church holidays. According to legend, after the crucifixion of Christ, the pagan Roman emperors tried to completely destroy the very memory of sacred places associated with the death and resurrection of the Lord; for this, one of these emperors, Adrian, even ordered to fill Golgotha ​​and the Holy Sepulcher with earth, and to erect a temple of pagan gods on an artificial hill. However, despite this, after 300 years, the great Christian shrines were again acquired by Christians and opened for worship. This happened under the emperor Constantine the Great, who stopped the persecution of Christians. Seeing in heaven the sign of God - the Cross with the inscription "By this you conquer", Constantine set out to find the Cross on which Jesus was crucified, and for this purpose he sent his mother, Queen Helen, to Jerusalem. One old Jew revealed to her that the Cross was hidden under a pagan temple; the temple was destroyed and the Holy Sepulcher was found under it, and not far from it were three crosses, a tablet with an inscription made by order of Pilate, and four nails that once pierced the body of the Lord. To find out on which of the three crosses the Savior was crucified, Patriarch Macarius placed each of the found crosses in turn on the deceased, and when the Cross of the Lord was laid, the dead man came to life. Elena brought the Life-Giving Tree and nails to Constantinople, and Constantine ordered the erection of a temple in Jerusalem in honor of the Resurrection of Christ, which included the Holy Sepulcher and Golgotha. The temple was consecrated on September 26 (13), 335, and the next day the celebration of the Exaltation of the Holy and Life-Giving Cross was established. In Russia, they believed that on this day, as on Easter, the sun, rejoicing at a significant event, “moves”, i.e. plays, shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow.

Queen Elena

In the folk tale dedicated to the day of the Exaltation, the meaning of the holiday is revealed in its own way. The legend speaks of Constantine's attack on the "Jewish land" and the capture of the "king of the Jews", who refused to say where the "honest crosses" were and was killed. The Jewish queen reported about the discovery of the crosses, unable to bear the torture of her child, placed between two "living fires". She sent Tsar Constantine to Odubar-mountain, where the "honest crosses" that the apostles spoke of were discovered.

"As Constantine, the king, saw,
Then the king rose to his feet
And he kissed the honest cross,
And he kisses all the Christian army.
When the king so delivered the crosses,
He moved the army, he went into his courtyard.
While Constantine was alive - the king,
Honest crosses shone on the earth,
They shone to the baptized Christian people.
When did Constantine fail - the king
And honest Queen Elena,
Then honest crosses resurrected
Resurrected to heaven on high
And now they shine in the other world,
Like the sun in the world here ... "

(Korinfsky A.A. People's Russia. 1995, p. 369).
However, far from all the common people imagined what the true meaning and significance of the church feast of the Exaltation was. Here, undoubtedly, there is a close connection with the pagan ancient Slavic beliefs, the annual cycle and observations of nature. In the peasant environment, this holiday was perceived, first of all, as the beginning of autumn and was associated with the general movement of the earth (its inhabitants, some objects) and the change of seasons; so, folk proverbs, sayings, etc. they said about this day: “The caftan will move the caftan, the fur coat will be pulled down” (or: “On the Exaltation the caftan with the fur coat moved and the hat moved”), “the bread moved from the field to the threshing floor” (at about this time the harvesting of bread ended and threshing began), “the earth has shifted from summer to winter”, etc.

Laura Pelik. autumnal equinox

As usual, it is rather difficult to indicate the date according to the old style, because the signs of the day (Exaltation autumn moves towards winter. Summer closes the uzvizhanie, the gray checkmark carried the key across the sea.) they say unequivocally that this day falls on or after the autumn equinox. Probably, the date was tied to an astronomical phenomenon, just like Fyodor-obdera (September 11 old style / September 24 old style). The spring pair of Magpies (March 9/22) and the Annunciation (March 12/25) look similar.

On the Exaltation, the sun “moves”. those. plays, shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow. The birds “move” away, heading for the irey (vyrey, virey). So, until the 19th century, our ancestors called the mythical blissful country. It is mentioned by Vladimir Monomakh in his "Instruction", saying that "the birds of heaven come from Irya". According to many researchers, Vyrei is one of the Slavic names for the Other World. For example, A. Kotlyarevsky wrote: “the etymology of the word paradise indicates the concept of a sunny, airy region: the root raj (raj), from which it comes, originally denoted the impression of a heavenly brilliance, a heavenly sea, a bright cloudy country; in this sense the term was used in the Vedas... Iriy and vyriy are only other linguistic forms of the word rai, directly descended from the same root, only in a different form arj”.

Iriy, iriye, vyriy, vyrey - a mythical country

According to Ukrainian According to legend, the Bird-Judge preliminarily determines the fate of everyone according to their deserts: some remain to spend the winter in a cold land as a punishment (swallows), others - for the amusement of people. The rest choose their leader. The Slavs believed that birds fly to the upper world, where the souls of the dead live - in Iriy (Vyriy). "The first to fly to the promised land and the last to return from there is the cuckoo, which is why it is called Viray's housekeeper." And people turn to flying birds with a request to bring news from the living to the dead.

And the snakes go to their own irey for the winter hut (shift).
According to a popular remark, snakes and, in general, all "reptiles" on this day go out into open places or climb trees to bask in the sun for the last time, weave into one big ball, and then hide underground, which closes until the Annunciation (or St. George's Day, day of St. Rufus, 8.IV), where they spend the whole winter, until the first spring thunder, which serves as a signal, allowing the reptile to crawl out of the womb of mother earth and live in freedom. That is why on the feast of the Exaltation, or, in the peasant expression, "Shifts", the peasants for the whole day carefully lock the gates, doors and gates out of fear that the bastards crawling to their mother under the ground would not crawl by mistake into the peasant's yard and hide there under manure or in straw and bunks. However, the peasants believe that, starting from the Exaltation, snakes do not bite, since every reptile that stings a person at that time will be severely punished: all autumn, until the first snow and even through the snow, it will crawl in vain, not finding a place for itself, until the frost kills it or the man's pitchfork is pierced." In Russian villages, even today, older people refrain from going into the forest on September 27: "The bastard is moving ... You will walk, and they are right with haps, hapki. “And they’re going straight along the road.” In some places, it was said that all the snakes on Vozdvizhenie crawl to one place, to their mother, where they spend the whole winter, right up to the first spring thunder, which “opens” the earth and allows all reptiles to crawl out At the same time, it was also believed that, in addition to underground caves, snakes could also go under water, so from that day on it was forbidden to swim.
According to popular opinion, another misfortune may lie in wait for a person in the forest on the Exaltation: for example, in many places there were stories about how a person who violated the ban on going to the forest on this holiday fell into the ground with snakes and remained in underground dens until spring until the earth opens up again. However, on this day, a daredevil, going to the forest, can take possession of the horns of the snake king.

In autumn, snakes go to the mythical country of Vyrey

In the Chernigov region, the Exaltation is associated with a legend about a stork that released reptiles from a bag. According to Western Ukrainian beliefs, on this day, the Underground Master Lizard arranges judgment over snakes; there is also a legend about the battle of snakes for the royal crown.

Underground lizard. Perm style

"According to the belief of the peasants of the Kupyansky district, vipers gather on the" Dvizhenya "in their nests for the winter. If one of them then bites a person, then the rest do not accept her, and she is looking for an opportunity to be killed. And in other places of Little Russia they believe that" vipers move under the honest Cross"; one of them is "with golden horns". "Whoever ci vipers gold horns in May, he will have a lot of pennies and will be happy wines." According to Little Russians, snakes encountered after September 14 (September 27 They say that in the autumn the girl was walking and fell into a deep pit, where there were many snakes; however, they did not touch the girl, who had lain in the pit all winter, gnawing stones. In the spring they pulled the girl out, and she told : God allowed reptiles to live only until the Exaltation, and then they must hide in the ground. During the named period, snakes gather in holes, discuss their affairs; vipers that bit in the summer are gnawed to death. If one of them leaves, then she will not be found winter hut, and she dies from a blizzard.Such snakes themselves are looking for death li, and the man who killed the snake after September 14 is doing it a favor. In Art. Ardon (Tersk region) there is a belief that it is dangerous to go out into the field on Vozdvizheniye, because then a "serpentine shift" occurs: snakes crawl together and confer about life in winter. On this day, there are snake weddings: males choose females, mate and produce their own kind. Belarusians think that a lot of cubs are born to a snake, but no more than ten remain alive - the mother eats the rest. According to the opinion of the Great Russians, snakes gather in pits for the Exaltation, and a white stone appears there, which the snakes lick.

Goblin

The ban on going to the forest on Vozdvizhenye had one more reason. So, according to popular beliefs, not only reptiles, but also many “unclean people”, first of all, forest spirits, fall into the ground on Vozdvizhenye. So, it was believed that on this day the goblin, before falling through the ground, rage and drive into one place all the beasts subject to them, arranging a kind of review before the coming winter; in some Russian regions, Vozdvizhenye was even revered as “a special day for the goblin” or “a game with bears” (a bear lies in a den on this day). And since the goblin is especially evil on this day, they can, according to popular opinion, harm a person who finds himself in their possessions: at best, they will simply beat him, or even send him to the “other world”. All these reasons forced the peasants to avoid the forest on this holiday; however, some daredevils still went to the forest jungle, since in some places it was believed that on this day in the forest you can take possession of the horns of the snake king, which, according to legend, have great power.

Ovinnik

In addition to the goblin, this day was also important for the barn - the spirit that lives in the barn and takes the form of the owner of the house. In the Exaltation, "barn name days" were celebrated. Ovin "rested" - it was not allowed to drown; the threshers did not work either. If the barn was already planted, i.e. all the sheaves were laid in it, then the owner pretended to “seat” the barn, taking out the top two sheaves (Moscow). On this day, the hostess spread an embroidered towel on the "garden" - a barn window - and left treats for the barn and the "barn owner" for the night. The Exaltation was also marked by a festive meal for the threshers.

"The white light moved, gave way to twilight. But God's Cross drives away the darkness. And in the bins, and in the bins, and the cow in the manger, peasants put crosses carved from wood, or even just rowan branches crosswise. In the old days on the door lintel, Peasants burned crosses on the gates of the granaries in order to protect both their house, and cattle, and the harvest from troubles.

Here is one of the legends recorded by A.N. Afanasyev.

Once - it was in autumn, at the very time when the snakes go to sleep in the ground - he was lying in a field of shepherds and looked at the nearby mountain. He saw a miracle: many snakes crawled from all sides to stone mountain; approaching her, each snake took grass on its tongue, which immediately grew, and touched it to a solid rock; the rock opened up, and the snakes one by one disappeared into its caves. “We need to see what kind of grass this is and where the snakes are crawling!” - thought the sheepdog; grass was unknown to him. As soon as he tore it off and touched the rock, it immediately opened up before him. (Obviously, here we are talking about a wonderful tear-grass, that is, about lightning that opens up cloudy mountains; the shepherd is none other than Perun himself, the shepherd of heavenly herds - clouds-lambs.)

He entered the hole and found himself in a cave, the walls of which shone with silver and gold. In the middle of the cave stood a golden table, and on it lay a huge, old snake. There were other snakes around the table. They were all sleeping so soundly that not one moved when the shepherd entered. He examined the cave for a long time; finally, coming to his senses, he wanted to go back, but this was not easy to do; the rock immediately closed behind him as soon as he stepped into its bowels. The shepherd did not know how and where to find a way out for him, and said to himself: “If it is impossible to get out of here, then I will sleep!” Lie down on the ground and fall asleep. A loud noise and hissing woke him up; opening his eyes, he saw a lot of snakes licking the golden table and asking: “Isn’t it time?” The old snake slowly raised its head and answered: "It's time!" Then she stretched herself from head to tail, like a flexible rod, descended from the table to the ground and headed for the exit of the cave; all the snakes crawled after her. The old snake touched the stone wall - and the rock immediately opened; snakes came out, the shepherd followed them, but what was his surprise! Instead of autumn, it was already spring, nature was dressing in new greenery, and the larks filled the air with sweet-sounding songs.

According to another legend, on the Exaltation there is a battle between "honor" and "impiety", two forces rise ("erect") one on the other: truth and falsehood, "holy" and "unholy". Truth wins with the help of the Holy Cross of the Lord (Volga region) that has risen from the bowels of the earth.

Third Osenins (photo from here: Photo from here: http://gyx.ru/gallery/slideshow.php?set_albumName=donino_05_1)

The Third Osenins are timed to this holiday. Exaltation in many places was considered a boundary date for the start or end of various works, for example, sowing winter crops, harvesting corn, picking fruits, planting trees, etc. In some places on Vozdvizhenie, various plants were collected and consecrated in the church, revering them as healing. In Montenegro and Bosnia, on Vozdvizhenie, honeycombs were removed from the hives. From Vozdvizhenye they began to pick mushrooms and chop cabbage, and they often did it together: for example, in many places, especially in Siberia, for “cabbage”, i.e. cutting cabbage, women invited neighbors, and those, coming into the house, congratulated the owners on the skit, as if on a holiday. Kapustnik often served as an occasion for parties: the owners brewed beer and prepared dinner (the main dish of which was a pie, cf. the saying: “A good man has a pie with cabbage on Exaltation Day”), usually ending with songs and dances. These parties lasted two weeks. This is a kind of sacred action: cabbage was considered the sacred food of the Gods.

In general, skits were perceived by the people as small household festivities. Young people arranged special parties near Vozdvizhenye, gatherings, also called “skits”: such “kapusten evenings” usually lasted two weeks, starting from Vozdvizheniye. In some provinces, in honor of the “skits”, a kind of caroling was even started: the girls in their best outfits gathered somewhere and began to go from house to house with songs, receiving some kind of treat everywhere, which was then eaten at gatherings: “On the Exaltation at good fellow - cabbage at the porch.
A table of appetizers was also prepared. Young grooms came with gifts and looked out for "kapustnitsy" - brides. There were round dances, songs were sung. Similar actions took place both in villages and in cities.

Autumn round dance (photo from here: Photo from here: http://kuch.fotoplex.ru/kiev/photo83414/)

The people believed that if a girl, going to a holiday, utters a conspiracy seven times: “My word is strong, like iron! Raise, father, Exaltation day, in the heart of a good young man, love for me to a red girl, so that this love does not have an end to a century, so that it does not burn in fire, does not sink in water, so that its icy winter does not chill! My word is strong, like iron! ”, Then she will like the guy she likes. So the red-maidens uttered a magical conspiracy, and in their free time from conspiracies they prepared cabbage repecha. Whose she turned out to be the most delicious - she was considered the most beautiful, but okay!

Fortune-telling about the weather and fertility was also timed to coincide with the Exaltation. So, for example, on Vozdvizhenye, the priest made rounds of houses and fields with a prayer for the future harvest; in many places, in addition to this, they also organized a religious procession around the village, believing that by this the village was protected from any hardship whole year. After completing the detour of the children who participated in the ceremony, the mistress of the field sprinkled with grain. At the same time, she tossed the grain high with the words "So that the wheat grows just as high." The fast prescribed on the day of the Exaltation was observed by the peasants in order to protect livestock from bears and wolves. (Whoever fasts during the Exaltation will be forgiven seven sins, whoever does not honor the Exaltation, seven sins will be exalted). In some places, for example, in the Russian North, on Vozdvizhenye, various cleansing rites were also performed, such as the rite of “chasing the flies”, etc. According to other sources, on the day of the Exaltation, the peasants erected chapels, crosses on churches under construction.

“Peasants everywhere believe that the day of the Exaltation is one of those on which no important and significant work should be started, since everything started on this day will either end in complete failure, or will be unsuccessful and useless.”

On this day, a very ancient rite was carried out - the cross. The sign of the cross has been a symbol of the sun since prehistoric times. It was believed that on the Exaltation, he radiates protective power. The peasants carved crosses out of wood, criss-crossed rowan branches, painted crosses in places they wanted to protect from evil spirits: in bins, barns.

There are many beliefs associated with this day.
Geese fly high in Vozdvizhenye - to a high flood, low - to a small one.
North wind on Vozdvizhenye - warm summer next year.
Be strict winter, if the bird flew away together.
The appearance of mosquitoes in late autumn is a sign of a warm winter.
Warm and dry September promises a late winter. Cold September - in March the snow will melt.

Shift - this is how the people call the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross (exaltation - exaltation, exaltation - September 27). Exaltation of the Cross - pure religious holiday, which recalls the events of finding the cross of the Lord in the 4th century in Jerusalem.

The people, however, celebrated it in their own way, poorly understanding the Christian meaning of the holiday. Therefore, he reclassified the holiday and its name in his own way, linking it to what happens in nature.

So the holiday got a specific folk ending and a new name that carries a completely different meaning, connected not with the Lord or with the fact that
happened in the 4th century, but with what always and every year happens in nature: in autumn everything moves towards winter.

The people lowered the spiritual meaning of the Exaltation of the Cross from the vertical to the horizontal, to the sinful earth, giving the holiday an appropriate name. The shift marked the border between autumn and winter, the beginning of a transitional period in the economy and nature.

The battle of truth and untruth, between "honor" and "wickedness", one force rises up against another, holy against unholy. The victory is won with the help of the Cross of the Lord, rising from the earth, the truth. Thus, the story of finding the Cross of the Lord in the 4th century by St. Elena. And it was believed that it was in honor of the victory that the sun played that day in the sky, rejoicing at it, as on Easter it rejoiced at the victory of life over death.

Shift is a bifurcation point, a turning point, in which everything is in balance for some time, as if waiting for the command: “Start”. The point at which the forces are still equal and none has an advantage. And it falls on September 27th.

There is also an intermediate name for the holiday, intermediate between folk and church: the old one is the day of the Cross or the day of the Stavr from stauros - the cross (in Greek). So the same day received three different names, each of which has its own special meaning.

The Exaltation of the Cross - historical, celebrated in the church. Stavrov's day - the day of the Cross, no longer tied to historical events distant fourth century, but associated with the traditions of church life.

On this day, it is customary to erect crosses on temples under construction, build promised (promised) chapels and temples, organize religious processions in order to avoid misfortunes and troubles, pray for the sick, for the future harvest, walk with religious processions to the fields. Svizhenye carries a natural-pagan meaning, associated, among other things, with chores. There was a saying among the people:

"Summer closes the movement, the gray checkmark carries the keys with it across the sea.

By this day, the earth is freed from bread, the last sheaf is shifting from the fields; barns open; the animals go into dens and winter quarters; goblin and evil spirits arrange the last gathering on this day, then lying down in their holes; the birds fly away; snakes crawl away to their mother underground. From the Pokrov, everything in nature finally freezes. But the movement from summer towards winter passes through this point - the point of Shift.

By church calendar The Exaltation of the Cross lasts seven days, the Shift lasts two weeks, until the Intercession, just as winter Christmas time lasts until Epiphany. Nature freezes, and people come to life, other, winter, works begin. Everything that is collected from the fields and gardens requires processing: flax must be spun, cabbage chopped, sheaves dried and bread threshed. But it all started with cabbage. Therefore, the Shift was called the cabbage holiday.

"On the Vozdvizhenie, the first lady is cabbage."

On this day, the neighbors got together, congratulated each other on the cabbage holiday, chopped cabbage together, and having done the work, they had parties - skits or cabbage holidays. They were treated to a cabbage pie at the feast.

The youth were not far behind. Opening Kapustin's evenings, she first went from house to house, caroling and collecting treats, helping to chop cabbage, and then, dressing up and praying seven times for a good groom, she went to the hut to find a mate: autumn is the time for weddings. Dances, songs, round dances and fun continued all two weeks and not only in the villages, but also in the cities.

The shift was also a sheep holiday, sheep name days, a holiday of threshers: the oven in the barn was not kindled that day, the windows of the barn were decorated with an embroidered towel, and they stopped threshing.

In general, on this day it was customary to rest and not start any serious business.