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The group of giant planets is made up of four planets in the solar system - Neptune, Saturn, Uranus and Jupiter. Since these huge planets are much farther away from the Sun than the smaller planets, they have another name - the outer planets.

You can distribute interesting facts about the giant planets into several categories. The first takes into account their structure and rotation. The second is devoted to the phenomena observed in their atmospheres. In the third, the presence of rings in the planets is noted. The fourth describes the presence of their satellites.

The structure of the giant planets and their rotation

Basically, the giant planets are formed from a complex mixture of gases - ammonia, hydrogen, methane and helium. According to scientists, these planets have small stone or metal cores.

Due to the huge mass of the object, the pressure in the bowels of the gas planet reaches millions of atmospheres. Its compression by the force of gravity releases significant energy. As a result of this factor, the giant planets release more heat than is absorbed from solar radiation.

Having dimensions much larger than the earth, such gas planets make a daily revolution in 9-17 hours. as for the average density of the giant planets, it is close to 1.4 g/cu. see - approximately equal to the solar.

Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, has a mass greater than the total mass of all other planets. Probably, it was for this that he was named after the main god of the Roman Pantheon. Scientists believe that it is the rapid rotation of Jupiter that explains the location of clouds in its atmosphere - we observe them in the form of extended bands.

atmospheric phenomena

To the number interesting facts The giant planets also include the presence of powerful atmospheric shells, where processes that are extraordinary in terms of terrestrial concepts take place.

In the atmospheres of such planets, strong winds are not uncommon, with speeds of over a thousand kilometers per hour.

Long-lived hurricane vortices are also observed there, for example, on Jupiter - a three-hundred-year-old Great Red Spot. The Great Dark Spot existed on Neptune for a long period, and spots of anticyclones are noted on Saturn.

Rings and satellites of the giant planets

The inconspicuousness of the “rim” of Jupiter is explained by its narrowness and the small size of dust particles in its composition.

The ring of Saturn is the most impressive in size - its diameter is 400 thousand kilometers, but the width of the ring is only a few tens of meters. The ring consists of pieces of ice and small stones rotating around the planet. These parts are separated by several gaps, which form several different rings encircling the planet.

Uranus's ring system is the second largest, and its "rim" is red, gray, and blue. It contains pieces of water ice and very dark debris no larger than a meter in diameter.

Neptune's ring contains five sub-rings, which are thought to be ice particles.

Jupiter's satellite system includes almost 70 objects. One of them - Ganymede, is considered the largest satellite in the solar system.

Researchers have discovered more than 60 moons of Saturn, Neptune has 27 moons, Neptune has 14, including Triton. The latter is notable for its retrograde orbit - the only one of all the large satellites of the solar system.

This satellite, as well as two other satellites of the gas planets - Titan and Io, have atmospheres.

Jupiter

Jupiter, the fifth largest planet from the Sun in the solar system, is the largest of the giant planets.

Movement, dimensions, shape

Jupiter moves around the Sun in a close to circular elliptical orbit, the plane of which is inclined to the plane of the ecliptic at an angle of 1 ° 18.3 ". The minimum distance of Jupiter from the Sun is 4.95 AU, the maximum is 5.45 AU, the average - 5.2 AU (1 AU = 149.6 million km).

The equator is inclined to the plane of the orbit at an angle of 3 ° 5 "; due to the smallness of this angle, seasonal changes on Jupiter are very weak. Jupiter, moving around the Sun at an average speed of 13.06 km / s, makes one revolution in 11, 862 Earth years The distance of Jupiter from the Earth varies from 188 to 967 million km At opposition, Jupiter is visible as a slightly yellowish star of -2.6 magnitude, of all the planets second in brilliance only to Venus and Mars during the great opposition of the latter.

Jupiter does not have a solid surface, therefore, speaking of its size, they indicate the radius of the upper boundary of the clouds, where the pressure is about 10 kPa; The radius of Jupiter at the equator is 71400 km. In the atmosphere of Jupiter, layers, or zones, parallel to the plane of its equator, are clearly visible, rotating around the axis of the planet with different angular velocities. The equatorial zone rotates the fastest - its rotation period is 9 h 50 min 30 s, which is 5 min 11 s less than the rotation period of the polar zones. No other planet in the solar system rotates so fast.

The mass of Jupiter is 1.899 * 10 27 kg, which is 317.8 times the mass of the Earth, but the average density is 1.33 g / cm 3, that is, 4 times less than that of the Earth. The free fall acceleration at the equator is 23.5 m/s 2 .

In the temperate southern latitudes of Jupiter, the oval Great Red Spot slowly moves, the transverse dimensions of which are 30-40 thousand km. In a hundred years, it makes about 3 revolutions. The nature of this phenomenon is not entirely clear.

The structure and composition of Jupiter

Like other giant planets, Jupiter differs significantly in chemical composition from the terrestrial planets. Absolutely dominant here are hydrogen and helium in a "solar" ratio of 3.4: 1, but in the center of the planet, according to existing models, there is a liquid core of molten metals and silicates, surrounded by a water-ammonia liquid shell. The radius of this core is about 1/10 of the radius of the planet, the mass is ~ 0.3-0.4 of its mass, the temperature is about 2500 K at a pressure of ~ 8000 GPa.

The flow of heat from the bowels of Jupiter is twice the energy it receives from the Sun. Due to the absence of a solid surface, Jupiter does not have an atmosphere as such. Its gas envelope consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, but there is also a small admixture of methane, water molecules, ammonia, etc.

Physical and chemical parameters

Thunderstorms in Jupiter's atmosphere. The presence of an ionosphere was also established, the length of which in height is about 3000 km.

Jupiter has a magnetic field. Its magnetic dipole moment is almost 12,000 times greater than the dipole moment of the Earth, but since the magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the cube of the radius, and Jupiter has it by two orders of magnitude greater than that of the Earth, the strength near the surface of Jupiter is higher, compared to the Earth, only 5-6 times. The magnetic axis is inclined to the rotation axis by (10.2 ± 0.6)°. The dipole structure of the magnetic field dominates up to distances of the order of 15 planetary radii. Jupiter has a vast magnetosphere that is similar to Earth's, but magnified by about 100 times. There are radiation belts.

Moons of Jupiter

The first of the Galilean satellites, Io, is larger than the Moon. It has an atmosphere and ionosphere, consisting mainly of sulfur and sodium ions. Its volcanic activity is very active (more than on Earth). The dimensions of volcanic craters reach hundreds of kilometers, exceeding the earth's by tens and even hundreds of times, although the height of the volcanoes is relatively small. Only in the polar regions of Io there are volcanoes about 10 km high. Emissions of sulfur from volcanoes rise to a height of up to 250 km. According to a number of researchers, under the thin hard surface crust of the satellite, covered with a layer of sulfur and its dioxide, there may be liquid sulfur. The temperature near the surface of Io is about -120 ° C at the equator (except for volcanic regions) and another 50 ° lower at the poles. The relative scarcity of impact craters larger than 1-2 km allows us to consider the surface of Io relatively young (less than 1 million years).

However, not all of Jupiter's moons have smooth surfaces. Thus, the density of craters in some areas of Callisto, inferior in size to Ganymede, is close to the limit. In some areas, the edges of the craters are closed. One of the reasons for such a distribution of craters may be the fusibility of surface rocks (in particular, ice).

Jupiter Ring

Jupiter has established the existence of a huge flat ring of dust and small stones, which, with a width of 6 km and a thickness of 1 km, extends up to tens of thousands of km from the top of the clouds.

The study of Jupiter and its satellites, which has already yielded many essentially new results, has also led to the formulation of a number of new problems. In particular, studies on the physical nature of intense electric fields near the satellites closest to Jupiter are still in the process of formation.

Saturn

Saturn, the sixth from the Sun, the second largest planet in the solar system after Jupiter; refers to the giant planets.

Movement, dimensions, shape

Saturn's elliptical orbit has an eccentricity of 0.0556 and a mean radius of 9.539 AU. e. (1427 million km). The maximum and minimum distances from the Sun are approximately 10 and 9 AU. e. Distances from the Earth vary from 1.2 to 1.6 billion km. The inclination of the planet's orbit to the plane of the ecliptic is 2°29.4". The angle between the planes of the equator and the orbit reaches 26°44". Saturn moves in its orbit at an average speed of 2.64 km/s; The period of revolution around the Sun is 29.46 Earth years.

The planet does not have a solid surface, optical observations are hampered by the opacity of the atmosphere. For the equatorial and polar radii, the values ​​of 60 thousand km and 53.5 thousand km are accepted. The average radius of Saturn is 9.1 times that of the Earth. In the earth's sky, Saturn looks like a yellowish star, the brightness of which varies from zero to the first magnitude. The mass of Saturn is 5.68 × 10 26 kg, which is 95.1 times the mass of the Earth; while the average density of Saturn, equal to 0.68 g/cm3, is almost an order of magnitude less than the density of the Earth. The free fall acceleration near the surface of Saturn at the equator is 9.06 m/s 2 . The surface of Saturn (cloud layer), like Jupiter, does not rotate as a whole. Tropical regions in the atmosphere of Saturn rotate with a period of 10 hours 14 minutes of Earth time, and at temperate latitudes this period is 26 minutes longer.

Structure and composition

The temperature in the middle layers of the atmosphere (predominantly hydrogen, although the presence of a small amount of helium, ammonia and methane) is about 100 K.

In terms of internal structure and composition, Saturn strongly resembles Jupiter. In particular, on Saturn in the equatorial region there is a formation similar to the Great Red Spot, although it is smaller than on Jupiter.

Two-thirds of Saturn is made up of hydrogen. At a depth approximately equal to R / 2, that is, half the radius of the planet, hydrogen at a pressure of about 300 GPa passes into the metallic phase. As the depth increases further, starting from R/3, the proportion of hydrogen and oxide compounds increases. In the center of the planet (in the core region) the temperature is about 20,000 K.

Satellites of Saturn

All satellites, except for the huge Titan, which is larger than Mercury and has an atmosphere, are composed mainly of ice (with some admixture of rocks at Mimas, Dione and Rhea). Enceladus is unique in brightness - it reflects light, almost like freshly fallen snow. The darkest surface of Phoebe, which is therefore almost invisible. The surface of Iapetus is unusual: its front (in the direction of travel) hemisphere is very different in reflectivity from the back.

Of all the large moons of Saturn, only Hyperion has an irregular shape, possibly due to a collision with a massive body, such as a giant icy meteorite. The surface of Hyperion is heavily polluted. The surfaces of many moons are heavily cratered. So, on the surface of Dione, the largest ten-kilometer crater was discovered; on the surface of Mimas lies a crater whose shaft is so high that it is clearly visible even in photographs. In addition to craters, there are faults, furrows, and depressions on the surfaces of a number of satellites. The greatest tectonic and volcanic activity was found at Enceladus.

Ring of Saturn

Uranus

URANUS (astronomical sign I), planet, average distance from the Sun - 19.18 AU. e. (2871 million km), circulation period 84 years, rotation period approx. 17 hours, equatorial diameter 51,200 km, mass 8.7·10 25 kg, atmospheric composition: H 2 , He, CH 4 . The axis of rotation of Uranus is tilted at an angle of 98°. Uranus has 15 satellites (5 discovered from Earth - Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, and 10 discovered by the Voyager 2 spacecraft - Cordelia, Ophelia, Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Belinda, Pack ) and a system of rings.

Movement, dimensions, mass

Uranus moves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, the semi-major axis of which (mean heliocentric distance) is 19.182 more than that of the Earth, and is 2871 million km. The eccentricity of the orbit is 0.047, that is, the orbit is quite close to circular. The plane of the orbit is inclined to the ecliptic at an angle of 0.8°. Uranus completes one revolution around the Sun in 84.01 Earth years. The rotation period of Uranus is approximately 17 hours. The existing scatter in determining the values ​​of this period is due to several reasons, of which two are the main ones: the gaseous surface of the planet does not rotate as a whole, and, in addition, no noticeable local inhomogeneities have been found on the surface of Uranus, which would help to clarify the duration of the day on the planet.

Composition and internal structure

Like other giant planets, Uranus's atmosphere is primarily composed of hydrogen, helium and methane, although their relative contributions are somewhat lower compared to Jupiter and Saturn.

The theoretical model of the structure of Uranus is as follows: its surface layer is a gas-liquid shell, under which there is an icy (mixture of water and ammonia ice) mantle, and even deeper - a core of solid rocks. The mass of the mantle and core is approximately 85-90% of the total mass of Uranus. The zone of solid matter extends up to 3/4 of the radius of the planet

The temperature in the center of Uranus is close to 10,000 K at a pressure of 7-8 million atmospheres (one atmosphere corresponds approximately to one bar). At the core boundary, the pressure is approximately two orders of magnitude lower (about 100 kilobars). The effective temperature, determined by thermal radiation from the surface of the planet, is approx. 55 K.

Moons of Uranus

History of the discovery of Uranus

For many centuries, Earth astronomers knew only five "wandering stars" - planets. 1781 was marked by the discovery of another planet, named Uranus. This happened when the English astronomer W. Herschel embarked on a grandiose program: compiling a complete systematic survey of the starry sky. On March 13, near one of the stars in the constellation Gemini, Herschel noticed a curious object that was clearly not a star: its apparent size changed depending on the magnification of the telescope, and most importantly, its position in the sky changed. Herschel initially decided that he had discovered a new comet (his report at a meeting of the Royal Society on April 26, 1781 was called “Comet Report”), but the comet hypothesis soon had to be abandoned. In gratitude to George III, who appointed Herschel as Royal Astronomer, the latter proposed to name the planet "George's Star", however, in order not to violate the traditional connection with mythology, the name "Uranus" was adopted. The first few observations did not yet allow us to accurately determine the parameters of the orbit of the new planet, but, firstly, the number of these observations (in particular, in Russia, France and Germany) increased rapidly, and secondly, a careful study of the catalogs of past observations made it possible to verify that that the planet was repeatedly fixed before, but taken for a star, which also noticeably increased the number of data.

During the 30 years after the discovery of Uranus, the severity of interest in him periodically fell, but only for a while. The fact is that the increase in the accuracy of observations revealed mysterious anomalies in the motion of the planet: it either "lagged behind" the calculated one, then began to "ahead" it. The theoretical explanation of these anomalies led to new discoveries - the discovery of transuranium planets.

Neptune

Neptune, the eighth largest planet from the Sun, is one of the giant planets.

Movement and parameters of the planet

Neptune moves around the Sun in an elliptical, close to circular (eccentricity - 0.009) orbit; its average distance from the Sun is 30.058 times greater than that of the Earth, which is approximately 4500 million km. This means that the light from the Sun reaches Neptune in a little over 4 hours. The duration of the year, that is, the time of one complete revolution around the Sun, is 164.8 Earth years. The equatorial radius of the planet is 24750 km, which is almost four times the radius of the Earth, moreover, its own rotation is so fast that a day on Neptune lasts only 17.8 hours. Although the average density of Neptune, equal to 1.67 g / cm 3, is almost three times less than that of the earth, its mass is 17.2 times greater than that of the Earth due to the large size of the planet. Neptune appears in the sky as a star of magnitude 7.8 (inaccessible to the naked eye); at high magnification, it looks like a greenish disk, devoid of any details. Neptune has a magnetic field that is about twice as strong at the poles as it is on Earth.

Composition and internal structure

Of all the elements on Neptune, hydrogen and helium predominate in approximately the same ratio as on the Sun: there are about 20 hydrogen atoms per helium atom. In the unbound state, there is much less hydrogen on Neptune than on Jupiter and Saturn. There are other elements, mostly light ones. On Neptune, as well as on other giant planets, a multilayer differentiation of matter occurred, during which an extended ice shell was formed, as on Uranus. According to theoretical estimates, there is both a mantle and a core. The mass of the core together with the ice shell, according to computational models, can reach 90% of the entire mass of the planet.

Moons of Neptune

Discovery history

After W. Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781 and calculated the parameters of its orbit, rather soon mysterious anomalies were discovered in the motion of this planet - it either “lagged behind” the calculated one, or was ahead of it.

In 1832, in a report from the British Association for the Advancement of Science, J. Erie, who later became Astronomer Royal, noted that in 11 years the error in the position of Uranus had reached almost half a minute of an arc. Shortly after the report was published, Airy received a letter from the British amateur astronomer, the Rev. Dr. Hassey, suggesting that these anomalies were due to the influence of an as yet undiscovered "transuranium" planet. Apparently, this was the first proposal to look for a "disturbing" planet. Erie did not approve of Hassei's idea, and the search was not launched.

And a year before, a talented young student, J. K. Adams, noted in his notes: “At the beginning of this week, the idea arose to engage immediately after graduation in the study of anomalies in the motion of Uranus, which have not yet been explained. We must find whether they can be due to the influence of an undiscovered planet behind it and, if possible, determine at least approximately the elements of its orbit, which can lead to its discovery.

Adams got the opportunity to start solving this problem only two years later, and by October 1843 the preliminary calculations were completed. Adams decided to show them to Erie, but he was unable to meet with the Astronomer Royal. Adams had only to return to Cambridge, leaving for Erie the results of the calculations. For unknown reasons, Erie reacted negatively to Adams' work, at the price of which England lost priority in the discovery of a new planet.

Independently of Adams, W. J. Le Verrier worked on the problem of a transuranium planet in France. On November 10, 1845, he presented the results of his theoretical analysis of the motion of Uranus to the French Academy of Sciences, noting in conclusion about the discrepancy between observational and calculated data: “This can be explained by the influence of an external factor, which I will evaluate in the second treatise.”

Such estimates were made in the first half of 1846. The success of the case was helped by the assumption that the desired planet moves, in accordance with the empirical rule of Titius Bode, along an orbit whose radius is equal to three times the radius of the orbit of Uranus, and that the orbit has a very small inclination to the plane of the ecliptic. Le Verrier gave instructions on where to look for a new planet. Upon receiving Le Verrier's second treatise, Airy drew attention to the very close agreement between the results of Adams and Le Verrier's research regarding the motion of the supposed planet perturbing the motion of Uranus, and even emphasized this at a special meeting of the Greenwich Board of Inspectors. But he, as before, was in no hurry to start searching and began to bother about them only in July 1846, realizing what indignation his passivity could subsequently cause.

Meanwhile, on August 31, 1846, Le Verrier completed another study, in which the final system of elements of the orbit of the desired planet was obtained and its place in the sky was indicated. But in France, as in England, astronomers did not start searching, and on September 18, Le Verrier turned to I. Galle, an assistant at the Berlin Observatory, who, having received permission from the director of the observatory, on September 23, together with student D "Arre, began searching. In the first the same evening the planet was discovered, it was only 52" from the supposed place.

The news of the discovery of the planet "at the tip of the pen", which was one of the brightest triumphs of celestial mechanics, soon spread throughout the scientific world. According to established tradition, the planet was named Neptune in honor of the ancient god.

For about a year, there was a struggle between France and England for the priority of discovery, to which, as often happens, the heroes themselves had no direct relationship. In particular, a complete understanding was established between Adams and Le Verrier, and they remained friends until the end of their lives.

“Creating us in our own image, God wanted us to be able to perceive and share with him his own thoughts…

Our knowledge is of the same kind as God's, but at least insofar as we can understand at least something during this mortal life.

Johannes Kepler

Symbol quite capacious and, at the same time, ambiguous in our understanding, a reflection of the rational or irrational, given to us in perception or outside the field of our natural sensations. According to E. Cassirer, creatum (symbol) is Einheit von Sinn und Sinnlichkeit, that is, the unity of meaning and feeling. The symbol appears before us in its formalized form, representing the concept of its content, supported by the experience accumulated by mankind in the process of evolution. pure form image does not depend on everything in it material world and does not exist in the same way as all matter. Its form is a sensible given from the fusion of material and spiritual forms, the result of the inner activity of the spirit. In other words, the activity of the spirit for the production of symbols must necessarily manifest itself in signs - words, images. A symbol or sign is a necessary attribute of consciousness, since "ideal forms are recognized and cognized only in the totality of sensory signs that they use to express themselves."

Being perceived, signs and symbols, as sensory data, are transformed through the generative force of the spirit in accordance with a certain “point of view” and receive a symbolic content, which is fixed in the sign-symbol ...

Elements of graphic symbolism were used almost always and everywhere, throughout the meaningful human activity. Starting with rock paintings and up to the present time, people have given certain graphic elements a kind of transcendental quality. And these elements were carriers of metaphysical, magical, philosophical, cosmogonic or astronomical information.

Astrology- knowledge built on deep cosmism and esoteric symbolism. This knowledge is harmonious and comprehensive in spiritual expression, historically valuable and has no time limits. Over the course of many millennia, a modern astrological graphic image has been formed, that perfect image that amazes philosophers, archaeologists, art historians and cultural scientists. Along with the fact that such knowledge attracts a large number of specialists and people who are interested in it, much remains vague or mysterious, inexplicable or simply forgotten. Speaking about the symbols used in astrology, it should be said that they have a very definite meaning, but often, like many symbols around us, they are either not interpreted or interpreted quite freely.

What can be seen and what can be emphasized when considering astrological symbols?

Considering the symbols of the planets and signs of the Zodiac, firstly, it should be noted their versatility, which is reflected by the elements included in them. Each element of the sign-symbol carries a spiritual semantic load, determining the corresponding energy-informational content. Secondly, the elements of signs and symbols themselves, having their own characteristics, make it possible to describe the system that they make up with their configurations. Thirdly, defining a system (sign or symbol) by introduced qualities, the elements themselves adapt to the properties and functions of the whole (sign or symbol), receiving some specificity acquired in the process of interaction with aggregate elementary sets.

Consider the most characteristic and common elements that form signs and symbols.

The simplest elements can be considered a straight line segment, as part of an infinite spatial straight line, and a curved line (arc), which closes into a circle or forms an infinite spiral in space. These elements determine the forms and structures, as well as the types (directions) of the movement of material and non-material (spiritual) substances in the Universe. Galileo, as an adherent of Plato, outlining the system of the world of Copernicus, said that the circle is perfect not only from an aesthetic and mathematical point of view, but also from the standpoint of mechanics. Accordingly, according to him: “circular motion is naturally inherent in the bodies that make up the Universe and are placed in the best order; rectilinear motion is communicated by nature to bodies and their parts only where they are placed in a bad order, not in their natural places. Johannes Kepler considered “natural” for the physical world not a circular motion, but a rectilinear one, reinforcing the arguments with the movement of celestial bodies and human body. According to his conclusion, "all muscles act according to the principle of rectilinear motion ... successively contracting and expanding." He considered circular motion to be an ideal motion from the point of view of metaphysics and allowed deviations from the circle for real physical bodies. Summarizing the views of Galileo and Kepler, we can say that in the subtle, ideal metaphysical world, preference belongs to the arc, circle and its derivatives (spiral), with some presence of straightness. In the real world, the world of material domination, rectilinear movement and rectilinear forms predominate, with some inclusion of curvilinearity (arcs, circles, spirals, etc.). This can more clearly demonstrate symbolic meaning figures of a circle (composed of a curve or arc) and a square (composed of straight lines).

A circle

A circle since ancient times, it has denoted spiritual forces and the spiritual world, it was visualized as a higher world and located above us. The round shape of the planets and their representation in the form of a circle represent these seemingly purely material bodies endowed with spiratual qualities. The circle symbolizes the spirit. Describes the entire cosmos as a whole - everything that is contained in the wide expanses of heaven. The circumference is sacred as the most natural state, containing the self, the unmanifested, the infinite, eternity. She personifies celestial unity, solar cycles, all cyclic movement, dynamism, endless movement, completion, fulfillment, God. In the Zen system, an empty circle means enlightenment. For the Chinese, the circle is Heaven. In Islam, the circle represents the dome, the vault of Heaven, the Light of God. In Plato, he is "a moving image of immovable eternity."

Square

Square (rectangle)- a figure that combines vertical and horizontal lines, symbolizes the sphere of the material, which, from an occult point of view, is a spirit limited by time. The four sides represent the four elements (fire, air, earth and water), which in turn are the basis of the matter of the physical world. The square personifies the Earth as opposed to the circle of Heaven. It is a limitation and therefore has a form. The quadrilateral represents a talismanic assurance of constancy and stability. For the Pythagoreans, the square symbolizes the soul. The circle and square are symbols of the order of things in space and the world of people.

As the English royal astrologer John Dee (1527 - 1608) noted in Monas Hieroglifica (The Hieroglyphic Monad of 1564): “Through the straight line and the circle, the first simple image came into being and the representation of things, including non-existent and hidden under the covers of nature.

Having presented the general symbolic graphic picture of the universe, let's move on to its element-by-element consideration. Let's turn to the primary sources: a point, an arc and a straight line segment

Dot

Dot means Unity, Origin and Center. As a center, it speaks of wholeness, wholeness, absolute reality. It is the source of all things; the totality of all possibilities; Holy place; break in space and time; point of mutual communication between the three worlds, connecting space and time; an axis that unifies the cosmos both vertically and horizontally; the intersection of macrocosm and microcosm; cosmic order; Aristotle's "immovable engine".

Considering a point as the center of something, it can be noted that moving from the center to the circle means a journey into the existing world and into multiplicity, and the path back to the spiritual center is the path to Unity and truth. The point is the place where space is produced, from which movement emanates and forms arise; the point is an element of both expansion and contraction, convergence, pulling the multiplicity back to the center (from form to content), to harmony, knowledge and enlightenment.

There are two kinds of points: points without dimensions, which are symbols of creative power, and such points, which, as Raymond Lull defines in his book "New Geometry", which are characterized by the smallest real dimensions and are a symbol of the principle of manifestation. and .

arcs

An arc with a top at the bottom or a "bowl". An arc of this type, with its configuration, expresses something that can serve as a receptacle for the spirit, something that can hold the spirit, preserve it. In the Eastern tradition, such a similar symbolic-mystical position of the hands (arms) is the Dhyani mudra (samadhi) - a gesture of a meditator in Dhyanasana. This is an image of a symbolic cup from which the gods drink the nectar of immortality. In this image, one can find an analogy with the “Chandmar Bowl” mudra, which symbolizes the collection of nine jewels that make up the body, mind and soul of a person, as well as the surrounding world. This mudra speaks of the unity of the soul and body, of the unity of Man and the Cosmos. In the operations of modern formal logic, this symbol speaks of the sum of two amounts of information, resulting in a third information value.

An arc with a top at the top or an "inverted bowl". An arc of this type, in its configuration, expresses a state in which there is no way to keep the spirit, displays a state of inertia and lifelessness. AT this case there is a figure of an inverted or overturned bowl, which is characterized by the principle of bestowal. In the Eastern tradition, the hand (arms) bent and raised to shoulder level and turned palm down (fingers look at the shoulder) - Tarpana mudra - reverence posture. In modern formal logic, this symbol denotes the multiplication of information volumes, as a result of which a new volume is obtained, consisting of the first and second elements in the area of ​​\u200b\u200btheir intersection.

) or (- arcs, symbolizing with their configuration a potential spirit, its activity or passivity. By analogy with the crescent of the moon, its phase display, the left symbol speaks of growth, increment, addition, activity, external expression. The right symbol shows decline, exhaustion, waning, passivity or work on the inner level. In Buddhism, the right symbol (the crescent of the Moon) adorned the hair of the god Shiva, who in the divine triad (Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma) acts as a destroyer god, destroying the worlds and gods at the end of each kalpa (Kalpa - 2000 Mahayugas or 8640000000 years). In modern formal logic, these symbols unambiguously characterize attraction, attraction, connection or inclusion ("implication").

( and ) - the arcs of this configuration symbolize the potential spirit and in their totality express potential life or death. It is something that is in a state of equilibrium. It can tip over and go into a state of becoming, fill with vitality, or roll over to become inert. Closing-combining, these arcs form a circle, which was mentioned above. This closing will lead to the transformation of the equilibrium state of the potential spirit. An educated figure will characterize the true spirit and the entire universe.

Direct

Vertical, symbolizes the ascent or descent of spiritual energy or the spirit itself. Expresses movement from top to bottom, that is, from Heaven to Earth or from Heaven to Hell. In some cases, it expresses a movement from the bottom up - from Hell to Earth, or from Earth to Heaven. In occult symbolism, such a vertical line denotes creative power associated with the idea of ​​spiritual power descending from above. In its reflection, it is an active, dynamic element. Like an axis or cosmic axis, the straight line symbol is the central point of time and space (space-time continuum. Auth.); the last pillar of all things; that around which all things revolve, a certain standard or essence of all that exists. The vertical line is heavenly, spiritual and intellectual, positive, active, masculine.

Horizontal symbolizes matter. Expresses movement from west to east. Also, this symbol expresses movement in time - from the past to the future. Represents a passive or static element of being. As a line, it means separation, dimension, border, temporary world. The horizontal line is earthy, rational, passive, negative and feminine.

Quite often in the images of the zodiac signs and symbols of the planets there is a cross. This one of the oldest and most astronomically used symbols has a fairly extensive and varied interpretation in various written sources that exist today.

The cross represents a certain quaternary state - spiritual and neutral. Placed in the mystical Center of the cosmos, it becomes a bridge or ladder by which the soul can reach God. The predominant meaning of the cross is "connection". In a generalized sense, this is the union of opposites: positive (vertical) with negative (horizontal), higher with lower, life with death. The spatial arrangement along the vertical axis indicates the most important level (implying moral and energetic characteristics). The position is along the horizontal axis: the left side is retrospective (the zone of “origin”, associated with the unconscious and darkness), and the right side is the desire for an outcome. The cross is the center of the world and, therefore, the point of communication between Heaven and Earth or the cosmic axis, which has the symbolism of the Cosmic Tree, mountains, columns, stairs, etc.. The cross also bears the symbolism of the four primary elements: Fire, Air, Earth and Water.

If a symbol is generated by the unity of meaning and feeling, then it is impossible to form in us the possibility of understanding the world around us, its meaning, in the practice of comprehending perfection, and at the same time developing our spirit, our soul or sensual sphere, ethical and aesthetic qualities, it is impossible without knowledge of the symbolic.

Sun

Shamash or APSU (Sumero-Acad.), Helios (Greek), Ash-shams (Arabic),

Sun (dr. Russ.).

The solar symbol is represented by a circle with a central dot. This image characterizes its exclusivity and primacy. The sun, symbolically, is the native son and heir of the heavenly God, the beginning of all things and spiritual. This is an all-seeing deity and his power, a motionless being, the heart of the cosmos, the center of being and intuitive knowledge, "the mind of the world" (macrobius), enlightenment, the eye of the world and the eye of the day, unconquered, glory, greatness, justice, royalty. The sun is associated with will and activity. The graphic sign of the planet is represented by some astrologers as a shield of Helios or an endless circle, where the dot symbolizes the inner self. The sun sees everything and knows everything. The sun personifies the center of the universe, as the heart ("inner place"), is the center of man. The fixedness of the center symbolizes eternity and perfect constancy. In India, under the name Surya, it is the eye of Varuna (the god of water and the guardian of the western side); in Persia, it is the eye of Ahura Mazda (Avest. “the wise Lord.” The supreme god of the Zoroastrians, who created the world by the effort of thought; the embodiment of absolute goodness and justice); in Greece it is known as Helios, the eye of Zeus; in Egypt, it is the eye of Ra (the sun god), and in Islam, Allah.

Moon

Sin (Sumero-Acad.), Selena (Greek), Al-Qamar (Arabic),
Louna (other Russian).

The moon is a geometric representation of an arc, or rather a double arc. month in the first quarter. She is represented as a symbol of the eye of the night, while the Sun is the eye of the day. Indeed, the double arc of the lunar symbol resembles the closed eyelid of a closed eye. AT Greek mythology The moon was represented by Selene, often identified with Artemis or Hekate. As a rule, this planet personifies female power, the Mother Goddess, the Queen of Heaven. The moon is everywhere a symbol of the cyclical rhythm of time, of universal becoming. It symbolizes the periodic renewal of creation, time and measure. Previously, time was measured by the phases of the moon, so it was considered the bearer of change, suffering and decline, the condition of human life on Earth. The moon is associated with the imagination and the world of form. All goddesses of the moon control fate and weave its thread. In Egyptian tradition, the moon is considered the "creator afterlife and eternity." In Buddhism, the Moon represents peace, serenity and beauty. In Hinduism, the growing moon symbolizes a newborn, a rapidly and vigorously growing child. In Taoism, the Moon is a symbol of truth, "an eye that shines in the dark." In shamanism, it symbolizes magical power. In China, the Moon represents the essence of yin, the feminine natural principle, the passivity and transience of life, and immortality. In Christianity, the Moon and the Sun are often depicted in scenes of the crucifixion and symbolize the dual nature of Christ. The moon is the seat of the archangel Gabriel, and the sun is the seat of the archangel Michael. The moon is subject to such concepts as faith, hope, mercy and other higher emotions, everyday and household chores.

Mercury

Nabu or MUM - MU (Sumerian-Acad.), Hermes (Greek), Utarid (Arabic), Yermes (other Russian).

Mercury, graphically, is an arc located at the top of the circle of the spirit, which, accordingly, is placed above the cross. Winged helmet of God. The connection of the circle and the cross symbolizes the attraction of matter to the spiritual spheres, which contributes not only to its spiritualization, but also to energy-informational purification (enlightenment). The arc above the circle speaks of the ability to contain (consume and assimilate) spiritual emanations coming from an external source. The process of transformation is visible from the combination of arcs (from top to bottom): CONCAVE - absorption (acquisition) of the spirit, CONVEGENCE - liberation (transfer) of the spirit, CONCANE - subsequent reception of the transformed spirit (assimilation). In Gemini, where Mercury is the ruler, the presence of the air element speaks of a more energetic downward spiritual energy-information flow from the outside. Whereas in the sign of Virgo, which is also ruled by this planet, but in the elements of the earth, priority is given not to the reception of spiritual information, but to the consideration or revision, evaluation and analysis of information already received and worked out earlier. In Virgo, the emphasis is on the cross, not the circle.

The name of the first (according to astronomical account) planet, comes from the Latin root merx ("goods"). Mercury bears the epithet androgyne, since since the time of Ptolemy it has been considered a planet with a dual (ances) nature, male and female. Androgyne (hermaphrodite) means primordial perfection, integrity, unity of opposites, absolute state, autonomy, independence, newly found paradise, the union of primordial male and female forces, heaven and earth, king and queen, first father and first mother. Mercury is the planet of adaptation, indicating the level of knowledge achieved in each of the lives. In alchemy, this planetary god is symbolized by mercury. In Greek transcription, Mercury is Hermes - "interpreter" or "intermediary", therefore he is assigned the task of accompanying the souls of the dead in the underworld (Hermes Psychopomp - "guide of souls"). Mercury is associated with intuition and movement. In astrology, the planet is responsible for communications and "intellectual energy", and also controls the nervous system, as it conducts certain information at the biological level. Mercury is credited with unlimited powers of comprehension. His image in the form of a female figure and the World Soul is no less common and significant than that reduced only to the masculine principle.

Venus

Ishtar or Lahamu (Sumerian-Acad.), Aphrodite (Greek), Az-Zukhara (Arabic), Aphrodict (other Russian).

In the sign of Venus there are elements already considered in the sign of Mercury. However, the ratio of elements suggests that in this case there is no reception of energy-informational influence from the outside. Spiritualization of the material substance takes place, already formed by a holistic and dynamic energy. The difference in the interpretation of this sign may come from its use as the ruler of the zodiacal signs of Taurus or Libra. In Taurus, material substance attracts and separates spiritual energy. Here Venus is in the element of earth, where there is a natural priority for the material sphere and the sphere of possession. Venus here expresses instinctive behavior and base impulses. In Libra, the process of bringing the material substance to a higher spiritual level takes place. In the second case, the material reaches for the spiritual, and the planet controls the sign in the element of air, which contributes to this process. Venus here reflects the thinking and living soul. In Pisces, the symbol of Venus indicates that its spiritual qualities contain complex information about the material sphere, and this information not only exists statically, but also harmoniously combines with active spiritual activity.

The planet is associated with the goddess of love and with copper in alchemy. The symbol that designates this planet in the Zodiac is called by some the “mirror of the goddess Venus”. The planet is associated with love and relationships. Its spiritual significance has two aspects: the aspect of spiritual love and the aspect of physical attraction. According to Claudius Ptolemy, Venus is a planet that influences the action of the internal, immediate, intuitive strength I. Some authors reduce its meaning to a characteristic of the physical and mechanical. This is a quite obvious erroneous view of this symbolism, since when taking into account the true meaning of love, such arguments disappear by themselves. In classical astrology, the planet bears the epithet of small happiness. Venus is subject to such concepts as love, harmony, beauty, art, music, pleasure, taste, a sense of beauty and a woman.

Mars

Nergal or Lahmu (Sumerian-Acad.), Ares (Greek), Al-mirrikh (Arab.), Aris (other Russian).

This sign, the sign of Mars, speaks of the Spirit receiving an impulse - a circle with an arrow pointing upwards. Based on the Aristotelian concept of the division of the Worlds into Upper and Lower, Mars in Aries shows the transformation of the Spirit into the Lower World (the lower hemisphere of the Zodiac). Symbolically, the arrow of the symbol is directed downwards, towards immersion in dense material spheres. This state of mind can be described as purposeful, impulsive, fearless and reckless. In F. Goodman, Mars in this position is related to the idea of ​​the cross, personifying materiality, which burdens the circle of spiritual life. Mars in Scorpio (a planet in the upper hemisphere of the Zodiac) is the forerunner of Sagittarius. This is the impulse received after the Spirit in Libra has become higher in value than its physical environment (see the symbol of Venus). Mars shows the activity of the Spirit in terms of its release from the influence of the material principle, the impulse of the Spirit is directed to the spheres of the psychic. Feeling the importance of its evolution, the Spirit characterizes itself as an all-penetrating, releasing and rebellious substance, and at the same time it is the basis of future achievements, it is the firmament and the foundation of spiritualization. In the sign of Capricorn, the symbol of Mars can be represented by an arrow located above the circle, as a continuation of its diameter. This position speaks of the highest achievement or activity aimed at the highest achievement. This is the sphere of activity in the shaping of ideas.

Mars symbolizes the positive active masculinity, passion, passion and courage, fire. His symbol is the spear and shield of the god Mars, the god of war. It is associated with action and destruction. Its color is red, its metal is iron. Mars was considered the patron of agriculture and the first month of spring was dedicated to him, later he became the god of war. Mars is a symbol of inversion, that is, the connection between the higher unformed world of future possibilities and the lower world of materialized forms.

Jupiter

Marduk or KI - SHAR (Sumero-Acad.), Zeus (Greek),
Al-Mushtari (Arabic), Zeves (other Russian)

The symbol of Jupiter is formed by a cross and an arc. The arc is indicated at the top left of the cross and is adjacent to its horizontal component. Jupiter represents the idea of ​​the cross of matter raised by the arc of potential spirit. From the spirit reflecting itself, the duality of the created world is generated. The elementary symbol of this duality is the number two. The number two is built from a straight horizontal line and a vertical arc. These two components represent beginnings opposite in their essence (an arc is an element of a circle, a straight line is an element of a cross) - a conflict of light and darkness (boundary state). Two is adjacent to the vertical line, which characterizes the axis connecting the Upper and Lower structures of being. Thus, Jupiter can characterize the transitional state both in its upward as well as in its downward descent. So, considering this planet in the sign of its control - Sagittarius, we can talk about the transitional state in which matter finds itself. The arc focuses on spirituality and involves the spiritualization of the material sphere. In this sign, spirituality enthralls or attracts the physical component. There can be presented forces that have a positive or negative impact on the material plane, but in any case, these forces (entities - carriers of these forces) will represent a highly spiritual basis. Orientation to the spiritual here is paramount. In the sign of Pisces, where Jupiter is the second ruler (brother of Neptune), on the contrary, the spiritual is attracted to the physical. Spirit and its carriers are focused on the material sphere. Matter here is the subject of attention and there is a certain transition, a kind of duality. It is in Pisces that an impulse is formed, which will later manifest itself in Aries. Jupiter, which exalts in the sign of Cancer, characterizes the maximum activity of spiritual energy immersed in the material world. According to the culminating characteristic (lat. Exaltatio - exaltation - "greatness", the position of the planet in which its influence is most strong), Jupiter in Cancer shows that the spiritual element is necessary for the vital activity of the physical substance. The absence of a spiritual factor calls into question life (full existence) and the adequacy of the manifested material world of its highest idea.

Since ancient times, Jupiter has been associated with the supreme deity, whose attributes are considered to be lightning, a crown, an eagle and a throne. His sign is the first letter of the Greek word for the god Zeus. The planet bears the epithet "Great Happiness". Symbol of spiritual expansion and love. In some cases, Jupiter is represented as a majestic seated figure, sometimes on a chariot, with a staff or spear. This is the Creator, soul, rational will, organizing force, expression and expansion. It correlates with right judgment and leadership. Its color is blue, purple or orange. Metal - tin.

Saturn

Ninurtu or AN - SHAR (Sumero-Acad.), Kron (Greek), Zukhal (Arabic), Kron (other Russian).

The symbolism of Saturn, like the symbolism of Jupiter, includes a material cross and an arc of a potential spirit. In this case, the arc is attached to the base of the vertical component of the cross. This is consistent with the presentation of D. Dee ("Monas Hieroglifika" 1564.). But from some other sources it follows that Saturn is an inverted image of Jupiter. Saturn, as an inverted Jupiter, is also found in allegorical images of the same time (H. Spiczynski "O ziolach", 1556.). In these images, the arc departs from the horizontal component of the cross. Considering these discrepancies, it is worth paying attention to the fact that in the Zodiac the end of the horizontal axis, to which the arc (“left”) is attached, is characterized as “passivity”, “setting” and “humidity”, and the lower end (according to D. Dee) the vertical axis - "instinctive", "midnight" and "cold" (Saturn - north). The left half and the lower part in occultism from ancient times carried unfavorable omens, were characterized negative qualities and performed the role of objects of hidden content]. From the foregoing, we can conclude that there is no fundamental difference, but it is preferable, after all, to attach the arc to the lower part of the vertical axis. This point highly characterizes stability (the median line of the Earth and Water quadrants), inhibition, stagnation and enslavement in the lower hemisphere of the Zodiac, corresponding to the symbolic qualities of Saturn (see Saturn in the sign of Cancer). This position confirms the characterization of this planet as a foundation or base. Summarizing the symbol of Saturn, we can say that the confrontation between the spiritual and the material (spirit and matter) throws down the arc of the spiritual potential, plunging it into the sphere of oblivion, cold, illusion and non-existence. Saturn also owns such concepts as parting, obstacles, difficulties, losses, opposition, endurance, patience, perseverance, solidity, alienation, loneliness, cold (a characteristic of the lower point of the vertical of the cross. Auth.), age, difficulty, cruelty, etc. In addition, Saturn symbolizes the spirit of darkness, captivated by matter (“midnight” is a characteristic of the lower point of the vertical cross. Auth.), And is associated with dragons, poisonous snakes, cats, mice, foxes and night birds. Saturn in the philosophical (spiritual) meaning, as the ruler of the sign of Capricorn, represents the totality of Ideas resting in Chaos, which have become the body, foundation and self-expression of the Lord (base). In the same sense, Saturn governs the complex of potentialities of the Almighty, his qualities (resources) and his belongings (property). As a planetary symbol - the sickle of the god of time. The color of Saturn is black, the metal is lead.

Uranus

AN (Sumerian), Uranus (lat.), Uranus (Russian).
The planet was rediscovered by Herschel on March 13, 1781.

The symbol of Uranus consists of a cross erected over a circle and two arcs radiating from the ends of the horizontal of this cross. Considering the element of the symbol, which is a cross hoisted over a circle, it is worth noting its similarity with the symbol of an inverted Venus or Mars (personifying the idea of ​​a cross of materiality, burdening the circle of spiritual life). In this capacity, the element of this symbol is quite characteristic of the lower hemisphere. In the upper hemisphere, this element can speak of the separation of the Idea of ​​the interpenetration of spirit and matter (cross) from the spiritual space (circle). The potential spirit, through the arcs located at the ends of the horizontal of the cross, spreads in all directions, giving equal opportunities for manifestation and expression in the world of mixing spatio-temporal factors. The road on the left side is usually considered the path of evil (which is why followers black magic often referred to as "Followers of the Left Hand Path"). The path along right hand, this is the way of goodness. This is the breeding on different sides of certain possibilities of the material realization programmed from above, the definition of their polarities, isolation, bifurcation, as well as the collision, comparison and identification of one polar position in another. Allegorically, this state can be called chaos with a huge potential for expressing concrete unusual, bright and progressive. In astrology, Uranus, the ruler of the Aquarius zodiac sign, is subject to such concepts as suddenness, unforeseen unrest, unexpected tension, unexpected events, nervousness, not calmness, spontaneous spasmodic changes. When considering the concepts belonging to Uranus, the question legitimately arises as to what such an unbalanced characteristic can represent the second ruler of Capricorn, a sign symbolizing confidence, patience, perseverance and perseverance. The fact is that Uranus in Capricorn gives a conscious reformer who is ahead of time and era, active and courageous, transforming himself and the world. This characterizes in an astrological, mystical and religious-philosophical way the qualities, type of energy and resources that are directed by the Almighty (the sign of Sagittarius) to the process of creating Himself and the World (the second House from Sagittarius), the place where He feels active and from where draws energy. Uranus in exaltation (Scorpio) is more pronounced than in Capricorn, because there he really pushes towards a crisis, supports it, contributes to the struggle and overcoming something. If we consider the symbolism of Uranus from a trivial point of view, as some astrologers do, then it only depicts the first letter on behalf of the astronomer Herschel, who discovered it in 1781.

Neptune

EA (Sumerian), Neptunus (lat.), Neptune (Russian).
The position of the planet was calculated theoretically by J. U. Le Verrier (French) and D. C. Adams (English) and rediscovered by J. G. Galle (German) on September 23, 1846.

In the symbol of Neptune there is no circle element and, therefore, there is no spiritual space, a spiritual component. The left and right parts of the horizontal, speaking about different ways of development, get the opportunity for spiritual uplift, through overcoming or rejecting the addictions of the physical plane. There is no activation of the vertical of the cross in the symbol, but there is an orientation towards spheres of a higher spiritual order. Striving for spirituality. Here the priority is spatial orientation, separation from the material and temporal sphere. Timelessness is the main leitmotif of this symbol. Not knowing how to manage the rise (development), one can become disoriented and lose control of the state, fall into non-existence, get lost in space. In a controlled state, Neptune helps to open the horizons of the mysterious and previously unknown. The symbol of Neptune is identical to the trident of Poseidon (Neptune), the god of the sea. In astrology, Neptune is subject to such concepts as delusions, malice, deceit, confusion, uncertainty, mysticism, imperceptibly coming changes, greed, falsehood and lies.

Pluto

US - MI (Sumerian), Pluto (lat.), Pluto (Russian).

The planet was calculated by Percival Lovel in 1930 (founder of the Flagstaff Observatory, Arizona, USA) and rediscovered on 02.1932 or 01.21.1933 by the American astronomer Clyde William Tombaugh (employee of the same observatory).

The image of the symbol of Pluto is "a cross, a small month, above which the circle of infinity hovers." The vertical of the cross is crowned with an arc capable of holding or preserving the spirit. Soaring above the arc is something that has the highest degree of spirituality - a circle. On the one hand, the material factor represented by the cross is predisposed to interaction with the spiritual factor. The cross acts as the initiator of action, demonstrating its transcendental capabilities. He, through conjugation with the arc, is ready to both accept and release spiritual substance for some observable distance. The spirit gets more freedom. Pluto demonstrates this state in the sign of its management - Scorpio. Considering the symbol from the other side, we can say that the Supreme Spirit or spiritual substance descends or plunges into the material womb. The spirit acts here as the root cause or cause of interaction. This descent is an element of fertilization of the material (maternal) structure, penetration into its essence and fixation in it. This position is typical for Pluto, which is the second ruler of the sign of Aries. As noted earlier, Mars, with its symbolism, in this sign similarly demonstrates the descent of the spiritual plane into the lower layers (Lower World) to gain experience and improve the spirit itself. The symbolism of Pluto quite definitely characterizes the position of the planet in the sign of its exaltation - Leo. In this place, a harmonious combination of the perceiving (arc) and preserving (cross) part, activated in Aries, with the spiritual component (circle) is achieved. This trinity of physical, mental and spiritual gives the most vivid opportunities for self-expression of the characteristic features of the planet in Leo. In this sign, these qualities are born in their totality, appear as if in a single impulse.

Pluto is in charge of all hidden processes, the unconscious (unconscious) I. In astrology, he is credited with managing fears, slow growth, group factors, transmutation, beginning and end, birth and death, isolation, coercion, loss, bacteria and viruses. It represents emergence, restoration and rebirth. Expresses everything mysterious.

Earth

KI (Sumerian), Ge (Greek), Earth (Russian).

The symbol of the Earth is a cross enclosed in a circle. It is a limited material element within the spiritual whole. Four radial straight lines emanating from the center of the cross, as it were, connect the source of physical life with the real world(circle). The circle or the true world unites all four directions with its rotation, “smoothing” the corners of the square of the world of phenomena and thereby showing the differentiation of the presented qualities (axes and directions of the cross), the diversity of the world of phenomena and their interaction. The combination of a cross and a circle is a corrected image of the combination of a square (earth) and a circle (sky), at a higher spiritual level of interpretation. This is consonant with the connection of the earthly material with the unearthly and non-material, the reduction of the finite to the infinite.

Mother Earth is the universal archetype of fertility, inexhaustible creative power and sustenance.

In astrology, the Earth is always opposite to the Sun in its location in the chart. It shows how and where we come into contact with the world and represents our life mission. The earth is in direct connection with physical and world problems. She symbolically rules (limited) Taurus and is in exile/imprisonment (limited) in Scorpio.

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24 Zecharia Sitchin. The 12th Planet. New York: Avon Books, 1976.

Gusev Andrey Borisovich

Planets in astrology are one of the fundamental elements on which everything is built. If the Sanskrit meaning of the word "planet" is translated, then in fact it will mean "invader". That is, it is an astral force that has a huge impact on each of us. The planets in astrology have long made us understand what unlimited power they can have over us.
Each of the planets has its own "function", similar to the sign of the zodiac, in which it is at the time of the forecast. In astrology, these are the so-called work and duties of the planet. But the properties, behavior, character is determined by the "quality" of the planet. Surely many have heard such a concept: "Your planet is in such a House."

The designation of the planets and the types of their positions

In general, the signs of the planets in astrology can be divided into three groups:

• Higher (Uranus, Neptune, Pluto);
• Social (Saturn, Jupiter);
• Personal (Venus, Mercury, Mars).

The last type also includes the sun and moon, but for now let's focus on the planets. Each of the planets has its own sign, which came to us from antiquity, when, in particular, great attention was paid to the influence of the cosmos on a person.

Planet signs in astrology:

• Venus - ♀
• Earth - ♁
• Mars - ♂
• Jupiter - ♃
• Saturn - ♄
• Uranus - ♅
• Neptune - ♆
• Pluto - ♇
• Moon - ☽
• Sun - ☉

The designations of the planets in astrology, which is very convenient, are the same as in astronomy. Therefore, you can repeatedly meet them anywhere and at the same time never get confused in the notation. The earth in astrology is a reference point, that is, the place from which observation is carried out. In astrology, planets can move forward, stand still or roll back (retrograde motion of the planets). At the same time, the Zodiac always remains stationary.

Planets in Signs - Qualitative AnalysisAstrology of the planet in signs, akin to a certain habitat. If we imagine that the Earth has a static position, then each of the planets rotates around our planet over time, passing each of the signs of the zodiac in turn. The location of each planet in any of the signs has its own qualities and energy, therefore, at the time of birth, each of us has a certain planet in his sign. So the compiled natal chart by date of birth is directly related to the position of the planet in the sign of the Zodiac. This “duet” subsequently has the greatest influence on the definition of human psychology.If you dig even deeper, the signs of the planets in astrology, or rather in the zodiac, change its characteristics. You need to understand that in this case the connection is two-way. The planet gives the sign a certain color. The psychological component of each personality will depend on this, but it does not affect the spiritual and moral qualities in any way.Fundamentals of the mutual synthesis of planets and signs of the Zodiac.

Astrology by planets has a clear connection with the signs of the Zodiac. As a rule, two aspects of such interaction are distinguished:

• If the planet and the sign have similar qualities, then the effect of such qualities is increased accordingly.
• In the case when the properties of the planet and the sign have opposite qualities, the effect can change or even be neutralized, the so-called mutual annihilation of qualities.

What conclusions can be drawn from this? Astrology by planets and zodiac signs with similar qualities, most often, endows a person with positive psychological characteristics. If the properties of the planet and the sign of the Zodiac differ, then it is necessary to look at what harms the qualities of this planet. Perhaps the luminary has little or too much energy. An excess of energy can result in aggressive behavior, a lack of energy in a weak state, susceptibility to laziness. The best option is when the aspects of the planet and the sign are in harmony. Here, as they say, the whole cosmos favors you.
What is the designation of the planets in astrology from the standpoint of nature and energy? So let's start with energy:

• Evil - Uranus, Pluto, Mars, Neptune, Saturn, (Sun);
• Good - Venus, Jupiter;
• Neutral - Mercury, (Moon).

According to the natural interaction, they select or give energy:

• Takers - Saturn, Neptune, Venus, (Moon);
• Givers - Urn, Jupiter, Pluto, Mars, (Sun);
• Neutral - Mercury.

These basic positions will help you understand how the planet interacts with your zodiac sign. What should you pay attention to in the future and, most importantly, what questions should you ask a professional astrologer in order to get high-quality and comprehensive answers. Only by understanding its nature of interaction and dependence on space forces You will be able to change a lot for the better tomorrow.

The one who does not know why conventions planets in astrology, knows nothing. Do you want to learn how to manage your life? Then read the article to the end. Astrology studies the relationship of celestial sources with their earthly effects. Another civilization of the ancient Sumerians already in the XXII century BC. e. used the symbols of the asterisks.

Astrology

Many authors are convinced that the latest astrology came to us from the priests of Chaldea. This is spoken of by such ancient writers as Cicero, Plutarch, Xenophon and others. The high tower of Babylon, dedicated to the seven planets (Gen. 11:4), is also mentioned in the Bible.

It is known that since the time of Newton, astrology has been declared a pseudoscience, since the mechanisms governing such relationships have not been found. Nevertheless, today this ancient teaching is being revived all over the world. Research in fields such as electromagnetism, meteorology, and biology is increasingly suggesting that the cycles and movements of celestial bodies (especially the Moon, Sun, and huge planets) have a diagnosable effect on terrestrial conditions and organisms. Today in Italy, the USA, France, Germany, Brazil and the countries of the East, universities have astrological faculties, the period of study for which is nine years.

Exemplary science analyzes the impact on the Earth of the six planets of the solar system (Moon, Saturn, Mars, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus) and the Sun. Current scientists actively include in their schemes recently discovered planets (Pluto, Neptune, Uranus), as well as some asteroids.

Separation

Few people know the designation of the planets in astrology. Consider their basic parameters. These are distinguished by the positive influence and gender (according to Papus) as follows:

• Saturn, Jupiter, Sun and Mars are masculine;
• the feminine gender includes the Moon and Venus;
• the neuter planet is Mercury;
• Jupiter, the Sun and Venus are considered beneficent;
• malevolent planets - Mars, Saturn;
• the Moon and Mercury are called neutral.

Each celestial object has its own day of the week, metal and color, their zodiacal influences are recorded. Appropriate astrological symbols and conventional signs are agreed upon for all planets.

Symbols

The designation of the planets in astrology should be studied by every person. After all, they carry non-verbal information about their own essence. Basically, these signs consist of three elements: a cross, representing matter, a circle, symbolizing the spirit, and a semicircle, positioning the intellectual aspect of the soul or mind.

Mercury

What is the designation of the planets in astrology? Consider the symbol for Mercury. It consists of a semicircle, a cross and a circle, showing that it is a trinity human being- spirit, body and soul. From this we can conclude that Mercury is in contact with the philosophical essence of each individual. Students of astrology know that this planet represents the power of the mind or inner perception - the connecting element of human consciousness between the highest spirit and matter. From this it follows that the interpretation of these three symbols makes it possible to tune in to the outgoing from this planetary center.

Venus

The designation of the planets in astrology was used by many ancient civilizations. The symbol of Venus consists of a cross placed under a circle. This planet is characterized by a rhythmic and harmonizing energy that brings beauty, love and tenderness. Although it does not directly affect the human mind, it nevertheless transforms the ways of its mental embodiment in a hidden way.

For example, when Venus is combined with Mercury, the individual shows amazing abilities for harmonious writing and verbal expression. The superiority of the energy of Mars can help him make a military career, and Venus - to become a dancer or actor.

In fact, the Venusian symbol depicts the energy that acts on the spiritual part of a person, on his perception and expression of beauty.

Mars

How does the planet affect the lives of people? The designation in astrology of these heavenly trustees of humanity can tell a lot. The symbol of Mars uses a circle and a cross, modified into an arrow - they indicate the unity of the emotional and physical spheres. The arrow is placed above the circle, showing that Mars affects mainly the modification of physical conditions. The work of this celestial body is to energize that part of nature, which today seems to us unexplored and dark. Mars impels people to action so that they can eventually acquire the necessary knowledge.

Saturn

The graphic designation of the planets in astrology is rather intricate. In the symbol of Saturn, a semicircle and a cross are drawn, conveying that this celestial object is in contact with the interconnection of matter and mind. Some astrologers claim that we "do not affect the zone located above the belt of Saturn", do not touch its higher aspects. In other words, humanity today can only respond to a very limited range of its vibrations.

Saturn has a special function - stabilization and crystallization with its melodic attitude to Mercury makes it possible to make thinking more stable, "material" and unidirectional. As a result, this will direct our thoughts to a detailed analysis of any subject and gain impressive control over them. It should be noted that our involvement in the energies of Saturn is purely material, and if this celestial object touches our consciousness, then the result will be reification.

Jupiter

You do not know why the designation of planets is necessary in astrology? You have probably seen photographs of celestial objects. Royal radiates energy opposite to Saturnian. Its symbol is associated with the nature of the mind - a semicircle placed above the cross shows that matter and mind are invariably linked.

The kind of intellect that reveals the properties of Jupiter is understanding, broad and benevolent. It is placed above the physical segment human essence and can grow to the level of pure reason. This happens because Jupiter is expansive in nature. It unfolds, develops and brings outward from the center, just as Saturn exhibits a centripetal reverse movement.

An overabundance of the energy of this planet can lead the mind to a complete inability to perform any action that requires concentration. Jupiter certainly has to do with the etheric, and not with the physical side of the brain. It contains much more higher spiritual forces than the material brain can manifest at a certain moment.

Uranus

The designation of planets and signs in astrology is being studied by many scientists today. The symbol of Uranus is a combination of the signs of Mars and the Moon - these are two semicircles placed on both sides of the circle and the cross. This picture shows that the spirit, acting with the help of material conditions, is completely controlled by the mind. Since the semicircle (the symbol of the intellectual region of the soul) is placed on both sides of the cross, the sign tells us that the lower and higher minds are working together.

Contemplating the symbol of Uranus, a person hears a new note, which suddenly manifests in him a gift for superconsciousness. This immeasurable generalizing element brings together the different facets of the intellect, symbolized by all celestial bodies. He twists them into a monolithic element, from which a completely isolated person is born, an ideal master of energies.

Neptune

The symbol of Neptune is a trident, which indicates the triplicity of the human spirit. Only those who have been able to achieve the highest spiritual consciousness are able to perceive its unshakable and subtle influence.

The negative manifestation of this celestial body is a variety of mental disorders that, acting with the help of the emotional essence of a person, cause mental illnesses that are difficult to recognize and practically incurable. Nevertheless, the influence of Neptune also gives rise to extraordinary people and geniuses.

other planets

The symbol of Pluto means transformation, extreme situations and higher will. This planet is responsible for destructive and creative forces.

The sun is always depicted as a circle with a sketch of a person's face. This symbol is simplified to a simple circle with a dot in the center, representing the number 10 and infinity.

The moon is always drawn in the form of a crescent, simply and without any explanation.

Astrologers have found and invented spheres of influence for small planets and asteroids, such as Chiron, Proserpina, Priapus, Osiris, Vakshya, Anubis, Tholus, Damoclus ... But classical astrology rejects the possibility of influencing the events of distant planets due to their remoteness, and small ones due to with their insignificance.

A person is born under the influence of this or that planet, and it endows him with certain qualities. They weaken or intensify depending on which constellation of the zodiac is a benevolent planet, and in which one is hostile.

The Greeks named this planet in honor of their god of trade, the patron saint of shepherds and travelers, and also the messenger of the gods. They called him in Rome. The symbol of the planet is a caduceus, the "messenger's staff", with two snakes wrapped around it. Alchemists sometimes used this sign to designate fast silver (as they called mercury) and medium (in Latin dies Mercurii, hence French mercredi and Spanish miercoles). In biology, this symbol refers to any hermaphrodite organism, for example, an earthworm, which has both male and female reproductive organs.

Venus

Venus So the Romans named the second planet from the Sun, in honor of their goddess of love and beauty. The original symbol (the crossbar was added later, so as not to give the symbol a pagan look) depicted, as is believed, a mirror or beads. For alchemists, the sign denoted copper (mirrors were once made of copper). Of the days of the week, the sign denotes Friday (in Latin - (dies Venerus, "Venus' day", hence the French vendredi; English Friday comes from Frigg or, the Norwegian equivalent). The sign is used in botany and zoology to designate a female (or woman ), and as such was introduced by the Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus in the mid-18th century.

Earth

• Earth The circle and the cross (both signs are from Christian symbols) as a designation of the Earth began to be used from the end of the 16th century, when the Earth was recognized as a planet.

Moon

• Moon The image of the moon comes from the Egyptian hieroglyph. For medieval alchemists and astrologers, it was a symbol of silver and Monday (the Anglo-Saxon topapye means "day of the moon", this is a translation of the Latin dies lunae, hence the French lundi).

Mars

Mars Because of the reddish hue, which the Romans thought looked like blood, the planet closest to Earth was named after their god of war; the symbol of the planet is represented by the shield and spear of Mars. It is also a symbol of Tuesday (the English word Tiesday comes from the name of the Teutonic god Tiu, who was identified with: Latin this day was called dies Martis, "day of Mars", hence the French mardi), The sign also corresponds to iron, the metal most associated with this god. Since the middle of the 18th century, this symbol has been used in biology to designate a male.

Jupiter

Jupiter The symbol of the largest planet, named after the main god in Roman mythology, comes from the Greek letter zeta, Z. The Greek equivalent of Roman. The crossbar, making the sign look like a cross, was added at the beginning of the 15th century. to make the sign Christian. This symbol also means zinc and Thursday (English Thursday comes from "Thor's day", as translated from Latin dies Jovis, "Jupiter's day"; hence the French jeudi. Both Jupiter and were gods of thunder; at one time this day was called Thundersday , "storm day", hence the German Donnerstag). In biology, this symbol denotes a perennial plant.

Saturn

Saturn For the ancient Greeks, Saturn was the most distant planet. Greek: The philosopher Aristotle named it after the mythological ruler and son; The Romans named the planet Saturn, after the god of crops and the patron of agriculture, who in their mythology took the place of Chronos. depicted with a sickle or scythe; the sickle is clearly visible on the sign. It was also a symbol of the Sabbath (English Saturday comes from dies Saturni, the day that the Romans dedicated to Saturn) and lead.

Uranus

Uranus This seventh planet, discovered in 1781 by English astronomer William Herschel, is named after Greek god heaven, wife, goddess of the Earth, The given symbol means "Herschel's planet", he changed the original designation, which strongly resembled the sign of Mars (the sign resembles two "H" - the first letter of the English spelling of Herschel's name - approx. transl.).

Neptune

Neptune The trident is a symbol of the Roman, after which the eighth planet is named. It was discovered by two German astronomers Johann Galle and Heinrich D "Arrest in 1846. Another symbol, which is a monogram of L and V, was created by French astronomers in order to mark Urbain Le Verrier, who calculated the existence and location of the planet, where it and was found.

Pluto

Pluto The symbol of the ninth and most distant planet has a double meaning: as a monogram of the first two letters of the planet named after the Roman god of the underworld, and as the initials of the American astronomer Percival Lovell, who tried to prove the existence of this planet and in whose observatory this planet was discovered on February 18 1930. By the way, Lovell called his unknown planet "planet X", and now all the planets of the solar system that have not yet been discovered are called that.