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Kwasuraknown as slavic god Joy and Moderation. His name is consonant with the names of two drinks "kvass" and "surya". Surya or otherwise suritsa is a magical Slavic drink. It is believed that this drink was available only to the Gods, but God Kitovras, brother of Kvasura, simplified the preparation of the drink and it became available to people. Sometimes Kwasura is considered the God of intoxicating drinks, but, most likely, such an idea is erroneous. Although you can really get drunk from kvass or surya, Kvasura is precisely the God of Moderation, the ability to stop in time during fun.

The story of Kvasura's birth is the same as that of his brother, the centaur Kitovras. Both Gods appeared from the spray of the source of living water. The source was opened when Semargl, the God of Fire, struck a stone with his fiery sword to make Maya-Zlatogorka drink, who had just given birth to Kolyada and Avsenya.

Kvasura, like Kitovras, combines physical strength and wisdom. Unlike his brother, who took up the study of magic, Kvasura received worldly, worldly wisdom, which he teaches people.

Legends and myths about God Kwasur

Few legends about God Kwasur have survived, we know almost nothing about his participation in the exploits of other Gods. Kwasura is represented as a tall red-haired and red-bearded man who appears at feasts where they drink surya or intoxicated honey. Kvasura laughs contagiously, loves to joke, involves other people in his amusements, from which people drink a lot at the feast and quickly get drunk. However, Kvasura himself noticed that if a person drinks a lot of suritsa, his joy is only temporary, and in his soul such a person is often sad. Therefore, Kvasura began to be revered as the God of Moderation, who teaches people to see the true joy of life, and not to waste time in idleness and festivities.

Amulet - a symbol of God Kvasura

The symbol of God Kwasura is called Oberezhnik. This pattern is similar to four "G"s that intersect in the center, forming a diamond.

This amulet protects against uncertainty, which pushes a person to rash acts and idle fun, but instead brings sincere joy. In addition, the Guardian symbol helps to cope with diseases, but not of the body, but of the spirit: from addiction to addictions, despondency, longing.

God Kwasura in the northern tradition of divination and magic

The symbol of the God Kvasura Oberezhnik is depicted on one of the Slavic Res of the Rod.

Reza number – 29.

Reza of God Kwasuraappears in the alignment when the questioner tries to hide from his problems, tries not to notice the lack of sincere joy in life and replaces it with idle fun. Kwasura warns that such behavior harms relationships with loved ones, business, and health. The appearance of the Reza of the God of Moderation is an advice to change your lifestyle, to admit that not everything is good now, to believe in yourself and start looking for a way out of the situation.

Read more about the meaning of Reza God Kwasura in divination in the article "

God Loki, the most cunning liar, the god of mischief and deceit, the most charming of all the gods in Scandinavian mythology. He is cunning and cunning, he had the rarest quality for a mythological character - a change in character. Once, at the dawn of time, he helped in the creation of the world and countless times helped other gods. Later, his pranks became more malevolent, such as when he cut off the hair of the goddess Siv. And then anger finally took possession of him, which manifested itself, for example, in the murder of Baldur, which Loki himself arranged.

Loki was married three times. His first wife's name was Glut, and she bore him two children, Einmuria and Eise; all three names are associated with fire and its warmth, because Loki was also considered a god hearth, tranquility and relaxation, which is why the peasants revered him as the greatest of the gods. The children from his second marriage were less likeable. The giantess Angbroda bore Loki three children. The first daughter is Hel, goddess of death; one son is Jörmungandr, the World Serpent, and the other is Fenrir, a dire wolf that threatened the very existence of the gods. The third wife of Loki was the beautiful Sigyn. Her children were named Narvi and Vali.

Children of Loki and Angrbod: Hel, Jörmungandr and Fenrir

There are many more stories about the Scandinavian god Loki than about other gods. He could be kind, helped many, entertained them. One day, the giantess Skadi ascended to Asgard to avenge the murder of her father Thiassi. Loki began to distract her, telling various obscene stories, and Skadi changed her anger to mercy.

Sometimes Loki was extremely cruel. One day, while walking with Odin and Hoenir along the river bank, Loki noticed an otter that was about to eat a salmon. God threw a stone at her and killed her. But it was no ordinary otter, but Otter, one of the sons of the troll king Hreidmar. So it started sadly famous history about the gold of Andvari and the ruin of the family of Hreidmar.

As you know, the children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda were Hel, Jörmungandr and Fenrir. It was a marriage forbidden by the gods, in a cave, but they grew so fast that Odin knew of their existence. He ordered Loki to destroy them before they grew large enough to become a threat to the entire world. One cast Hel into Niflheim, and in this gloomy realm she became the goddess of death. He threw the Serpent Jörmungandr into the deep sea, and so the World Serpent appeared, which, lying in the middle of the sea, girded the seabed and biting its own tail.

The third son of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, the wolf Fenrir. One brought him in in order to cultivate kindness in him. But Fenrir was rapidly growing in size, and at the same time, ferocity grew in him. Then the gods decided to make the strongest chain and bind him so that he could no longer threaten them. After Fenrir broke the two chains, the dwarves wove the thinnest fetters - Gleipnir. Fenrir allowed her strength to be tested on himself, but only on the condition that one of the gods put his hand in his mouth as a guarantee that no magic would be used against him. None of the gods dared. Tyr invested right hand into the mouth of a wolf and immediately lost it. Then the wolf was put in underworld where he howled wildly. To silence him, the aces thrust a sword into his mouth: the hilt rested under the tongue, and the tip against the palate, and blood flowed from his throat in a huge river.

The gods of Scandinavian myths captivate Loki

Loki's pranks became more and more vicious. With his love of lies and other people's secrets, he constantly quarreled with the gods with each other. One of the most disgusting tricks he did was to cut off Sif's magnificent golden hair. As a result of this and his subsequent bet with Brokk and Sindri, Loki was in pain because his lips had been stitched together.

Soon Loki abandoned petty villainy and he was seized by a vengeful passion for destruction. He began with Balder, and then appeared to the gods for a farewell dinner and insulted them in the most caustic terms. The gods considered that enough was enough for them, and decided to bind the villain. Loki could shape-shift and turned into a fish. The gods of Scandinavian myths: , and Kvasir still managed to catch him. They led him to a deep cave, forced Loki's son Vali to turn into a wolf and tear his brother Narvi's throat. The aces took out his intestines and tied Loki to three huge stones. The fetters have turned to iron. The giantess Skadi took poisonous snake and hung over Loki's head so that the poison dripped onto his face until the end of days. Each drop of poison caused unbearable pain to the overthrown god. During the great battle of the hour, the gods will have to regret very much that they treated Loki so cruelly.

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My beloved children!
You are WITNESSES!
Yesterday I almost gave up my reputation as a serious Explorer.
Even if it's not scientific!
I, an old man, "got not one foot in the bucket," but TWO at once!
Yes, and put on his head a eaten half of a watermelon. (Like A.M. Gorky at school!
When he played a joke on his teacher like that. for which he was expelled!) In Billiards, such a blow with a cue is called "Pants" (Two balls in two pockets. Yes, even at an angle of 45 degrees.)........
.................... ........................... ..........................

So:
Yesterday I was NOISY "Crowed!"
In my pre-scientific conjectures, I suggested:
Thinking about cacti and the Nature of Needles, I came to the conclusion that people used to be HORNED.
Then I CONVINCED MYSELF!
Joyful, he ran to share his Joy with you.
For some reason I dragged myself to the store.
For some reason I bought the newspaper "24 hours ..."
I saw in it the article "Horned People!"
Shaking with excitement, I INFORMED EVERYONE about my "SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY!"
NIGHT (!!!) Sat down to read...
And... almost had a heart attack!
IT TURNED OUT:
The article is not on page 2, as I happily yelled to EVERYONE who wants to hear.
And on page 19.
And about HORNED people there is NOT A WORD!
From such a "joke" my eyes darkened.
With my violent temper, it was hard for me not to jump out into the street.
Like the hero of Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens).
See his story "How I edited an agricultural newspaper".
Where did the "spreading cranberry" come from. Which needs more SHAKE!
....................... ....................... ......................

Now that I've calmed down and can laugh (at myself!)
I remember all the "circumstances of the case!"
And how earlier I, an old donkey, did not see how the God of Mischief carefully rubbed the stairs with banana peels, how carefully he laid out the watermelon peels, how touchingly he calculated the entire flight path so that I would not hit my head flying down the stairs no worse than a dive bomber.
And how nicely seated the audience.
He prepared them for perception no worse than the heroes of Balzac's story "The illustrious Godissard!"
Well, I'm fine! I - "gray man!"
And how many True Scientists parted with their SCIENTIFIC Reputation, honestly earned.
And how many translators from Japanese were shot because of such translations as "an elephant in leather tops." Or how "the sheep has taken a bath!"
Once I wrote a story:
The God of Mischief (see the movie "Mask". Where did I get this concept!) decided to laugh.
Found a young guy on the planet. Handsome like Bruce Lee.
And for 5 years he "baited" him. Like goldfish!
For 5 years, the God of Mischief helped the boy to break bricks with his BARE HAND!
LITTLE it seemed to him.
The boy began to prick the chimney with his handsome face.
For 5 years the God of Mischief helped him from above.
And for the thousand and first performance I DID NOT!
Imagine a "picture":
Thousands of spectators are waiting!
The boy effectively scatters. stops! He sharply hits his head on a brick pipe ...
And .... Oh. Horror!
And my "Bear" - that is, a computer! - (The God of Mischief played a joke here too!) - began to slip some pictures on me ...
................................ .......................... ..........................

Once I worked at the factory "Polligraph. mash!"
(sharpened cutters with my students).
And a pensioner of the highest rank worked nearby. And behind Party.org.
on which it depended: I will end up in a psychiatric hospital for "anti-Sovietism." Or not!
And we loved to joke no less than the heroes of Balzac.
And for a whole YEAR we "prepared Nikolai ... (I don't remember the Patronymic!)
According to the script we whole year jumped up to him. And "Trained REFLEXES!"
According to the "tradition" we shouted: "Give me the money, you bastard!" (Like the cat Basilio and the Fox in the "Golden Key!" - When Pinocchio was robbed!)
According to the same scenario, this pensioner with a LUXURIOUS GESTURE brushed us off like a fly. And in a tragic baritone, as in the ancient drama of Sophocles, he growled: "Be quiet, BITCH!"
.......................... .............................. ............................
Needless to say, once, for the first time in 40 years of excellent work, a pensioner was late for work! And came ONLY FOR DINNER!
But WHAT!!!
He was blue like Fantomas!
Only a month later, he. with tears in his eyes, he told us about his misfortune:
His wife worked in the same factory.
And she knew exactly where his PRIZE was!
It's not hard to guess!
There were slalom (!!!) skis on the balcony!
If you have an imagination (and you, scumbags, did not lose it!!!) - you will see a pensioner with a blue face ...
And I had a LOT of such stories in my life !!!
So be vigilant!
The God of Mischief DOES NOT SLEEP!
P.S. Everything. what is written here is TRUE!
You may not believe me.
But...it was.
grandfather.

The Scandinavian god Loki is very popular, this is a bright, pretentious character who usually causes a smile and the most positive emotions, despite the fact that aces and people have suffered a lot because of his antics. Loki is a god in many ways unique. He lives with the Aesir in Asgard, but he himself comes from the Jotun family, his father is Farbauti (“hard-hitting”), and his mother is Lauveya (“island of larches”). Ases knew Laufey under the name Nal, which means "needle". Nal brought little Loki to Asgard after the death of Farbauti and soon died herself, presumably from grief.

Loki is a god, but you need to understand that he is fundamentally different from those with whom he lives, from the aces and vans of Asgard. In general, this is a classic trickster, that is, a "deceiver", "cunning". Actually, the aces took him for an incredibly dodgy mind and the ability to find a way out of any situation. Thus, Loki is the god of deceit, witchcraft, volatility, cunning, deceit, intrigue, lobbies. Also, Loki is the god of mankind, in the sense that among all the inhabitants of Asgard, he most of all resembles a mere mortal. He is in constant search, he is interested in the secrets of the universe, he asks questions that others simply do not think about. But far from always his thoughts are sublime. Loki is a vengeful, envious, dishonest god. However, he is not so bad, because he knows compassion and sacrifice (even if forced). Suffice it to recall the corresponding episode of the “Younger Edda”, which tells how Loki, in the form of a mare, distracts the magical stallion Svadilfari, due to which the master jotun was not able to build an impregnable wall around Midgard in one winter. So Loki saved Freya from a terrible marriage and helped the aces maintain their dignity.

Another Eddic song tells how Loki (the god of mischief, among other things) once again saves the honor of Asgard, becoming the only one who managed to make Skadi, the daughter of the giant Thiazzi, who kidnapped Idunn and her golden apples that gave immortality to the gods, laugh. In addition, it is Loki who, in the Song of Sigurd, goes to the Brisings for gold, which should be a ransom for the killed otter, thus saving Odin and Hoenir. Of course, Loki is an ambiguous god, in the sense that, unlike other heroes of Scandinavian legends, his actions are ambivalent, sometimes he helps aces and people, and sometimes his actions harm them. In addition, we must not forget that during Ragnarok, Loki will fight on the side of Hel against the Aesir and will meet in a deadly battle with Heimdal.

Scandinavian god Loki: etymology, origin, family

The god Loki plays one of the key roles in Scandinavian mythology, but the question of the origin of his name is still open. One of the main versions (which confirms the idea that Loki is the god of fire, an element with a changeable disposition) is based on the assumption that the word "loki" comes from the more ancient "log", which means "fire" in Old Norse. ". It is also suggested that Loki is derived from the Old Norse "lúka", which means "lock, complete". There are other versions according to which the Scandinavian god Loki is close to the cult of the bear (from the Lithuanian "lokys" - "bear") or the cult of the wolf (from the Greek "Λύκος" - "wolf").

Above was a myth that says that Loki is a god from the genus of jotuns, not aces. But there are other legends that contradict this version. Some researchers believe that the Scandinavian god Loki was the son of the primordial frost giant Ymir, probably his firstborn, who appeared long before Odin. According to this version, his brothers and sisters are Hler (water), Ran (sea), Kari (air), and then the idea that Loki himself is the god of fire looks quite logical.

The Scandinavian god Loki is not alone, in the sense that he has a family, and what a family! His first wife is a mighty giantess warrior, and his children are known to all of us - this is the goddess of Helheim named Hel, the chthonic serpent Jörmungandr, the infernal wolf Fenrir. From his second wife, Sigyn (her parentage is unclear) norse gods Loki has two children - Vali and Narvi. The fate of this couple is very sad. After the god Loki (in Scandinavian mythology, this plot is an exception in many ways) finally “got” the aces with his antics, his eldest son (apparently, Vali) was turned into a wolf and set on the younger (Narvi). The intestines of the slain Narvi Loki were tied to a rock, over which a huge poisonous snake was placed. The poison drips onto Loki's face and he writhes in unbearable pain (the Scandinavians believed that this was the cause of earthquakes). However, this does not happen often, since Sigyn (an allegory of a faithful wife and inconsolable mother) holds a bowl over Loki's face, thus protecting him from poison. But when the cup overflows, Sigyn steps back to pour out the poison, then the poison dripping from the snake's mouth falls on Loki's face.

God Loki in Scandinavian mythology: (un)fairly condemned?

The god Loki in Scandinavian mythology plays an important plot-forming role. As we have already found out, he often interfered with the aces, but also helped them to the same extent. Such things as Gungnir (Odin's spear), Mjolnir (Thor's hammer), Skidbladnir (Freyr's ship), Draupnir (Baldr's ring), Gullinbursti (Freyr's boar) appeared among the lords of Asgard precisely thanks to the cunning and wisdom of the god Loki. In Scandinavian mythology, it is difficult to find a more successful "getter" of magical artifacts! Nevertheless, the god Loki (pictures with his image can be found in ancient Icelandic lists) was condemned to eternal torment. Strictly speaking, in the context of this story, it is not surprising that in the last battle he fights the aces on the side of his daughter.

What does the god Loki look like? The image of this cunning is given in the “Younger Edda” by Snoria Sturlusson, where Loki is short and good-looking, he probably has long hair and a beard. This description corresponds to the famous depiction of the god Loki in the pages of the Edda Oblongata, a seventeenth-century Icelandic manuscript. In general, images of the god Loki are widely represented by European painters of the 18th-19th centuries, but it is difficult to say how objective they are. Much more curious are the English paintings of the 11th century, but there the emphasis is more on his wife Sigiyun, and not on the god Loki himself. Pictures of modern origin often have nothing to do with historical originals, especially when it comes to Hiddleston as a charismatic Marvel villain.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that the god Loki (images from the original Icelandic sources are presented above, they are not difficult to distinguish from later ones by their characteristic technique) is indeed the most controversial character in Scandinavian mythology. In this sense, one cannot fail to recall the famous "Harley of Loki" from the Elder Edda. In that episode, the trickster accuses the gods and goddesses of Asgard of cowardice, lies, dishonor and unchastity, and all his accusations are fair. In addition, Loki admits his guilt for the death of Baldur. We often forget this episode, although, in all likelihood, it is in it that the true image of the hero is revealed.

Dionysus, Greek Bacchus, lat. Bacchus is the son of Zeus and Semele, the daughter of the Theban king Cadmus, the god of wine, winemaking, viticulture.

He was born in Thebes, but at the same time, Naxos, Crete, Elis, Theos and Eleftheria were considered his birthplace. The fact is that his birth took place in a rather complicated way. On the eve of the birth of Dionysus, the jealous wife of Zeus decided to destroy the child. In the guise of an old nanny, she visited Semele and persuaded her to ask Zeus to appear before her in all his strength and glory. Zeus could not refuse Semele, as he had previously sworn to her by the waters of Styx (the most unbreakable oath) that he would fulfill her every desire. Moreover, this request flattered his male pride, and he appeared to her in thunder and lightning. What Hera was waiting for happened: lightning set fire to the royal palace and incinerated the earthly body of the mortal Semele. Dying, she managed to give birth to a premature baby. Zeus left his beloved to her fate, but protected the child from the fire with a wall of thick ivy that grew around him by the will of God. When the fire subsided, Zeus brought his son out of hiding and sewed him into his thigh to denounce. At the appointed time (three months later), Dionysus was "born again" and was given to Zeus for care (see also the article "Semele").

Hermes was not married and, as a messenger of the gods, kept away from home, so there was no question of a serious upbringing of little Dionysus. Therefore, Hermes gave Dionysus to Semele's sister Ino, the wife of the Orchomenian king. Upon learning of this, Hera sent madness to Athamas, hoping that he would kill Dionysus. But he only killed his own sons and wife, since Hermes intervened in time and saved Dionysus. deep cave, overgrown with vines, and nurtured, despite all the intrigues of Hera. There, Dionysus first tasted wine, the god of which Zeus made him. From there, Dionysus brought the first seedling of the vine to hand it to the Athenian shepherd Icarius in gratitude for the warm welcome. Dionysus taught Icarius to grow grapes and make wine from it, but this gift did not bring happiness to the shepherd.

People received the news of the birth of Dionysus and his intoxicating drink with mixed feelings. Some immediately enthusiastically began to indulge in his cult, others were afraid of what might come of it, still others resolutely opposed him. (You can read about this in the articles Lycurgus, Pentheus, and Minius.) On the way, Dionysus also came across random ill-wishers, like Tyrrhenian pirates, who kidnapped him, mistaking him for a royal son and counting on a rich ransom. On the ship, Dionysus threw off the shackles, braided the entire ship with vines, and he himself turned into a lion. Pirates in fear rushed into the sea and turned into dolphins (with the exception of the helmsman, who persuaded the robbers to let Dionysus go). Gradually, people nevertheless recognized the divine power of Dionysus and still pay tribute to his gift - wine (sometimes even more than good for health).

It is fair to say that for the Greeks, Dionysus was not only the god of wine, winemaking and viticulture, but also the patron of fruit trees and bushes, the fruits of which he poured juice, and ultimately they saw him as the god of the fruitful forces of the earth. Since viticulture and horticulture require diligence, diligence and patience, Dionysus was revered as the giver of these precious qualities and the wealth that comes to the diligent and skilled. As the god of wine, Dionysus was honored primarily for the fact that he delivered people from worries (one of his names is Liei, that is, “liberator”) and gave them the joy of life. With his gifts, Dionysus refreshed the spirit and body, promoted sociability and fun, ignited love and stimulated the creative forces of artists. There was no price for these gifts - but only if the fans of Dionysus adhere to the wise old rule: "meden agan" - "nothing beyond measure."

By origin, Dionysus is not greek god, and, most likely, Thracian or Asia Minor; his middle name is of Lydian-Phrygian origin. Already in ancient times his cult spread throughout the Greek (and later Greco-Roman) world, although myths testify that this cult did not develop unhindered everywhere. The name Dionysus is found on 14th century Cretan Linear B tablets. BC e., found at Knossos. However, Homer does not yet name Dionysus among the main gods. According to Hesiod, the wife of Dionysus was whom he recaptured from Theseus when he stopped on the island of Naxos on the way from Crete. From the connection of Dionysus with Aphrodite, Priapus, the god of fertility, was born (see also Zagreus and Iacchus).

The cult of Dionysus in Greece, writes Plutarch, "was at first simple but cheerful, but later its festivities became more and more noisy and unbridled." (One of the epithets of Dionysus: "Bromium", i.e. "noisy", "stormy".) Under the influence of Eastern cults, in some places they turned into genuine vacancies.

hanalia in the current sense of the word, their participants were embraced by ecstasy, that is, frenzy (of the spirit from the body). Particularly unbridled were the night festivities, in which women took part in the costumes of the companions of Dionysus (Bacchae, maenads, bassarids, fiades). In Boeotia and Phocis, these admirers of his even attacked the bodies of sacrificial animals and devoured raw meat, believing that by doing so they partake of the body and blood of the god himself. In a similar way, his cult developed among the Romans, who adopted him at the end of the 5th century. BC e. In 186 BC. e. a special resolution of the Senate was even adopted against excesses and revelry at these holidays.

In Athens (and among the Ionians in general) the original character of the Dionysian festivities was preserved for the longest time. They were arranged several times a year, the most significant (Great Dionysius) - at the end of March. In the history of culture, first of all, their final performances were imprinted, during which a choir of singers dressed in goat skins sang songs accompanied by dance - the so-called dithyrambs. Over time, Greek tragedy developed from these dithyrambs - one of the most valuable contributions of the Greeks to human culture. Actually, "tragedy" means "song of the goat" or "song of the goats", and the singers in goat skins portrayed the goat-legged companions of Dionysus - the satyrs. From comic songs on village dionysia, Greek comedy developed. Many works by Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides and Aristophanes, which still do not leave the stage, were first played on the Athenian dionysia. Under the southeastern slope of the Acropolis, the theater of Dionysus, built in the 6th century BC, is still preserved. BC e., where these games took place for more than half a millennium.

Greek artists often depicted Dionysus, and in two forms: as a serious mature man with thick hair and a beard, or as a young man. On one of the best ancient statues - “Hermes with Dionysus” by Praxiteles (c. 340 BC), Dionysus is depicted as a child. Many images of Dionysus have been preserved on vases and reliefs - separately, with satyrs or Bacchantes, with Ariadne, with Tyrrhenian robbers, etc.

European artists depicted Dionysus with no less sympathy than ancient ones. Of the statues, the Bacchus by Michelangelo (1496-1497), the Bacchus by Pogini (1554) and the Bacchus by Thorvaldsen (c. 1800) stand out first of all. Of the paintings - "Bacchus and Ariadne" by Titian (1523), two paintings by Caravaggio: "Bacchus" (1592-1593) and "Young Bacchus" (created a little later), "Bacchus" by Rubens (1635-1640, located in St. Petersburg , in the Hermitage).

Of the numerous sculptures, paintings, frescoes in art galleries and castles in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, we note the drawing by Romano "The Procession of Bacchus" in the Moravian Gallery in Brno and "Bacchus with a Vine and Cupid" by De Vries in the Wallenstein Garden in Prague (a cast copy of the original taken to 1648 by the Swedes).

Dionysus, whose statue stood on the stage of every ancient theater, in modern times again hit the stage, mainly due to the merits of composers. In 1848, the opera-ballet The Triumph of Bacchus was written by Dargomyzhsky, in 1904, The Triumph of Bacchus by Debussy, in 1909, the opera Bacchus by Massenet.

AT modern language Dionysus (Bacchus) allegorically - wine and fun associated with it:

"Hold out, bacchal refrains!"
- A. S. Pushkin, "Bacchic Song" (1825).