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Pedigree painting: Gorenko Andrey Yakovlevich

Generation 1___

1. Gorenko Andrei Yakovlevich (About 1784-?)
Gender: male. Great-grandfather in the direct male line, Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko, as can be seen from his
formulary list, preserved in the affairs of the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate6,
descended from the serfs of the landowner Orlov, from the village of Matusovo, Cherkasy district of Kyiv
provinces. He was born around 1784. In December 1805, on recruitment duty, he entered as a private in
41st Chasseur Regiment. As part of this regiment, he participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812, first in
Wallachia, then in Bulgaria. In 1810, he distinguished himself "when defeating the enemy near the Temruk River and taking
the captive of the very commander of the Turkish army, the three-bunch pasha Pehlivan, with his officials.
In the summer of 1812, the regiment was transferred to the war with Napoleon. Andrey Gorenko participated in the battle under
Red, and then at the "village of Borodino" he was in a general battle, for which he has a silver
medal". Having done the entire foreign campaign with the regiment, "1814, March 18 at the city of Paris in the battle
was "and for taking it was also awarded a silver medal. In March 1813 Andrei Yakovlevich
Gorenko was promoted to non-commissioned officer, in December 1815 he received the rank of ensign, deserving that
most noble dignity (personal, not hereditary). We only know about his wife that her name was
Maryana. A metric certificate has been preserved, which says that on August 7, 1818 "at
Andrey Yakovlevich Gorenko, a non-commissioned officer of the Jaeger Regiment, and his wife Mariyana had a son Anthony" -
Akhmatova's grandfather.
Died
Around 1784: Born
1818: Anton is born (2-1)
Wife: ... Mariana ....

Generation 2___

2-1. Gorenko Anton Andreevich (1818-1891)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 73. Akhmatova's grandfather paternal line was Anton Andreevich
Gorenko, born on August 7, 1818. At the age of 14, he was a cabin boy of the Black Sea Artillery School, at 20 -
non-commissioned officer of the 2nd training marine crew in Sevastopol. In 1842 he was an ensign, in 1851 -
second lieutenant During the Crimean War, as stated in his official list, he "participated in the defense
Sevastopol. He was in a real battle on October 5, 1854 at the Nikolaev battery at
repelling the attack of the united enemy fleet. "In 1855 he was awarded the Order of St. Anna 3rd
degree, and in 1858 - St. Vladimir of the 4th degree, thereby he acquired hereditary nobility and was
included in the second part of the genealogical book of the nobles of the Tauride province. By 1864 he was a staff captain,
caretaker of the Sevastopol Marine Hospital; in 1882 - major, superintendent of port lands and gardens
in the Sevastopol. Died in 1891. He was married to the daughter of lieutenant Ivan Voronin - Irina (1818-1898).
Father of nine children
1818: Born. Father: Andrey Yakovlevich Gorenko, mother: ... Maryana ....
1846: Maria is born (3-2)
1848: Andrei was born (4-2)
1850: Peter was born (5-2)
1852: Leonid was born (6-2)
1854: Anna is born (7-2)
1856: Mikhail is born (8-2)
1858: Vladimir was born (9-2)
1861: Hope is Born (10-2)
1862: Eugenia was born (11-2)
1891: Died
Wife: Voronina Irina Ivanovna, life expectancy: 80.
1818: Born
1898: Died

Generation 3___

3-2. Gorenko Maria Antonovna (1846-?)
Gender Female.
Died
Got married
1846: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
Husband: Tyagin Alexey Alekseevich.

4-2. Gorenko Andrey Antonovich (1848-1915)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 67.
Married. Wife 1.
Married. Wife 2.
Leonid was born (18-4(2))
Married. Wife 3.
Married. Wife 4.
1848: Born. Mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna, father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich.
1875: Nicholas was born (19-4(3))
1878: Anton was born (20-4(3))
1885: Inna was born (12-4(1))
1887: Andrei was born (13-4 (1))
1889: Anna is born (14-4(1))
1892: Irina was born (15-4(1))
1894: Iya is born (16-4(1))
1896: Victor is born (17-4(1))
1915: Died
Wife 1: Stogova Inna Erazmovna (2f), life expectancy: 78.
Got married. Husband: Zmunchilla... (1m).
1852: Born. Father: Erasm Ivanovich Stogov, mother: Anna Egorovna Motovilova.
1930: Died
Wife 2: ....
Wife 3: Vasilyeva Maria Grigorievna (1f).
Wife 4: Akhsharumova Elena Ivanovna (3f). widow of Rear Admiral Strannolyubsky

5-2. Gorenko Petr Antonovich (1850-1894)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 44. It is known that the third child, Petr Andreyevich Gorenko (b.
16.1.1850), in 1864 he studied at the Simferopol gymnasium. He died February 13, 1894 in
Sevastopol in the rank of titular adviser at the age of 44 from "consumption of the lungs". The funeral took place
February 14 in the Church of All Saints, burial - in the city cemetery (possibly in the family crypt)
1850: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1894: Died

6-2. Gorenko Leonid Antonovich (1852-1891)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 39.
1852: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1891: Died

7-2. Gorenko Anna Antonovna (1854-?)
Gender Female.
Got married
Died
Mikhail was born (21-7)
Boris was born (22-7)
Vladimir was born (23-7)
Leo was born (24-7)
Vera was born (25-7)
Anton was born (26-7)
1854: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1893: Anna is born (27-7)
Husband: Soloveichik Sergey Mikhailovich.

8-2. Gorenko Mikhail Antonovich (1856-?)
Gender: male.
Died
1856: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.

9-2. Gorenko Vladimir Antonovich (1858-?)
Gender: male.
married
Zinaida was born (28-9)
Died
1858: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1887: Konstantin is born (29-9)
Wife: ... Nadezhda Dmitrievna.

10-2. Gorenko Nadezhda Antonovna (1861-circa 1922)
Gender: female, lifespan: 61.
1861: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
Around 1922: Died

11-2. Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna (1862-1926)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 64. Evgenia Antonovna (by her husband Arnold) in 1882 was
is subject to secret surveillance in view of her correspondence with N.A. Zhelvakov (who shot 18
March 1882 in Odessa by the verdict of the "Narodnaya Volya" military prosecutor V.S. Strelnikov and executed
together with S.N. Khalturin). In 1884, at her apartment in St. Petersburg, according to the gendarmerie
management, there were meetings of the "Union of Youth" of the party "People's Will". She later became
doctor, lived in Sevastopol and Odessa34. Died in 1927
Got married
Olga was born (30-11)
Irina was born (31-11)
Hope was born (32-11)
Anton was born (33-11)
1862: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1926: Died
Husband: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich. married Anatoly Maximilianovich Arnold,
student of the St. Petersburg Mining Institute, later - an official of the office
Sevastopol mayor, member of the city government.

Generation 4___

12-4(1). Gorenko Inna Andreevna (1885-1906)
Gender: female, lifespan: 21.
Got married
1885: Born. Father: Andrey Antonovich Gorenko, mother: Inna Erazmovna Stogova (2f).
1906: Died
Husband: Stein Sergey Vladimirovich.

13-4(1). Gorenko Andrei Andreevich (married to a cousin) (1887-1920)
Gender: male, lifespan: 33.
married
Kirill (Teta) was born (34-13)
1887: Born. Father: Andrey Antonovich Gorenko, mother: Inna Erazmovna Stogova (2f).
1920: Died
09/30/1920: Andrei was born (35-13)
Wife: Zmunchilla Maria Alexandrovna.
1939: Died

14-4(1). Gorenko (Akhmatova) Anna Andreevna (1889-1966)
Gender: female, lifespan: 77.
Got married. Husband 1.
Got married. Husband 2.
Got married. Husband 3.
1889: Born. Father: Andrey Antonovich Gorenko, mother: Inna Erazmovna Stogova (2f).
10/01/1912: Leo was born (36-14(1))
1966: Died
Husband 1: Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich, life expectancy: 35.
Married. Wife: Engelhardt-Gumilyova Anna Nikolaevna.
04/03/1886: Born
1919: Elena was born
08/26/1921: Died
Husband 2: Punin Nikolai Nikolaevich, life expectancy: 65.
Married. Wife: Arens Anna Evgenievna.
1888: Born. Father: Nikolai Punin, mother: ....
1921: Irina was born
1953: Died
Husband 3: Shileiko Vladimir Kazimirovich.

15-4(1). Irina (1892-1896)
Gender: Female, Lifespan: 4.
1892: Born. Father: Andrey Antonovich Gorenko, mother: Inna Erazmovna Stogova (2f).
1896: Died

16-4(1). Gorenko Iya Andreevna (1894-1922)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 28. Lived in Sevastopol with her mother died of tuberculosis
1894: Born. Father: Andrey Antonovich Gorenko, mother: Inna Erazmovna Stogova (2f).
1922: Died

17-4(1). Gorenko Viktor Andreevich (1896-1976)
Gender: male, lifespan: 80.
married
1896: Born. Father: Andrey Antonovich Gorenko, mother: Inna Erazmovna Stogova (2f).
1924: Inna was born (37-17)
1976: Died
Wife: Raitsyn Hanna Vulfovna, life expectancy: 83.
1896: Born
1979: Died

18-4(2). Galakhov Leonid...
Gender: male.
Was born. Mother: ..., father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich.

19-4(3). Gorenko Nikolay (1875-1885)
Gender: Male, Lifespan: 10.
1875: Born. Mother: Maria Grigorievna Vasilyeva (1f), father: Andrey Antonovich Gorenko.
1885: Died

20-4(3). Gorenko Anton Andreevich (1878-?)
Gender: male.
Died
1878: Born. Mother: Maria Grigorievna Vasilyeva (1f), father: Andrey Antonovich Gorenko.

21-7. Soloveichik Mikhail Sergeevich
Gender: male.

22-7. Soloveichik Boris Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveichik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.

23-7. Soloveichik Vladimir Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveichik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.

24-7. Soloveichik Lev Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveichik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.

25-7. Soloveichik Vera Sergeevna
Gender Female.
Born. Father: Soloveichik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.
Got married
Husband: Bogomolov ....

26-7. Soloveichik Anton Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveichik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.

27-7. Soloveichik Anna Sergeevna (1893-1927)
Gender: female, lifespan: 34.
Got married. Husband 1.
Galina was born (38-27(1))
Tatyana was born (39-27(1))
Got married. Husband 2.
1893: Born. Father: Soloveichik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.
1923: Edward is born (40-27(2))
1927: Died
Husband 1: Mindalevich Ananiy....
Husband 2: Stefan Kowalski..., life expectancy: 53.
1885: Born
1938: Died

28-9. Gorenko Zinaida Vladimirovna
Gender Female.
Born. Father: Gorenko Vladimir Antonovich, mother: ... Nadezhda Dmitrievna.

29-9. Konstantin (1887-1891)
Gender: male, lifespan: 4.
1887: Born. Father: Gorenko Vladimir Antonovich, mother: ... Nadezhda Dmitrievna.
1891: Died

30-11. Arnold Olga Anatolievna
Gender Female.

31-11. Arnold Irina Anatolyevna
Gender Female.
Born. Father: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich, mother: Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna.

32-11. Arnold Nadezhda Anatolievna
Gender Female.
Born. Father: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich, mother: Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna.

33-11. Arnold Anton Anatolievich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich, mother: Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna.

Generation 5___

34-13. Gorenko Kirill (Teta) Andreevich (? -01.1920)
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (married to a cousin), mother: Zmunchilla Maria
Alexandrovna.
01.1920: Died

35-13. Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (30.09.1920-1976)
Gender: male, lifespan: 55.
married
09/30/1920: Born. Mother: Zmunchilla Maria Alexandrovna, father: Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (married to
cousin).
1976: Died
Wife: Kosara Kondiliya....

36-14(1). Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich (01.10.1912-15.06.1992)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 79.
married
10/01/1912: Born. Father: Gumilyov Nikolay Stepanovich, mother: Gorenko (Akhmatova) Anna Andreevna.
06/15/1992: Died
Wife: Simonovskaya Natalya Viktorovna, life expectancy: 84.
02/09/1920: Born
09/04/2004: Died

37-17. Inna (1924-1927)
Gender: Female, Lifespan: 3.
1924: Born. Mother: Raitsyn Hanna Vulfovna, father: Gorenko Viktor Andreevich.
1927: Died

38-27(1). Mindalevich Galina Ananievna
Gender Female.
Got married
Woman was born (41-38)
1935: Yuri was born (42-38)
Husband: Polozov Semyon..., life expectancy: 77.
1907: Born
1984: Died

39-27(1). Mindalevich Tatyana Ananievna
Gender Female.
Born. Father: Mindalevich Ananiy ..., mother: Soloveichik Anna Sergeevna.
Got married
Woman Born (43-39)
Husband: Nesterov Ivan ....

40-27(2). Kovalsky Eduard Stefanovich (1923-1987)
Gender: male, lifespan: 64.
married
Gennady was born (44-40)
Born Male (45-40)
1923: Born. Father: Stefan Kovalsky..., mother: Soloveichik Anna Sergeevna.
1987: Died
Wife: ... Elena ....
2001: Died

Generation 6___

41-38. Polozova...
Gender Female.
Born. Father: Polozov Semyon..., mother: Mindalevich Galina Ananyevna.
Got married
Husband: Korneev ....

42-38. Polozov Yuri Semyonovich (1935-?)
Gender: male.
Died
1935: Born. Father: Polozov Semyon..., mother: Mindalevich Galina Ananyevna.

43-39. Nesterov...
Gender Female.
Born. Father: Nesterov Ivan ..., mother: Mindalevich Tatyana Ananyevna.
Got married
Husband: Kirpichnikov ....

44-40. Kovalsky Gennady Eduardovich
Gender: male.

45-40. Kowalski...
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Eduard Stefanovich Kovalsky, mother: ... Elena ....

Report creation date: 10/10/2017

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Pedigree of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova

I have no pedigree at all
In addition to the sunny and fabulous ...
"Poem Without a Hero"

The question may arise: is such a study necessary? Does it make sense to be interested in the ancestors of prominent people, including great poets? No one has proven that talent and, in particular, the "mysterious gift of singing" can be inherited. On the contrary, everything that we know about the relatives of the great poets testifies rather to the contrary. The example of Vasily Lvovich Pushkin and his brilliant nephew is nothing more than an exception that proves the rule.
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova also thought about it. In later autobiographical notes, she notes that "no one in the family, as many eyes as he sees around, wrote poetry, only the first Russian poetess Anna Bunina was the aunt of my grandfather Erasm Ivanovich Stogov"1. In fact, as we shall see below, this is not entirely accurate. Yes, and that's probably not the point. The point is not to look for the roots of poetic talent in the ancestors. Another thing is important - to feel and understand those diverse living connections that may have the character of attraction or repulsion, but which always somehow, consciously or unconsciously, stretch from ancestors to descendants, influencing the formation of their personality.
The historical self-consciousness of each person arises initially - even in childhood - as a consciousness of belonging to a certain family, clan, and only then - to a certain social stratum, nation, etc.
Those historical processes and the events in which our parents and ancestors participated are for each of us a special, most intimate section of our national history. You have to not only read about them, but also hear the stories of parents and relatives. These events and phenomena are overgrown with such details that you cannot read about in any book, they are seen from an unusual angle of view, acquire a special emotional coloring.
It is well known how keenly and deeply interested Pushkin was in his genealogy, what a significant reflection it received in his work. And, apparently, it is no coincidence that the outstanding historian academician S.B. Veselovsky dedicated a special study to Pushkin's ancestors2. Alexander Blok, who revealed in the poem "Retribution" a whole layer of Russian public life the last third of the 19th century, put the family of his parents and grandfather at the center of this lyric-epic narration. Blok's genealogy was studied in detail by one of his first biographers, V.N. Additional information about Blok's ancestors was published by M.A. Kruglova4.
Akhmatova idolized Pushkin, considered Blok "not only the greatest European poet of the first quarter of the twentieth century, but also a man-epoch, i.e. the most characteristic representative of his time"5. And it seems to us that the question of what was the attitude of Akhmatova to her family tree, what kind of refraction received real family ties, family legends and traditions in her work, cannot be indifferent to everyone who is interested in both the work of Akhmatova and Akhmatova as a person.
The purpose of this study is to find out, on the basis of archival and printed sources, the real pedigree of A.A. Akhmatova and compare it with the poetic pedigree, embodied in her poems and autobiographical prose.
Anna Andreevna Gorenko, known to the whole world under the literary pseudonym Akhmatova, had, like each of us, four great-grandfathers and four great-grandmothers. Great-grandfather in the direct male line, Andrey Yakovlevich Gorenko, as can be seen from his official list, preserved in the affairs of the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate6, came from serfs of the landowner Orlov, from the village of Matusovo, Cherkasy district, Kyiv province. He was born around 1784. In December 1805, he entered the 41st Chasseur Regiment as a private soldier. As part of this regiment, he participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812, first in Wallachia, then in Bulgaria. In 1810, he distinguished himself "when defeating the enemy near the Temruk River and capturing the very commander of the Turkish army, the Three-Bunch Pasha Pekhlivan, with his officials." In the summer of 1812, the regiment was transferred to the war with Napoleon. Andrei Gorenko participated in the battle near Krasnoye, and then at the "village of Borodino he was in the general battle, for which he has a silver medal." Having done the entire foreign campaign with the regiment, "1814, on March 18, he was in battle near the city of Paris" and was also awarded a silver medal for capturing it. In March 1813, Andrey Yakovlevich Gorenko was promoted to non-commissioned officer, in December 1815 he received the rank of ensign, thereby deserving noble dignity (personal, not hereditary). We only know about his wife that her name was Mariana. A metric certificate has been preserved, which says that on August 7, 1818, "the son of Antony, the grandfather of Akhmatova, was born to the non-commissioned officer of the Jaeger regiment Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko and his wife Mariyana."
Akhmatova's second great-grandfather on the paternal side was, as can be seen from the grandfather's official list, Lieutenant Ivan Voronin, whose daughter Irina Anton Andreyevich Gorenko married. Akhmatova's paternal great-grandfathers were of humble origin and served the nobility in military service. Maternal great-grandfathers - Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov and especially Yegor Nikolaevich Motovilov were well-born noblemen. Bright portraits of both of them were drawn by Akhmatova's grandfather Erasm Ivanovich Stogov in his memoirs, published in the Russkaya Starina magazine7.
The Stogovs descended from the Novgorod boyars. This circumstance was remembered by Akhmatova, entered deep into her consciousness and was embodied in a poem written in 1916:

Calm and confident love
Don't push me to this side:
After all, a drop of new city blood
In me - like ice in foamy wine.

According to family legends, the ancestors of the Stogovs were evicted from Novgorod by Ivan the Terrible and placed in the Mozhaisk district. By the end of the 18th century they were impoverished. Akhmatova's great-great-grandfather, Dmitry Dementievich Stogov, owned a small estate called Zolotilovo, Mozhaisk district, Moscow province, and two dozen souls of peasants. His son Ivan Dmitrievich (great-grandfather of Akhmatova), who owned Zolotilov inseparably with his brothers, persistently tried to substantiate the antiquity of the noble family of the Stogovs. However, he failed to prove the origin of his family from Fyodor Vasilievich Stogov, who, according to the scribe books of 1627, owned estates in the Mozhaisk district and on Beloozero. The Moscow Provincial Nobility Assembly recognized the origin of I.D. Stogov only from his grandfather, Dementy Artemyevich, who acquired Zolotilovo by purchase. In January 1804 I.D. Stogov was issued a letter stating that "he and his family were included in the Noble family tree of the Moscow province, in its first part"8. In the first part of the genealogical books, as is known, the families to whom the nobility was granted between 1685 and 1785 were entered.
Dmitry Dementievich Stogov, according to the testimony of his grandson Erasmus, was known among the neighbors as a sorcerer, he knew how to speak bleeding, dissuade a headache. All three of his sons - Mikhail, Ivan and Fyodor - served in military service under Suvorov, and Ivan was allegedly his "permanent orderly"9. From Ivan Stogov's official list, it can be seen that in 1789 he participated in the capture of Gadzhibey, and then fought on the Danube on the ships of the Black Sea Rowing Fleet10. Having retired as a second lieutenant in 1796, Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov served until his old age in Mozhaisk for elections - mayor, judge, treasurer. He died in 1852 at the age of 86.
According to his son Erasmus, Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov "all his life did not know the taste for vodka and wine, did not touch the cards, was extremely devout, kept fasts to the point of asceticism, everyone knew him as an honest and completely disinterested person. Education passed him, the church he read the press freely, well, and the civil one not very quickly, and considered it a sin to read a civil book. A smile was a rare guest. In dangerous cases, he was extremely brave. ; his son sek mercilessly. He was married to the daughter of the Ruza district treasurer Maxim Kuzmich Lomov - Praskovya. According to Erasmus Stogov, Maxim Lomov died in extreme old age from grief that "the Frenchman took Moscow."
Akhmatova's great-grandmother Praskovya Maksimovna Lomova (1781-1832), as her son Erasmus recalled, was reputed to be the first beauty in the Ruza district. She knew the letter a little (she wrote in block letters, not observing spelling). She was very kind, everyone loved her, only her husband was rude and cruel to her. Pregnant with her seventeenth child, she fell off the droshky and died in childbirth. Most of their children died in early childhood; three sons and four daughters survived. Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov gave his sons strange names: Erasmus, Iliodor and Epaphrodite. All of them graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg and became naval officers12. Their official lists have been preserved in the Russian State Archives of the Navy.
The second maternal great-grandfather of A.A. Akhmatova - Egor Nikolaevich Motovilov (1781-1837) was a noble and wealthy Simbirsk landowner. He descended from Fyodor Ivanovich Shevlyaga, the brother of Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla, the ancestor of the royal house of the Romanovs13. Egor Motovilov owned the Tsilna estate, 60 versts from Simbirsk, and several hundred souls of peasants. In his youth, he briefly served as an artilleryman in the Caucasian garrisons, and after retiring in 1801 with the rank of lieutenant, he settled on his estate14. He was reputed to be a homebody, unsociable, a proud and independent person.
His wife Praskovya Fedoseyevna was born Akhmatova. Anna Andreevna chose her maiden name as a literary pseudonym, created in her imagination the image of a “Tatar grandmother”, introduced it into her poetry, made it part of her poetic biography. “To me from a Tatar grandmother / There were rare gifts; / And why I was baptized, / She was bitterly angry ...” Akhmatova wrote in “The Tale of the Black Ring” in 1917.
Even in her teenage years, Anna Andreevna could read about her maternal ancestors in the memoirs of her grandfather Erasmus Ivanovich Stogov. When his notes were published in "Russian Antiquity", the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium Anna Gorenko was 13-14 years old. She already composed poetry, was a thoughtful, impressionable girl. From the memoirs of her grandfather, supplemented, probably, by the stories of her mother, Anya Gorenko could for the first time find out that her great-grandmother, as a girl, bore the name Akhmatova. This surname somehow struck her, compared in her mind with school ideas about Khan Akhmat, about the end of the Horde yoke. All her life, A.A. Akhmatova was convinced that the blood of the khans of the Golden Horde flows in her veins, repeatedly recalled and wrote about it. So, in the autobiographical essay "The Beginning", written in the late 1950s, Akhmatova reported: "They called me Anna in honor of Anna Egorovna Motovilova's grandmother. Her mother was a Genghisid, Tatar princess Akhmatova, whose last name, not realizing that I was going to be Russian poet, I made my literary name"15.
In reality, Praskovya Fedoseevna Akhmatova was, of course, not a Tatar princess, but a Russian noblewoman. The Akhmatovs are an old noble family, probably descended from serving Tatars, but Russified a long time ago. Even Kirill Vasilievich Akhmatov participated in the Kazan campaign of Ivan the Terrible; two Akhmatovs were stolniks under Peter I. The direct ancestors of Praskovya Fedoseevna were included in the 6th (the most ancient) part of the genealogical book of the nobles of the Simbirsk province and descended from Stepan Danilovich Akhmatov, who was made up at the end of the 17th century in the city of Alatyr16. There is no data on the origin of the Akhmatov family from Khan Akhmat or in general from the Khan's Genghisides family. The Akhmatovs never bore the princely title. Nevertheless, the family tradition preserved in the memory of Anna Akhmatova may have some real grounds. The fact is that the mother of Praskovya Fedoseyevna, Anna Yakovlevna, had the surname Chegodaeva before her marriage and, in all likelihood, came from the family of the Tatar princes Chegodaev17. Of course, it is impossible to prove the origin of the princes Chegodaevs (Chagataevs), first mentioned in the 16th century, from the son of Genghis Khan Chagatai (Jagatai), who died in 1242. However, most likely, it was these genealogical data that still needed careful verification that could serve as the basis for the legend about the relationship of Akhmatova's ancestors with the descendants of the khans of the Golden Horde.
Praskovya Fedoseevna and Yegor Nikolaevich Motovilov died in 1837, having given their daughter Anna to Erasmus Stogov.
Anna Akhmatova's maternal grandfather Erasm Ivanovich Stogov lived a long and turbulent life. He was born on February 24, 1797 in the family estate of Zolotilovo, Mozhaisk district, died on September 17, 1880, 83 years old, in the acquired estate of Snitovka, Letichevsky district, Podolsk province (now the Khmelnytsky region of Ukraine). Judging by his memoirs, published in Russkaya Starina, he was not devoid of literary talent.
As a boy of about six, he was sent to be raised in the Luzhetsky Monastery near Mozhaisk. He stayed there for a year and a half and, in his words, "learned nothing." When he was eight years old, he was sent to a neighbor and distant relative, a wealthy landowner Boris Karlovich Blank. Blanc's mother-in-law Varvara Petrovna Bunina lived, who, according to E.I. Stogov, "were kind of related to us." Her sister, Anna Petrovna Bunina, a well-known poetess at that time, came to visit her. Erasmus called her "aunt", but in reality she was his distant relative *18, and not his own aunt, as A. A. Akhmatova believed. In 1807, A.P. Bunina took Erasmus with her to St. Petersburg and, through her brother Ivan, placed him in the Naval Cadet Corps. At the end of the corps, Erasmus Stogov served for 20 years in Eastern Siberia and Kamchatka, commanded ships, left very interesting notes about life in this distant outskirts of Russia, the life of local residents, the situation of soldiers and convicts, gave a vivid description of representatives of the local administration and the clergy. * 19
Returning to St. Petersburg in 1833, E.I. Stogov met L.V. Dubelt and soon achieved a transfer from the fleet to the gendarmes. At the beginning of 1834 he was appointed as the headquarters officer of the gendarme corps in Simbirsk. Three years spent in this service, he considered the happiest time of his life. "In Simbirsk, I was rightfully the first, and my word had weight and meaning." With disarming frankness, he tells in his notes how he blackmailed the governor A.I. the good of neighbors and the Fatherland."
In the same place, in Simbirsk, E.I. Stogov married the daughter of the landowner Motovilov, Anna Egorovna. This is how he himself describes his marriage. First of all, using his official knowledge, he compiled a list of 126 "generous" brides, i.e. having a dowry of at least 100 souls. Then he began to collect detailed information about each of them. Finally, he chose the daughters of Yegor Motovilov. I went to see him in Zilna. Modest house. Two daughters - Anna and Alexandra. He sat, looked, listened, and at the end of the conversation he asked his parents to give him his eldest daughter.

“But you couldn’t know my daughter?” asked the surprised Motovilov.
- Excuse me, I'm a gendarme, I have to know everything and I know.
“But I must tell you that we do not know you.
“This is the truth: I leave it to you to find out about me, and I will report to you that I am an excellent person in every respect.”
Four days later, the Motovilovs agreed to the wedding.
"Then I approached the bride.
- I settled with your parents, - I said - it's up to you.
“I don’t know you at all,” she replied.
"Is there anything wrong with me?"
“No,” she replied.
- In this case, let's go to the image, cross yourself.

And as soon as she crossed herself, I quickly kissed her and said: now it's over with you, now you are my bride.
In 1837, Stogov was appointed head of the office of the Kyiv Governor-General D.G. Bibikov. With sadness he parted with Simbirsk. "Farewell, my dashing activity! I was in my place both in ability and in character. I was loved by the whole society, did no harm, but stopped abuses quietly, without noise, and tried to correct, not destroy"21.
After this "dashing activity" service in Kyiv seemed insipid to him, although, as he wrote, from 1837 to 1851 he was "the closest person under Bibikov." Having retired in 1851, Erasmus Stogov settled in the estate Snitovka, Podolsk province, which he bought. He was over 70 years old when he began to write memoirs, which, even during his lifetime, began to be published in "Russian Antiquity" under the general title "Essays, stories and memoirs of E ... ... va." After the death of E.I. Stogov, the editor of "Russian Antiquity" M.I. Semevsky published his "Posthumous Notes" with a full signature. In 1903, Stogov's memoirs were again published in Russkaya Starina in a significantly expanded edition. In general, E.I. Stogov’s notes are notable for their outstanding literary merits and, at the same time, they are a valuable historical source that deserves special study22. On the frontispiece of the 7th issue of "Russian antiquity" for 1903, there is an engraved portrait of E.I. Stogov by G.I. Grachev. Looking from the portrait is a plump, large old man with a fleshy nose, thick eyebrows, and a bushy beard. The left eyebrow is strongly raised. Thick lower lip. Bags under the eyes. Warts on the face. Facial expression imperious and unkind.
Additional information about E.I. Stogov was given by his daughter Iya Erazmovna (marriedly Zmunchilla) in a letter to M.I. Semevsky, written after her father's death. Semevsky published excerpts from this letter in Russkaya Starina. According to Stogov’s daughter, “the ideal of his whole life was the late Nicholas I; he put him on an unattainable height and worshiped him zealously and ardently. Father was always in a good mood, spoke, joked and laughed very willingly. With all outsiders, without distinction rank, position and status, he was always attentive, amiable and affable. He always prayed long and hard, but did not favor the clergy. He enjoyed enviable health. He never drank a drop of wine. With his children, his father was always very strict and demanding. Luxury and entertainment was strictly pursued, but the children were always cheerful. When his daughters grew up, he became their condescending friend, while he was infinitely kind and affectionate towards his grandchildren. Six years ago, i.e. in 1874, the father married his last daughter and gave us donation to his estate (about 4,000 acres)"23.
The wife of Erasm Ivanovich Stogov Anna Egorovna, nee Motovilova, was born in 1817, died around 1863, leaving her husband, who outlived her by 17 years, a son and five daughters, the youngest of whom, Inna Erazmovna, later became the mother of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova.
According to family legend, E.I. Stogov cursed his only son, Iliodor, for disobedience, drove him out of the house and disinherited him. In 1882, Iliodor Erazmovich Stogov held a modest position as a German language teacher at the Poltava real school24. E.I. Stogov married all his daughters to neighbors on the estate: Anna - to Viktor Modestovich Vakar, Alla - to Vladimir Timofeevich, Iya - to Alexander Grigoryevich Zmunchilla, Zoya - to Lev Demyanovsky25. According to family tradition, the youngest of the sisters, Inna Erazmovna, was also married to Zmunchilla, apparently the brother or nephew of Alexander Grigoryevich, the husband of her elder sister Iya.
Family ties between the families of E.I. Stogov's daughters remained very close even many years after his death. In the letters of Anna Gorenko to the husband of her early deceased sister Inna*26 - Sergey Vladimirovich von Stein, sent from Kyiv in 1906-190727, uncles and aunt Vakar, with whom Anya visited during the Christmas holidays, are repeatedly mentioned; cousin Nanichka - Maria Alexandrovna Zmunchilla, in whose house Anya lived when she graduated from the Kyiv Fundukleevsky gymnasium; "cousin Demyanovsky" - apparently, Grigory Lvovich; "Cousin Sasha" - Alexander Vladimirovich Timofeevich. Mentioned, although much less often, and relatives on the side of the father, in particular, "Aunt Masha" - the elder sister of the father, Maria Antonovna.
Akhmatova's paternal grandfather was Anton Andreevich Gorenko, who was born on August 7, 1818. At the age of 14 he was a cabin boy of the Black Sea Artillery School, at 20 he was a non-commissioned officer of the 2nd training naval crew in Sevastopol. In 1842 he was an ensign, in 1851 a second lieutenant. During the Crimean War, as stated in his official list, he "participated in the defense of Sevastopol. He was in a real battle on October 5, 1854, at the Nikolaev Battery, while repelling an attack by a united enemy fleet." In 1855 he was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 3rd degree, and in 1858 - St. Vladimir, 4th degree, thus he acquired hereditary nobility and was included in the second part of the genealogical book of the nobles of the Tauride province. By 1864, he was a staff captain, caretaker of the Sevastopol Marine Hospital; in 1882 - major, superintendent of port lands and gardens in Sevastopol. Died in 1891. He was married to the daughter of lieutenant Ivan Voronin - Irina (1818-1898). Father of nine children28.
According to family tradition, Anton Gorenko was married to a Greek woman, from whom Anna Andreevna allegedly inherited a characteristic profile. In one of her autobiographical notes dating back to the early 1960s, Anna Akhmatova wrote: "Ancestors: 1) Genghis Khan. Akhmat (the last Khan of the Golden Horde. 2) ancestors - Greeks, or rather - sea robbers"29. It can be assumed that the "Greek ancestors" are as legendary as the "Tatar grandmother". In any case, Akhmatova's paternal grandmother, Irina Ivanovna Voronina, in all likelihood, was not Greek. It is possible, however, that not the grandmother, but the great-grandmother of Akhmatova, the wife of Lieutenant Ivan Voronin, whose name we do not know, could be Greek. * 30
Akhmatova's father, Andrey Antonovich Gorenko, was born in Sevastopol on January 13, 1848. He was the second child in the family and the eldest of the sons. When he was ten years old, his father sent him as a cadet to the Black Sea Navigation Company. In the XIII part of the General Maritime List (St. Petersburg, 1907), A.A. Gorenko's official list was published, from which we learn that at the age of 14 he was transferred to the cadet, and in 1868, 20 years old, he was promoted to conductors of the corps of mechanical engineers of the Black Sea Fleet. In 1869-1870. he was on a foreign voyage. Upon his return, he received his first officer rank. In 1875, with the rank of midshipman, he was appointed a full-time teacher at the Naval School in St. Petersburg. He moved slowly through the ranks. Only in 1879, at the age of 31, he was promoted to lieutenant and awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 3rd degree. Simultaneously with teaching at the Naval School, A.A. Gorenko was engaged in social activities. In particular, his speech on January 7, 1881 at a meeting of the IV branch of the Imperial Technical Society with sharp criticism of the activities of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade had a wide resonance. The newspaper "Nikolaev Vestnik" reported that A.A. Gorenko "based on accurate information and on data gleaned from the reports of the society itself, proved the criminal negligence with which it conducts its maritime operations" 31.
In the middle of 1881, the service of A.A. Gorenko almost broke off. The file of the Police Department "On the political unreliability of lieutenants Andrey Gorenko and Gavrilov and midshipman Kulesh", begun on April 14, 1881, has been preserved32. The essence of the matter boiled down to the fact that Andrei Gorenko, as it turned out from his intercepted letters, persuaded his friends in the city of Nikolaev to enter into fictitious marriages in order to free the girls "from the swamp of a suffocating atmosphere parental home"The case was launched. At the very end of April (literally on the eve of his resignation), the Minister of the Interior, Count M.T. the shaky dictator saw the underlying reason in the words and actions of Lieutenant Gorenko. Apparently, Loris-Melikov, accused at that time of mildness and indiscipline, because of which Alexander II allegedly died, decided to show this case firmness and vigilance. An investigation began, the results of which were reported by the director of the Police Department V.K. Pleve to N.P. Ignatiev, who replaced Loris-Melikov as Minister of the Interior. Plehve asked the minister to allow him to initiate against Lieutenant Gorenko "special proceedings to investigate his harmful direction with the aim of submitting then for his expulsion by administrative procedure in accordance with Articles 33 and 34 of the Regulations on Measures for the Protection of State Order." Ignatiev imposed a resolution: "I agree. September 25, 1881." 33-year-old Lieutenant Gorenko was in serious trouble. However, none other than G.P. Sudeikin, the head of the agents of the St. Petersburg security department, who was gaining strength at that time, interceded for him. In the report he submitted, it was reported that the initial information about Gorenko's unreliability was not confirmed, and nothing criminal was found during a search of his apartment. The investigation, however, continued for another year, during which A.A. Gorenko was suspended from teaching at the Naval School.
On September 21, 1882, P.N. Durnovo, who at that time was in charge of the judicial department of the Police Department, in response to a request from the Inspector Department of the Naval Ministry, said that “the inquiry on the complete lack of data to accuse Lieutenant Gorenko was terminated without any consequences for him, and then the State Police Department does not have any information compromising Andrey Gorenko politically.Likewise, there are also no indications unfavorable for Andrey Gorenko about his relationship with his sisters Anna and Evgenia, who live in Sevastopol and drew attention to their unreliability, the first as attracted to interrogation in 1874 and 1878 regarding her relations with the well-known state criminals Solovyov and Ivanchin-Pisarev, and the second - as having, according to the testimony of the father of the executed state criminal Zhelvakov, in written relations with his son.
The younger sisters of Andrei Gorenko really had a direct relationship with the populist movement of the 1870-1880s. Anna Antonovna Gorenko was involved in 1874 in the famous "case of 193" participants in "going to the people", was subject to covert police supervision, then arrested in 1879 on suspicion of harboring A.I. Ivanchin-Pisarev, released on bail ; in 1882-1883 was a member of the Petersburg People's Volunteer Circle33.
Evgenia Antonovna (by her husband Arnold) in 1882 was subject to secret surveillance due to her correspondence with N.A. Zhelvakov (who shot on March 18, 1882 in Odessa by the verdict of the "Narodnaya Volya" military prosecutor V.S. Strelnikov and was executed together with S.N. Khalturin). In 1884, at her apartment in St. Petersburg, according to the gendarmerie department, meetings of the "Union of Youth" of the "Narodnaya Volya" party took place. She later became a doctor and lived in Sevastopol and Odessa34. Died in 1927
As for Andrei Antonovich Gorenko, the case, which threatened with very serious consequences, ended quite well for him. This unexpected and sharp turn in the “Gorenko case”, which, moreover, took place not without the participation of G.P. will." We have not been able to find reliable data that would confirm this suspicion. Still, A. A. Gorenko had to part with the Naval School and with the navy in general. On October 24, 1882, he was "discharged for service on ships of the commercial fleet." Three years later, he was again enlisted in active service and sailed as a senior navigator on the schooner "Redut-Kale" in the Black Sea.
In March 1887, at the age of 39, Andrei Antonovich finally retired from the navy with the next rank of captain of the 2nd rank and settled with his family in Odessa. So the information cited by A.A. Akhmatova in her autobiographical note "Briefly About Myself": "I was born on June 11 (23), 1889 near Odessa (Big Fountain). My father was at that time a retired naval engineer-mechanic"35, are quite true.
In the 1880s, the name of Andrei Gorenko was quite often found on the pages of both special editions and provincial newspapers in the South of Russia. In the works of the Society for the Promotion of Russian Industry and Trade, its articles were published on the organization of a pension fund for sailors and on the establishment in Odessa of a government inspectorate for the qualification examination of ships, following the example of the English "Lloyd". Literary activity of A.A. Gorenko was not limited to professional problems. Newspaper "Odessa News" in 1888-1889. indicates his name in the list of his main employees. During these years, Odessa News published reviews of Garibaldi's memoirs, novels by A. Daudet and F. Shpilhagen signed by A.G. Anna Akhmatova's father
In 1890 Andrey Antonovich Gorenko with his wife Inna Erazmovna and children Inna, Andrey and Anna returned from Odessa to St. Petersburg. In 1891, he was listed in the "Address Calendar" as an official for special assignments of the State Control in the modest rank of titular adviser (corresponding to the rank of lieutenant of the fleet, which A.A. Gorenko had before his resignation). In the civil service, he advanced somewhat more successfully than in the military. By 1898, he was a court adviser, assistant to the controller general of the Department of Civil Reporting of the State Control. Then he goes to serve in the Department of Railways. In 1904, he was a State Councilor, a member of the Council of the Chief Executive of the Main Directorate of Merchant Shipping and Ports (the position of Chief Executive was held by Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich), a member of the Committee of the Society for the Promotion of Russian Industry and Trade, and a member of the board of the Russian Danube Shipping Company. As Akhmatova recalled, soon "the father did not agree in character" with the Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and resigned, which, of course, was accepted.
It is known that the marriage of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko to Anna Akhmatova's mother, Inna Erazmovna, was his second marriage. The track record of Lieutenant Andrey Gorenko, compiled by January 1, 1881, states that he is “married by his first marriage to the daughter of the deceased captain Vasilyev, the maiden Maria, has children: sons - Nikolai, born on May 17, 1875, and Anton, born on May 17, 1875. January 7, 1878. Wife and children of the Orthodox confession "* 38. Interestingly, in the service record compiled on June 24, 1886, it is indicated that A.A. Gorenko "was married by his first marriage to the daughter of the deceased captain Vasilyev, the girl Maria Grigorievna", and Lieutenant Gorenko personally assured this list: "I read it and it's true"39 , although there is no doubt that by 1886 A.A. Gorenko was already actually married to Inna Erazmovna, nee Stogova. At the end of 1884, their eldest daughter, Inna, was born.
* An incompletely clarified and almost detective story is connected with the second marriage of Andrei Antonovich and the birth of his daughter Inna. In 2000, the genealogist I.I. Grezin, who lives in Switzerland, found in the parish registers of the Geneva Orthodox Holy Cross Church an entry indicating that Inna Andreevna Gorenko "was born on December 5, 1884, baptized on January 9, 1885. Parents: Lieutenant Andrey Antonovich Gorenko and his legal wife Maria Grigorievna Gorenko, born Vasilyeva, are both Orthodox. If you believe this official document, it turns out that Inna was the daughter of Andrei Gorenko's first wife, but at baptism she received the rarest name of his future wife at that time. The situation is unbelievable. It is more logical to assume that Andrei Antonovich, who was out of work at that time, traveled around Europe with Inna Erazmovna, but with a passport in which his first wife was entered, with whom he had obviously not yet been divorced by that time. How this complex legal situation was subsequently resolved is unknown. But one can hardly doubt that Anna Akhmatova's beloved older sister, Inna, was her own, and not her half-sister. In the birth certificate on September 23, 1887, the son of Andrei, Inna Erazmovna, is already the legal wife of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko.
In 1905, Andrei Antonovich left his second family, which by that time numbered three daughters and two sons, and connected his life with Elena Ivanovna Strannolyubskaya (nee Akhsharumova), the widow of his fellow teacher at the Naval School, the famous teacher Rear Admiral A. N Strannolyubsky, who died in 1903. Inna Erazmovna took the children to Evpatoria, and then to Sevastopol. Anna Gorenko was 16 at the time. In her letters to S. V. von Stein, written one and a half to two years after the divorce of her parents, her dislike for her father is clearly felt. In February 1907, informing Stein of her decision to marry N. S. Gumilyov, she asks: “What do you think dad will say when he finds out about my decision? If he is against my marriage, I will run away and secretly marry Nicolas I can't respect my father, I never loved him, why should I obey him"40.
After 1910, when Anna Andreevna, having married N. S. Gumilyov, settled again in Tsarskoye Selo, her meetings with her father, apparently, were episodic. However, when in the summer of 1915 her father fell seriously ill, Anna Andreevna was inseparably with him, caring for the patient together with E. I. Strannolyubskaya. On August 26, 1915, a short announcement appeared in the Novoye Vremya newspaper: “August 25, after a short but serious illness, Andrey Antonovich Gorenko died, about which the family of the deceased announces with deep sorrow. Memorial service at the apartment of the deceased (Embankment of the Middle Nevka, 12) . Burial on the 27th "41. Akhmatova's father was buried at the Volkovo cemetery. His grave has not survived.
Information about appearance and the character of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko are few and fragmentary. Akhmatova herself in her notes only mentions that her father called her a "decadent poetess" as a child42, and in another place she says that he was "a good father, but a bad husband"
Younger brother Anna Akhmatova, Viktor Andreevich Gorenko, recalled that his father was "a terrible spendthrift and always hung around for women"43. The wife of Viktor Andreevich, Hanna Vulfovna Gorenko, according to her mother-in-law, characterizes Andrei Antonovich as "a person of unusually tall stature, very handsome, imposing, with a great sense of humor, domineering, loving life which enjoyed great success with women.
Andrey Antonovich Gorenko is also remembered by Ariadna Vladimirovna Tyrkova (1869-1962), publicist and prominent figure in the Cadet Party. She knew the Gorenko family from Tsarskoe Selo. According to her, Anna Akhmatova's father "was good man and a very stupid person. Loved to live. He courted, and not without success, all the pretty women he met. There was a big theatre-goer. Once he told me: I am not an envious person, but I am terribly jealous of those who can kiss Duse's hand. Anna inherited from her father his important posture and expressive face. There was no cheerfulness in her. And his father's greed for life, perhaps, was. There was not even a shadow of that poetic concentration in him, with which Anna was fanned. By what law of heredity did such a clever woman, such an original, deeply talented and charming woman come out of this family? Gorenko, the father, did not appreciate his daughter's talent. She told me that when she signed Anna Gorenko under her first printed poem, her father boiled over and made a scene for his daughter: I forbid you to sign like that. I don't want you to rattle my name..."45.
Judging by the memoirs of M.V. Kamenetskaya, A. A. Gorenko was acquainted with her mother A. P. Filosofova, a well-known philanthropist and figure in women’s education, and
Chernykh Vadim AlekseevichMonuments of culture. New discoveries. Yearbook, 1992. M., 1993. S. 71-84.
Notes:

* This article was written 14 years ago. Since then, new information about the ancestors and close relatives of Anna Akhmatova has appeared. Additions made to the article are marked with * in the main text and in the notes.
1. Akhmatova A. Works: In 2 vols. M., Hood. Literature, 1990. T. 2. S. 270.
2. Veselovsky S.B. Genus and ancestors of Pushkin in history // New world. 1969. No. 1-2. ; the same in his book: Studies in the history of the class of service landowners. M., 1969. S. 39-139.
3. Knyazhnin V. Alexander Alexandrovich Blok. Pb., 1922.
4. Kruglova M.A. To the history of the genus A.A. Blok // Soviet archives. 1981. No. 5. S. 67-69.
5. See: Zhirmunsky V.M. Creativity of Anna Akhmatova. L., 1973. S. 55.
6. RGIA, f. 1343, op. 19, d. 3271, l. 6-8.
7. [Stogov E.I.] Essays, stories and memoirs of E ... va // Russian antiquity. 1878. No. 6 - 12; He is. Posthumous notes // Ibid. 1886. No. 10; He is. Notes // Ibid. 1903. No. 1 - 8.
8. Historical archive of Moscow, f. 4, op. 7, d. 70, 71.
9. Russian antiquity. 1886. No. 10. S. 83.
10. Historical archive of Moscow, f. 4, op. 7, d. 70, l. eight.
11. Russian antiquity. 1903. No. 1. S. 134.
12. General maritime list. Ch. 8. St. Petersburg, 1894. S. 254-255; Ch. 11. St. Petersburg, 1900. S. 632.
13. encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Efron. T. 39. S. 43.
14. RGIA, f. 1343, op. 25, house 5933.
15. Akhmatova A. Works: In 2 vols. T. 2. S. 269.
16. Savelov L.M. Pedigree records. Issue. 1. M., 1906. S. 88-89; RGIA, f. 1343, op. 16, house 3255.
17. See: Generational painting of the family of the princes Chagadaev, descendants of Prince Hozyash Chagadaev-Sakansky. // RGIA, f. 1343, op. 51, d. 725, l. 15-48; Sivers A.A. Genealogical exploration. Issue. 1. St. Petersburg, 1913. S. 80-84; Pazukhin A.A. Pedigree of the Pazukhins and genealogical materials of the Pazukhin archive. SPb., 1914. S. 65-66; Blagova G.F. Türkic chahataj - Russian chagatai / dzhagatai: An experience of a comparative study of old borrowing // Turkological collection. 1971. M., 1972. S. 167-205.
*eighteen. . Anna Petrovna Bunina was the sister of Mikhail Petrovich Bunin, married to the sister of Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov - great-grandfather A.A. Akhmatova.
*19. Unfortunately, the chapters on E.I. Stogov’s stay in Siberia and the Far East were not included in the greatly abridged reprint of his Notes: Stogov E.I. Notes of the gendarmerie headquarters officer of the era of Nicholas I. / The publication was prepared by E.N. Mukhina. Moscow: Indrik, 2003.
20. Russian antiquity. 1903. No. 7. S. 53-56.
21. Ibid. S. 62.
22. See: Chernykh V.A. Erasmus Stogov and his "Notes" // public consciousness, bookishness, literature of the period of feudalism. - Novosibirsk, 1990. S. 331-336.
23. Russian antiquity. 1886. No. 10. S. 125-127.
24. Address-calendar ... for 1882. SPb., 1882. Part 1. Column. 427.
25. Kralin M. Younger brother // Star. 1989. No. 6. P. 150. Cf.: Guldman V. K. Landownership in the Podolsk province. 2nd ed. Kamenets-Podolsky, 1903 (according to the index).
*26. Inna Andreevna Gorenko died on July 15, 1906 in Lipitsy near Tsarskoye Selo. See: New time. No. 10899. July 18 (31), 1906
27. New world. 1986. No. 9. S. 199-207.
28. Maria was born in 1846, Andrei - 1848, Peter - 1850, Leonid - 1852, Anna - 1854, Mikhail - 1856, Vladimir - 1858, Nadezhda - 1861, Eugene - 1862. See: RGIA, f. 1343, op. 19, d. 3270, l. 3-6.
29. Notebooks of Anna Akhmatova (1958-1966). M.-Torino, 1996. P.81.
*thirty. Additional information about Anton Andreevich Gorenko and his family is contained in the article: Shevchenko S.M., Lyashuk P.M. Rod Gorenko in Sevastopol: New data on the genealogy of Anna Akhmatova // Domestic archives. 2003. No. 4. Reprinted in the book: Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity. Issue. 3. Simferopol, 2005. P. 153-159. In Sevastopol, at the city cemetery, the tombstone of Anton Andreevich Gorenko and his wife Irina Ivanovna has been preserved. up 31. Nikolaevsky Bulletin. 1881. No. 6. Jan. 17.
32. GARF, f. 102, III d-in, d. 537.
33. Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia: Bio-bibliographic dictionary. T. II. Issue. 1. M., 1929. Stlb. 297-298. up 34. Ibid. T. III. Issue. 1. M., 1933. Stlb. 120.
35. Akhmatova A. Works. T. 2. S. 266.
36. See: Shuvalov R. The poet's father // Evening Odessa. 1989. June 14. I consider it necessary to report that the author of the note used the information I gave him, without reference to the source.
37. Heit A. Anna Akhmatova: Poetic Journey; Diaries, memoirs, letters of A. Akhmatova. M., 1991. S. 218. up *38. RGA of the Navy, f. 406, Op. 3. Book. 848. No. 45. S. Shevchenko and P. Lyashuk established that Nikolai Andreevich Gorenko died on December 25, 1885 at the 11th year of his birth (see the title of the Work, p. 156). We have no information about the fate of Anton Andreevich Gorenko (junior).
39. RGA of the Navy, f. 417, op. 4, house 2775.
40. New world. 1986. No. 9. S. 203.
41. A longer obituary was published in the Odessky Listok newspaper on September 7, 1915. See: Anna Akhmatova. Ten years. / Comp. R.D. Timenchik and K.M. Polivanov. M., 1989. S. 10-11.
42. Akhmatova A.A. Works. T. 2. S. 275.
43. Anna Akhmatova. Poems, correspondence, memoirs, iconography. Ann Arbor, 1977.
44. Anna Akhmatova. Ten years. S. 8.
45. Ibid. S. 31.
46. ​​Collection of memory of Anna Pavlovna Filosofova. Pg., 1915. T. 1. S. 265.
47. RSL, Czech. 41.18.
48. RSL, f. 218, 1351. 17.
49. Akhmatova A. Works. T. 2. S. 270.
*fifty. Recently T.V. Myazdrikova found in the Egorov-Aleksandrov family archive a photograph of a young Inna Erazmovna with an inscription on the back: "Cousin Inna Erazmovna Zmunchilla", made by the hand of her cousin - V.K. Alexandrov (son of the sister of E.I. Stogov - Anastasia). See: Myazdrikova T.V. About one old photograph: Portrait of Anna Akhmatova's mother // Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity. Crimean Akhmatov scientific collection. Issue. 3. Simferopol, 2005. S. 160-164. Thus, the name of the first husband of the mother A.A. Akhmatova can be considered confirmed, but his identity has not yet been established.
51. RNB, f. 1073, No. 1794.
52. See: Chukovsky K.I. Sobr. op. M., 1967. T. 5. S. 729-738; Dobin E.S. Poetry of Anna Akhmatova. L., 1968; Zhirmunsky V.M. Creativity of Anna Akhmatova. L., 1973.
53. See: Zhirmunsky V.M. Creativity of Anna Akhmatova. S. 165.
54. Akhmatova A. Works. T. 2. S. 272.
55. Ibid. S. 281. up
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Gorenko in Sevastopol

Every summer I spent near Sevastopol, on the shore of the Streletskaya Bay, and there I made friends with the sea. The strongest impression of these years is the ancient Chersonese, near which we lived. "So Anna Akhmatova recalled her first meetings with our city. As a seven-year-old girl, she first came here to the house of her grandfather Anton Andreevich Gorenko.

AT last years a number of publications appeared, allowing you to learn more about the poet's connections with Sevastopol.
One of them (V.K. Katina (Evpatoria). Sevastopol possessions of the Gorenko family // Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity: Crimean Akhmatova scientific collection. - Issue 4. - Simferopol: Crimean Archive, 2006. - P. 214 -217.) posted on the "A.L. Berthier-Delagarde" thread: http://forum.sevastopol.info/viewtopic. ...sc&start=0

Shevchenko S.M., Lyashuk P.M.
Rod Gorenko in Sevastopol: new data on the genealogy of Anna Akhmatova
Anna Andreevna Gorenko, later - the outstanding Russian poetess Anna Akhmatova, in 1896-1916. she often stayed in Sevastopol at the house of her grandfather, Anton Andreyevich Gorenko, who lived on Ekaterininskaya Street, 12.
Anton Andreevich is the first representative of the Gorenko family, whose stay in Sevastopol is confirmed by documents. V. Lobytsyn and V. Dyadichev in the article “Three generations of Gorenko” claim that “his whole life and service were spent” in this city. However, the fact of the birth of Anton Gorenko in Sevastopol on August 7, 1818 is not documented. From 1832 to 1842, Anton Andreevich served as a cabin boy in the Black Sea Artillery School, then as a non-commissioned officer in the 2nd training Naval crew, which was stationed in Nikolaev. And only after being promoted to ensign on April 19, 1842 and assigned to the 13th flipper crew, A. Gorenko arrived in Sevastopol. By decree of the Governing Senate addressed to the Head of the Main Naval Staff, Prince A.S. Menshikov No. 4482, at the request of his father, ensign of the Nikolaev Naval Convict Companies Andrei Gorenko, on the basis of Article 25 of the 9th volume of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, Anton Gorenko has already received hereditary nobility, although he was born in the family of a “non-commissioned officer of the Jaeger regiment”. This happened on March 22, 1840. As a rule, until June 11, 1845, only children born after their father received the first officer rank received hereditary nobility, and the rest were enrolled in a special class of “chief officer children”. However, if the officer did not have male children born after receiving the officer rank, he had the opportunity to transfer the right of hereditary nobility to any of the sons born before that. This is what happened to Anton Gorenko. Thus, the information provided by V.A. Chernykh in the genealogy of Anna Akhmatova about the receipt of A. A. Gorenko hereditary nobility in 1858, after being awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree for 25 years of service in the chief officer ranks, are incorrect.
Recent studies carried out on the basis of documents from the State Archives of Sevastopol make it possible to introduce new information about the history of the Gorenko family into scientific circulation.
On November 8, 1844, in the Admiralty Cathedral in Sevastopol, the ensign of the 13th flipper crew Anton Andreevich Gorenko was married to the maiden Irina Ivanovna Voronina, the daughter of an ensign of the 2nd military worker convict battalion. The bride and groom indicated that they were 26 years old, both Orthodox, and were married for the first time. A year and a half later, on June 21, 1846, the first child, daughter Maria, was born in the Gorenko family. Her godfather June 24, 1846 became Lieutenant Colonel Vasily Stepanovich Kharichkov.
The second child in the family and the eldest of five sons, Andrey, was born on January 13, 1848 in Sevastopol. On January 25, 1848, the commander of the 13th flipper crew, Colonel B.C. Kharichkov. In the same cathedral, on January 29, 1850, Pyotr Gorenko, who was born on January 16 of the same year, was baptized.
Before the start of the first defense of the city, in the family of Lieutenant Anton Andreevich Gorenko, on February 2, 1852, the son Leonid and on February 6, 1854 the daughter Anna were born. They were baptized in the Peter and Paul Church of the Marine Hospital in Sevastopol.
After the landing of the allied troops in the Crimea from September 13, 1854 to June 18, 1855, second lieutenant of the 4th last crew of the Black Sea Fleet (since 1851) A. Gorenko was in the garrison of the besieged Sevastopol. From the track record of Anton Andreevich it is known that he was not “wounded and captured by the enemy”. “He was in a real battle on October 5, 1854 on the Nikolaev battery (the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe modern Primorsky Boulevard and water station) while repelling the united enemy fleet against the Sevastopol coastal fortifications and on October 24, 1854 in enhanced reconnaissance against the enemy fortifications on the Inkerman heights (in the Inkerman battle )". What position was performed by Lieutenant Gorenko in Sevastopol has not yet been established. Last crews belonged to non-combatant teams and were used in the city garrison to deliver goods on last ships, restore fortifications, transport the wounded, etc. For his contribution to the defense of the city, Anton Andreevich was "Most graciously granted on the 13th day of April 1855 with the Order of St. Anna, 3rd degree with a bow and swords as a reward for excellent courage and courage."
On June 17, 1855, a “land transport” with wounded lower ranks of the Naval Department “in the amount of 247 ranks under the marine physician Dovgyalo and the escort of the 4th flipper crew, Lieutenant Gorenko” set out from Sevastopol to Nikolaev. According to official information, “there were no deaths along the way; 18 patients were left in different places due to weakness of strength. Arrived in Nikolaev on June 28.
Until the end of the defense of Sevastopol, Gorenko did not return to the city. It can be assumed that the family of Anton Andreevich was also in Nikolaev at that time. Until the end of 1861, he served in Nikolaev, first as "a senior adjutant at the headquarters of the division chief of the Black Sea Fleet (1857-1859), and then as a senior adjutant at the headquarters of the division chief of the Black Sea fleet crews (1860)". At the end of 1860, lieutenant for flipper crews Anton Gorenko was appointed caretaker of the Sevastopol Marine Hospital, and he returned to Sevastopol again, this time for good.
At the beginning of 1864, Captain Anton Gorenko filed a petition in the name of Emperor Alexander II to include him and his family in the genealogical book of the Taurida province. After consideration of the petition by Decrees of the Governing Senate for the department of heraldry No. 2869 dated May 12, 1864 and No. 3326 dated September 15, 1865, Anton Andreevich, his wife Irina Ivanovna, as well as sons Andrei, Peter, Leonid, Mikhail and Vladimir were approved by hereditary nobles Simferopol district of the Tauride province and included in the 2nd part of the genealogical book. This gave some privileges for children, primarily when they were placed in certain educational institutions and in their further official activities.
A. Gorenko held the post of superintendent of the Sevastopol Marine Hospital until 1873. Then he was appointed superintendent of state lands and gardens of the Sevastopol port. "Fired from service" A.A. Gorenko in April 1887 "with a uniform and a pension" as a colonel in the Admiralty.
It is not yet possible to confirm the fact of the death of Colonel Anton Gorenko on April 26, 1891, indicated in the epitaph on the tombstone of Gorenko's family crypt in the city cemetery. In the State Archives of Sevastopol for 1891, parish registers of not all Sevastopol churches have been preserved.
Portrait of Lieutenant A.A. Gorenko as a participant in the first defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. mentioned under number 982 in the Historical Catalog of the Sevastopol Defense Museum.
Let us turn to the fate of other members of the Gorenko family.
The wife of Anton Andreevich is Irina Ivanovna (b. 1818). She died on January 4, 1898, about which her daughter, Maria Antonovna, informed her relatives and friends about it in the newspaper Krymsky Vestnik on January 6, 1898. Confirmation of the fact of death was not found in the parish registers of Sevastopol churches.
In the State Archives of the city of Sevastopol, materials about Maria Antonovna (born June 21, 1846), Andrei Antonovich (born January 13, 1848) and Anna Antonovna Gorenko (born February 6, 1854) could not be found.
However, it is known that the marriage of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko to Anna Akhmatova's mother, Inna Erazmovna, was his second marriage. Andrey Gorenko was "married by his first marriage to the daughter of the deceased Captain Vasilyev - the maiden Maria" and had "sons - Nikolai, born on May 17, 1875, and Anton, born on January 7, 1878", about whose fate Akhmatova's biographers knew nothing . This looks somewhat strange, since in 1910 V.I. Chernopyatov published an epitaph written off by him at the Sevastopol city Orthodox cemetery: "The son of Lieutenant Gorenko Nikolay, died on December 25, 1885 at the age of 11."
It is known that the third child, Pyotr Andreevich Gorenko (b. 16.1.1850), in 1864 studied at the Simferopol gymnasium. He died on February 13, 1894 in Sevastopol with the rank of titular councilor at the age of 44 from "consumption of the lungs." The funeral service took place on February 14 in the Church of All Saints, the burial - in the city cemetery (possibly in the family crypt).
Leonid Antonovich Gorenko (2.2.1852 - 7.1.1891) was buried in a crypt at the Sevastopol city cemetery with his father and mother. The date of death is taken from the headstone.
Vladimir Antonovich Gorenko was born on June 3, 1858, presumably in Nikolaev. In the “Memorial book for the Odessa educational district for 1881” it is mentioned “a teacher of mathematics in the 12th grade of the Evpatoria gymnasium with a salary of 349 rubles a year. Orthodox, who received home education, was in office from September 21, 1879, in service from September 2, 1879. In 1891, Vladimir Antonovich had the rank of titular adviser.
His son Konstantin, who died at the age of 4, is buried at the Sevastopol city cemetery. The epitaph from the tombstone was also published by V.I. Chernopyatov: "Infant Konstantin Gorenko, died March 25, 1891."
Nadezhda Antonovna Gorenko (b. 23.1.1861). In the "Address-calendar of the Sevastopol city administration for 1911" it is indicated that Gorenko Nadezhda Antonovna, the daughter of a colonel, lived at Malaya Morskaya, 45 (now Volodarsky Street). One of the leaders of the Sevastopol organization of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, S.A. Nikonov, in his memoirs, wrote: “Now I will move on to the native Sevastopol people who took part in our organization, in addition to the youth from Melnikov’s circle, we also had numerous assistants of the Sevastopol people. Of these, the teacher stood out in particular. elementary school Nadezhda Antonovna Gorenko comes from a family of Sevastopol old-timers... Nadezhda Antonovna belonged to the type of very modest, but extremely useful employees, ready to fulfill any task. Except revolutionary activity, she has long been involved in local cultural work, mainly in terms of education (library, Sunday school, etc.) and conducted revolutionary propaganda among the workers on an individual basis. She died in 1921 or 1922.”
Evgenia Antonovna Gorenko (b. 12/18/1862) married Anatoly Maximilianovich Arnold, a student of the St. Petersburg Mining Institute, later - an official in the office of the Sevastopol mayor, a member of the city council. In 1882, Evgenia Antonovna was subjected to covert surveillance due to her correspondence with the NA. Zhelvakov (who shot on March 18, 1882 in Odessa by the verdict of Narodnaya Volya the military prosecutor V.S. Strelnikov and was executed together with S.N. Khalturin). In 1884, at her apartment in St. Petersburg, according to the gendarmerie department, meetings of the "Union of Youth" of the "Narodnaya Volya" party took place. The case was dismissed on October 30, 1887 due to the failure to find evidence for the prosecution. In 1887, Evgenia Antonovna received a medical education with the title of a female doctor. She worked as a free-practitioner doctor at the Sevastopol city administration. In the 1920s Lived with her husband at st. K. Marksa, 44/46 (currently Bolshaya Morskaya Street). She died March 15, 1926 from pneumonia and was buried in the city cemetery, as indicated in the death record. This fact clarifies the date of death of E.A. Gorenko, indicated by V.A. Chernykh (1927).
The revealed documents make it possible to believe and hope that the archives still hold many secrets, the disclosure of which will eventually eliminate the “blank spots” in Anna Akhmatova’s genealogy.

1 Lobytsyn V., Dyadichev V. Three generations of Gorenko // Marine collection. - 1995. - No. 3. - S. 88.
2 Commemorative book of the Naval Department for 1853 - St. Petersburg, 1853. - P. 31.
3 ChernykhVA. Pedigree A.A. Akhmatova // Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity. - Simferopol,
2001.-S. 5.
4 GAARC, f. 49, op. 1,d. 6887, l.1.
5 Volkov SV. Russian officer corps. - M.: Military Publishing House, 193. - S. 29.
6 Chernykh V A. Decree. op. - S. 13.
7 GAGS, f. 23, op. 1, d. 39, l. 131 vol.
8 Ibid., 46, l. 65 vol.
9 Ibid., d. 52, l. 10 vol.
10 Ibid., 57, l. 9 vol.
11 Ibid., f. 11, op. 1, d. 34, l. 5 vol.
12 Ibid., 37, l. 5 vol.
13 HAARC, f. 49, op. 1, d. 6887, l. 5-8.
14 Marine collection. - 1855. - L "5 (P). - Section I. - S. XLVII.
15 Marine collection. - 1855. - No. 8 (P). - Department P. - S. 471.
16 HAARC, f. 49, op. 1, d. 6887, l. 5-8.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid., d. 6846, l. 4-5; house 6849, l. 53.
19 Lobytsyn V., Dyadichey V. Decree. op. - S. 88.
20 Personal examination by the authors of the Sevastopol city cemetery.
21 Historical catalog of the Sevastopol Defense Museum. - Pg., 1914. - S. 112.
22 Crimean Bulletin - 1898 - 6 Jan.

23 ChernykhVA. Decree op. -FROM. 17.
24 Chernopyatov V.I. Necropolis of the Crimean Peninsula. - M., 1910.-S.105.
25 HAARC, f. 49, op. 1, d. 6887, l. eight.
26 GAGS, f. 30, op. 1, d. 29, l. 198 vol. - 199.
27 Memorable book for the Odessa educational district for 181 years. - Odessa, 1881. - S. 597.
28 GAGS, f. 30, op. 1, d. 24, l. 135 rev.
29 Ibid.
30 Chernopyatov V.I. Decree. op. - S. 105.
31 Address-calendar of the Sevastopol city administration for 1911. - Sevastopol, 1911. - S. 199.
32 Nikonov S A. My memories. - MGOOS. - K - 10009/3. - S. 75-76.
33 Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia (biobiliographic dictionary). - M, 1933. - T. 3 _
Issue. (A-B).-S. 120.
34 GAGS, f. R-608, op. 1.D.64, l. 176.

Published: Domestic archives. - 2001. - No. 3; Genealogical Bulletin. - 2003. - No. 14; Sevastopol: a look into the past: Collection of scientific articles by employees of the State Archives of Sevastopol. - Sevastopol, 2006. - S.302-306
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In the course of the Keston fieldwork, our team often observed and discussed both Orthodox orphanages and state-run ones (because various religious organizations often help different ways state orphanages). Both media materials and our personal meetings and conversations in different parts of the country speak of trouble in the maintenance, education and upbringing of numerous Russian orphans. Nevertheless, for a long time we did not consider ourselves entitled to speak on this topic, considering ourselves insufficiently competent.

However, the planned occasion - acquaintance with the work of Archpriest Andrey Voronov, head of the Orthodox orphanage in Kovalev near Nerekhta (official name - "Non-state educational institution Kovalevsky children's home"), prompted me to take a chance on this topic. Both the principles of Father Andrei and their practical implementation seem to be a complete and convincing answer to most of the questions related to the orphan problem.

Among people familiar with Orthodox church work with orphans, there is a widespread opinion that the orphanage founded by Father Andrei is the best Orthodox orphanage in Russia. After the deadly and fair criticism of work with children in the Bogolyubsky monastery in the Vladimir region, to which the Russian Review had a hand (Sergey Filatov. Vladimir - Suzdal monastic kingdom. - Russian Review, No. 42), as well as critical materials about some other church initiatives, there is a desire to tell how working with street children can be done well.

The success of Father Andrey's business cannot be imagined as the result of the success of a purely technological, managerial decision. His personality, his life path is an important ingredient for success. Andrei Voronin is a native Muscovite. While studying at the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University, Andrei Voronin was fond of mystical Eastern teachings. I accidentally read the Gospel, and it changed his life. He was secretly baptized in the Church of All Saints on Sokol and joined the circle of followers of the priest Dmitry Dudko. After graduating from the university with a degree in glaciology, he worked by distribution in Magadan. Then he worked in the Caucasus for three years. There he met and communicated with hermits who lived illegally in secret sketes. Gradually, the desire to become a priest grew stronger in him. In 1988, he abandoned his successful career as a glaciologist and entered the Trinity-Sergius Seminary. However, he wanted to serve the liturgy as soon as possible. He was ordained, became a part-time student, and left as a priest in the deep forests of the north. Kostroma region, in the village of Gorelets. There he organized a community, consisting mainly of graduates of the natural science faculties of Moscow State University. After two more priests were ordained in the small and close-knit community, Archbishop Alexander of Kostroma categorically stated that he could not allow three highly educated priests to continue serving for a community of twenty people with an extreme shortage of clergy in the diocese.

Father Andrey was sent to serve in the city of Nerekhta, and was soon appointed Dean of Nerekhta. Until 1992, Nerekhta was a relatively developed industrial center with several factories. In 1992, when Father Andrei arrived in this city, all the factories went bankrupt. The city presented a depressing picture of total social degradation. Hopelessness, lack of any prospects, general drunkenness and poverty, family breakdown. Most of all, the heart of the new priest was touched by the sight of flocks of abandoned children wandering aimlessly around the city. Father Andrei perceived the problem of abandoned children as the most important and decided to create an orphanage. In the first years of work on the project, Father Andrei did not have support from the diocesan authorities, Archbishop Alexander was very afraid that the orphanage would require significant funds from the diocesan budget and would be ruinous for him. Only when the bishop was convinced that Father Andrei would not ask for money did he begin to morally support Kovalevsky's undertaking.

Father Andrey came to the conclusion that without a suitable building and guaranteed material support, one cannot take responsibility for the children. He found sponsors among his friends at Moscow State University, who became successful businessmen, and Western foundations (primarily the Congress of Russian Americans). Over time, the orphanage began to receive partial funding from the Department of Education (which never exceeded 35% of the budget). In 1996, the building was ready, the first pupils settled in it. From the very beginning, the orphanage in Kovalevo met the highest standards. Living conditions, equipment, food standards correspond to European standards. Children are taken to a school in Nerekhta, but in Kovalevo itself, teachers, a psychiatrist, a defectologist, and tutors in basic subjects take care of them. Together with specialists, Father Andrei develops a program for each child to overcome mental and emotional retardation, psychological correction. Father Andrey organizes children's summer camps, kayaking and sailing trips, as well as children's trips to the mountains, including Elbrus climbing to thousands of heights. Such critical conditions, according to Father Andrey, help teenagers to get rid of many psychological complexes and shortcomings in their development, to feel like full-fledged individuals and develop feelings of solidarity and mutual assistance.

Father Andrei is sure that families should be modeled in orphanages. Currently, in the orphanage, children live in rooms of three with a special teacher who replaces their parents around the clock.

Depending on the financial possibilities, the number of pupils constantly fluctuates from 25 to 60. Housing conditions make it possible to support up to 80 children, but there was never enough money for this. The Kovalevsky orphanage accepts children from the age of 4, only boys. Under pressure from some feminist-minded American sponsors, a few years ago, Father Andrei took in several girls, which he greatly regretted. Orphan sexual promiscuity, acquired by children even before entering the orphanage, created a lot of additional problems. At the cost of great efforts, Father Andrei managed to arrange all these few girls in foster families and since then he has never agreed to accept female pupils.

To be attracted to church life father Andrey approaches children very delicately. By coercion, it is easy to induce hypocritical, feigned religiosity in children, which only contributes to deceit. In accordance with the ideas of Father Andrei, the attraction of pupils to the Church is of a mild, optional nature. However, “children are collectivists: new arrivals see that the elders pray and participate in worship; sooner or later they begin to imitate the elders. The role of educators in this matter should be minimal.”

The approach to solving father Andrei's orphan problems largely avoids the shortcomings inherent in the majority of both state and church orphanages. Father Andrei is critical of the "petty, senseless, and sometimes harmful regulation of the life of orphanages by the state." The state prohibits a lot, specifies a lot, but the full implementation of these prohibitions and instructions does not at all form a responsible, developed, active and moral person. The requirements are formal, but compliance with this form does not lead to the appearance of content. Father Andrey is especially perplexed by the prohibition to involve pupils in work, which is why "they grow up as lazy people with the psychology of consumers."

The Kovalevsky orphanage has a cattle farm, a pig farm, a poultry house, and a large vegetable garden. Professionals-specialists are involved in the development of this farmstead.

Father Andrei also notes the typical shortcomings of Orthodox shelters and orphanages. Church activists often take up work with homeless children without being financially or professionally prepared for this. Lacking sufficient means, the Orthodox sometimes doom children to a life in unacceptable conditions, even in cases where they love children and are professionally trained. Material insecurity cannot be overcome by enthusiasm.

Orthodox organizers of orphanages sometimes try to turn their institutions into closed ghettos, in which the task of education is deeply Orthodox people crushes all other educational and educational tasks. Nothing good comes of this. Children grow up defective, and good Christians do not turn out of them. From early childhood, children are encouraged to renounce the world, and they do not even know what it is - "peace". And when they see this “world” sooner or later, all exhortations will go to waste. A very debatable issue is the monastic orphanages and shelters. According to the canon, the shelter cannot be located on the territory of the monastery. For the most part, our modern monasticism has vague ideas about how to raise children. The monastery can successfully maintain an orphanage, spiritually take care of it. But the main responsibility and the main work should be carried out by secular specialists. In the 1990s and 2000s, in church institutions, "children in 2/3 cases were not protected in all respects."

According to Father Andrei, the ROC has achieved the greatest success in its work with children in organizing summer camps for children, many of which can serve as a model for secular organizers of children's outdoor recreation.

Father Andrei is not only the director of the orphanage, but also the dean of Nerekhta. And in this work of his, naturally, he also pays a lot of attention to the “children's issue”. The annual St. Pachomievsky readings organized by him in Nerekhta attract the attention of the local community and the district administration to the problems of raising children and Orthodox education. With his participation in Nerekhta, several educational and social projects are being carried out, the most interesting of which is the Otrada center. This center is a church dormitory-commune for graduates of orphanages studying at two vocational schools in Nerekhta. Thus, the Church does not leave orphanage graduates to the mercy of fate and helps them enter adulthood.

Many Orthodox orphanages and shelters have serious shortcomings, but there are also very successful examples work with the homeless. If the ROC consistently disseminates positive experience and resolutely eradicates such vicious phenomena as the “shelter” in the Bogolyubsky monastery in the Vladimir region, then it will theoretically be able to create a worthy alternative to the state system.

Priest Opening His Arms

For the first time I came to the St. Seraphim Church as a student of the St. Petersburg Theological Seminary. And I saw an amazingly lively, very experienced and wise priest who spoke incendiary sermons about love for Russia and about Orthodox faith, spiritual life. And, of course, it was still surprising that a priest with such experience. Usually we see the opposite: honored archpriests, they somehow keep to themselves, but here, on the contrary, he opened his arms, he always invited young priests to concelebrate with him in the service. He talked, taught us how to act correctly in certain circumstances. And, of course, all this could not but impress me. And I clung to my father. Then, after graduating from the seminary, from his diocese, from Ivanovo, he came here for a thousand kilometers, specifically to be with him, to be nourished by this amazing atmosphere of the Seraphim services, to listen to the beautiful singing of the choir, to stand next to the priest behind the throne, to listen to his wise advice or instructions . And, of course, the priest always told me: “If you can’t come, call me, and if you need something, ask.” Of course, my mother and I often called the father. And it was impossible to get through to him by phone. Until twelve o'clock his phone was always busy. That is, as I understand it, people from all over Russia called. And from abroad to ask his wise advice.

And we also called him when we heard that he was ill. And we say: “Father, I so want to see you, how can we see you?” And he replies: “You know, don’t come for another ten days, I’ll be in the hospital. And on the tenth of February you will come to me.

And so we arrived with my wife on the tenth of February, it turned out on the ninth day. Just the Lord made me serve Divine Liturgy. And come to the grave of dear father to honor his holy memory.

We always commemorate the priest in our church, although many of my parishioners only knew him from my words, but they always sent me - if you go to St. Petersburg, ask Father Vasily what to do. I brought notes from many people. Then the priest wrote letters to some, and simply answered some in words. And it was very difficult to serve the liturgy, to commemorate Father Vasily for the repose, because usually he was always among the first with us about health. Well, what to do, we are all mortal, and the Lord took our dear father. I hope that he stayed with us and hears our prayers. And we will also come to the grave. Take his blessing on all our affairs.

Archpriest Andrey Voronin, rector of the Church of the Archangel Michael in the village. Mikhailovsky and the rector of the temple in the name of the Fedorovsky Icon Mother of God in Ivanovo

Father Andrei is a graduate of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University with a degree in glaciology (a specialist in glaciers), before accepting the priesthood, he worked on Elbrus for many years. Ten years ago, he arranged a unique pedagogical experiment on the basis of an orphanage in the village of Kovalevo, Kostroma Region. Pupils of Andrei go in for sports, wrestling, go to the mountains, and then they themselves mount films about their travels. And the teachers who watch the life of this Orthodox orphanage from the outside shrug their shoulders, because the education system in Kovalevo brings real positive results: children from disadvantaged families receive a "start in life."

We met with Father Andrei on the eve of a new journey. Before that, the guys from Kovalevo visited the Crimean mountains, rowed the Karelian rivers, and even climbed Elbrus. And now - no less - they were going to conquer Alaska.

Father Andrei, you are the director and confessor of the orphanage, and at the same time the creator of the Children's Extreme Project. Why did you decide on such an unusual method of education?

I once spent many years in the mountains, and visited the Caucasus and Tibet. And in 1989 he became a priest, left for the Kostroma region, and distributed all the climbing equipment to friends, both ropes and skis. I thought this topic was closed for me.

And then, after 1991, when a terrible time began, and it turned out that there were a huge number of homeless children around, we began to build an orphanage. In 1997, the question arose: what to do next? After all, children grow up very quickly. And then, as I understand now, rather out of desperation, I decided to take the guys to the mountains. For many years of work and life in the mountains, I did not meet there bad people. Mountains are a kind of forge of male character.

The results of this first hike with children in the late 90s amazed not only me, but also experienced teachers. During the ten days of the mountain hike, we achieved results that we did not achieve even in ten months of hard pedagogical work.

What is special about your pedagogical approach?

We build our work on these five principles. The first is the family arrangement of children, they live in our orphanage “at home”, in such peculiar “families”, where older children help the younger ones, and they have “parents” who are both educators and mentors. The second is the Church. The third is study. The fourth is labor. We have a large subsidiary farm, a farm, the land that we cultivate. The fifth is sports and a healthy lifestyle. Our children are engaged in wrestling and extreme travel - tourism and mountaineering.

Very often our methodology is criticized, but there is also support, and the highest is His Holiness Patriarch approved our undertaking and blessed us all.

Tell me, father Andrei, does a believer somehow look at hiking in the mountains in a special way?

You know, mountains are an analogy of the spiritual life of a person, and a complete analogy. Mountain - it is like an icon, an image of the mountain that is inside us, and which we climb all our lives. Climbing up is associated with dangers, with risk, difficulties, with a great strain of physical, spiritual, mental strength. And you can fly down without straining any special effort. And fall into the abyss.

And what can mountaineering give besides pleasure and physical training?

Mountains fascinate us, attract and transform. I know many climbers, and I see how spiritually rich these people are, and they themselves, unknowingly, strive for God. They overcome cowardice, meanness, human insignificance.

Can climbing mountains bring spiritual harm?

Of course, not everything is so safe. Many people who go to the mountains have pride. But for us, mountains are only a means, thanks to them we solve our problems. pedagogical tasks. In the mountains there is a unification of human nature, fragmented by sin. After all, modern man, who spends most of his time at the computer, the head is in a completely different place than the body.

In the mountains, with a backpack, climbing a glacier, climbing a rope, you come together. And not for a moment, but for a long time, for example, for a week, two or more. And passing through suffering, yes, yes, because it is, in fact, voluntary suffering, the human heart is cleansed. Blessed pure in heart for they will see God. It's amazing how children change in such a situation. Very difficult children.

Most of our compatriots think so: yes, there are many homeless children, a terrible number, unprecedented in the history of Russia. Yes, they need to be collected, dressed, fed, brought up in some way. And few people think that 99% of these children are disabled.

What do you have in mind?

They are psychologically disabled. And partly spiritual. The times of Makarenko are over, these are not the children with whom he dealt. Those kids had parents they loved. And these parents died for one reason or another. And now we are dealing with abandoned children. And they had a blockade in the brain and heart from an early stage of development.

They stopped trusting people. Instead of a mother, they have a “black hole” in their heart. Their basic human instinct, attachment, dies out, with all the tragic consequences. This disability is far more dangerous than any other, but it is hidden. And only those who are closely connected with these children understand that our pedagogical resources have been exhausted, and we must look for new methods. Otherwise, hands down. We took this path, and we see that we were not mistaken - in the campaign, in fact, rehabilitation takes place.

And not only in the mountains. We go skiing in winter, in 30-degree frosts. We spend the night in the snow, in caves, in tents. The guys are not only rehabilitated psychologically and spiritually, but also go through a harsh school of life.

The time in which we live is often called the era of consumerism. And our task is to teach children how to fight to preserve human dignity, the image and likeness of God in any situation. And it's not easy at all.

For a long time, “actions in defense of childhood” have become common for us - processions with gifts that deputies, heads of districts and just kind people taken to orphanages. We are even ready to contribute to the current account, saving an orphanage somewhere in the province from devastation. Thanks to television, we have already learned the appearance of an orphanage - a small, awkward child in poor clothes.
Try to imagine that in Russia there is an orphanage where children live in a completely different way. Where there are no daily worries for the director - how to feed the children, what to wear, how to teach?
This orphanage is located in the village of Kovalevo near the town of Nerekhta, Kostroma Region. There is a huge gym with a seven-meter climbing wall, a carpentry workshop with unique machines, its own land, tractors, buses, a fair number of cows and pigs. Children live there each in their own family. They receive prizes at sambo championships, go on the most difficult hikes, shoot and edit films themselves.
In June, a group of children from the Kovalevsky orphanage climbed the highest mountain in Europe. The director of the orphanage, priest Andrei VORONIN, led them to Elbrus.

Andrey VORONIN,
Priest

“I want to pass on the most important thing to children...”

Father Andrei looks to be about fifty years old, a soft smile in a graying beard, eyes - sometimes cheerful, sometimes strict, unhurried movements of a big and strong man. I managed to talk with him only in the evening, carving out half an hour in his crazy schedule. We sat down in a small room, and he strictly forbade anyone to disturb him. But every five minutes someone burst in with another urgent matter, which Father Andrei quickly and without fuss resolved. And then he continued the interrupted conversation in a calm, muffled voice.

I have periods in my life when I cannot cope with the flow of thoughts and sensations that come over me. It is impossible to resist them, they capture completely. It is as if you find yourself in a swift, turbulent stream, it carries you somewhere, and nothing depends on you personally. If you surrender to the flow, let it carry you, the understanding comes that everything is right. But when you resist, try to jump out, do something else, there is an internal discomfort. In this stream, I would be glad to decide something myself, but these are no longer my decisions, I just get carried away by them. And it happens at the most key points in life. Like a revelation.
That's how it was with the priesthood. Everything lined up miraculously, without a drop of logical calculation. And the same with orphanage.
I was a glaciologist, a specialist in glaciers, processes associated with permafrost. In 1989, he quit his job as head of a detachment in the Caucasus and by some miracle entered the seminary of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. He was ordained already in Kostroma, and from there in 1991 he ended up in Nerekhta. I was drawn to the wilderness, I wanted something Russian, primordial. I went, absolutely not imagining what kind of parish it was.
And in the early nineties, I ended up in Nerekhta. In the city, all enterprises fell apart. Unemployment, ruin. And some general confusion. Children whose parents began to drink out of grief ended up on the streets. And I realized that something had to be done. These children should at least be taken out of Nerekhta for a while, taken away from the streets.
I already knew then that not far from the city, in Kovalev, there appropriate place. But there were no plans yet.
And then, quite by accident, he met a Russian American woman in the diocese. And we formed a kind of friendship. Once I took her around the neighborhood and just mentioned: they say, we want to build an orphanage here. And forgot about it.
Suddenly a call: the Congress of Russian Americans is ready to finance our project.
I am completely at a loss: what project, what is it about? And a month later they come, and that's it - the case began to spin.
In three years, at great expense, we raised the old building from the ruins. They moved the children in and lived in the usual orphanage, barracks order.
By the way, amazing fact- at the time of registration, we were the only church-state orphanage in Russia. It was fantastic. The Department of Education took a very big risk by entering into a co-financing agreement. Wonderful people worked there and did a lot for us.
Friends and acquaintances started visiting me. And then one person arrived - Oleg. He really liked what we do, he helped us buy arable land, a bus. And then he suggested: “Listen, let's new house build? I have money. I'll just give you the key and that's it."
And next to our old building began to build this orphanage. And just imagine: it seems like everything is already ready - decoration, tiles, wallpaper. And at the last moment they ask me: father Andrey, how do you want it to be ideally?
I answer: there is no limit to perfection. Of course, it would be very good to make a family orphanage. We start discussing this idea and eventually agree on a family orphanage and build it. And the building is ready!
Well. We found out how such houses were built, and began to rebuild everything anew. They smashed floors, slabs, made stairs, changed partitions. The room for each family turned out to be unique, everywhere has its own geometry of space. And then there was already a psychological structure, families became different.
What is the point of a family orphanage?
There is a very big problem: the complete desocialization of the orphanage child. They live in an orphanage with everything ready. They are even forbidden by the regulations to socialize! For example: there should be a common catering unit, there should be a dishwasher. Children are not even allowed to wash their own dishes! And as a result, they leave the orphanage, getting used to everything ready. They all owe it. And such small families, where children cook in an almost homely atmosphere, somehow solve this problem. Because the child must grow up in the family. Either in a substitute, or in a normal one, but always in a family. Ordinary orphanages do not give anything. Children who are abandoned by their mothers from birth, diapers are not changed, they are not cared for, there is an underestimated motivation, a “here and now” syndrome, they live in one moment.
A normal orphanage is a family, it is the rehabilitation of such children. There must be special methods. Sports, work, hiking.
And we have results. All professionals who work with such children are amazed. They say: we have not met such children. It is clear that these are not home children. But these are not orphanages.
And what they come here - horror. With diseases, with organic lesions of the nervous system, with mental disorders, with oligophrenia. Almost everyone in the past had episodes that terribly affected their psyche. In front of someone's eyes, the father cut off the mother's hand, the other himself gave the father the knife with which he stabbed the mother ... And all this happened almost with babies. Looking at them, it is impossible to imagine what they had to endure.
Therefore, the family is a family, but the most important thing is hiking. For a week, for two. And not only on Elbrus. We leave under sail, on skis, into the forest, into the mountains, into caves with special equipment. We have a whole sailing fleet - five ships built by ourselves. My boys are captains, they manage the sails.
In addition to physical benefits, the most important thing is that there are no women on the campaign, there is no one to feel sorry for the guys there. Everything is serious there. A man is not a gender, but a profession. You need to become a man, learn this business. Through sports, work, extreme hiking. And they become kinder, more courageous, open their souls. The elders will never offend the younger ones. On the contrary, I see when the campaign becomes difficult, they begin to help the weak.
And most importantly, why do we pull children to the mountains at all - there things are revealed in a person that you will never see in other conditions. The mental and nervous load is so strong that everything superfluous disappears, your very nature opens up. You see all your weaknesses, see yourself for who you are. And seeing weaknesses in yourself and in others, you learn to understand people, to accept them as they are. You start loving them. In the mountains, you are not challenging God, but yourself.
We all have illusions about our capabilities. Lying on the couch at home, we are unable to check them. And up there, we can. I want to teach children, to convey to them this is the most important thing. After all, it was through the mountains that I came to God.

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