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Loki refers to Scandinavian mythology. He is considered a negative character. He has the ability to change appearance, which is where the expression "the mask of the god Loki" came from. Initially, this god was simply capricious and naughty, but since the time of his actions they have become more sinister and he began to create various difficult situations for the surrounding people and gods. Often, leaving difficult situations, he could without hesitation sacrifice the life of another god. Its symbols are fire, air and.

What is known about the Scandinavian god Loki?

Most often, this god is described as a handsome man of short stature with a thin physique. His hair is fiery red. The Scandinavians attribute to Loki the most terrible and negative traits: duplicity, cunning, deceit, deceit, etc. Despite this, aces often turned to him for help. For example, using the ability of reincarnation, he turned into a beautiful mare and lured a horse from an etun-mason, which made it possible not to give him the goddess Freya as his wife. Thanks to the help of the god of lies Loki, the aces were able to get such treasures: Thor's hammer, Odin's spear, Skidbladnir's ship and much more.

The god of fire Loki was very fond of eating and one day, he even arranged a competition with his own element. The fire spirit became a giant, and they had a competition to see who could eat the most. Loki was able to overpower only part of the food, while the fire not only finished the rest, but also ate the dishes and the table.

Loki belongs to the etun family, but the aces nevertheless allowed him to live in Asgard, given his intelligence and cunning. Loki has other names - Ladur and Loft. By the way, there is an opinion that he is not a real god. He has many children, for example, three from the giantess Angrboda:

• daughter - the goddess of the kingdom of the dead, whose body was half red and half blue;
• giant snake;
• huge wolf.

There is also information that Loki is the founder of all witches. It happened after he ate a half-burned heart angry woman. Sigyn was considered the wife of this god.

At the feast of the gods, held after the death of Balder, Loki began to quarrel with everyone. He mortally insulted every ace, which caused a huge one and they wanted to kill him. The god of lies and deceit, Loki, turned into a salmon and tried to hide in a waterfall, but he was eventually caught. The Ases also seized two children, who killed each other. With their guts they tied Loki to a rock. Skadi, in order to avenge her father, hung a snake over him, the poison of which fell on his face. To save her husband, Sigyn held a bowl over him, in which poison was collected. When it was full, it moved away to drain everything and it was at this time that the poison fell on Loki, who experienced great torment, and this led to an earthquake. During the period of Ragnarok, the god Loki will fight on the side of the giants. In battle, he will die at the hands of Heimdall.

The month of the god Loki is the period from 21.01 to 19.02. People born during this period will often be subjected to various tests and trials. Who can overcome all this will be rewarded with a fateful gift. To appease Loki, it is recommended to often light beautiful candles in your house. In this case, you can say such a conspiracy:

“I light the candles, I call Loki. Lightning and fire, become a mountain for me.

It is recommended to give preference to yellow, gold, orange, red and light brown clothes. Loki can reward his fans with various gifts and realize their most cherished dreams. If people treat him dismissively, then he can create serious life problems and trouble. Connecting to the energy of Loki is especially necessary in situations where it is important to hide something. With the help of this god, you can protect yourself from deception and fraud.

I completely forgot that it was my dad's birthday yesterday.
Sobsna, I'm very ashamed, but my dad is the best, he will understand.

And in honor of this significant event - a little about Loki.

In modern northern reenactment paganism, Loki is a problematic deity. Those who base their reconstructions on Anglo-Saxon sources somehow avoid the problems associated with Loki, because he is not mentioned in these sources. The rest have a harder time, and among them there are three completely different approaches to this god:

1) Loki is the worst of the villains and the great criminal against humanity and the gods of Asgard. He should not be honored. It is not even worth mentioning it (especially during sacred rites);

2) Loki should be treated with caution, but also with some respect, so as not to incur his wrath or Odin’s displeasure, since Loki is Odin’s brother, and it would be impolite to honor only one of them, bypassing the attention of the other . Similarly, he is treated by those who simply do not understand how to approach this god, and prefer to keep the middle between extremes;

3) Loki deserves sincere love and respect. The few who truly honor and love Loki (and not just use his name as an excuse for their own unseemly acts) love him truly and with all their hearts, although they readily admit that working with him is difficult: he does not let anyone stand long in one place and constantly pushes its followers to develop and grow.

In addition, Loki is almost ahead of all other Scandinavian gods in terms of the number of references in mythological plots. The temptation was too great to write another adventure story with this resourceful, courageous and cunning trickster in the title role - and many could not resist this temptation even after Scandinavia became Christian. In one famous story, Thrym, the High King of Jotunheim, steals Thor's hammer, and Loki convinces Thor to go to the Jotuns in a woman's dress, disguised as Freya, the goddess of love, in order to rescue a magical weapon. In another story, Loki himself is captured by the giant Tyazzi, and he forces him to help in kidnapping the goddess Idunn and her rejuvenating apples; but Loki subsequently rescues Idunn and returns her to the Æsir. Another story tells how Loki turned into a mare and lured the stallion Svadilfari, thereby saving the aces from having to pay the owner of Svadilfari for the construction of the walls of Asgard. All these stories about how Loki rescues aces from a stalemate, you will find in other chapters - I will not retell them here again. But the fact that not a single collection of retellings of the Scandinavian sagas (including this book) can do without them is remarkable in itself.

In an even more favorable light, Loki appears in the Faroese ballad "Lokkatattur" ("The Tale of Loki"). Here a certain giant defeats a peasant in a competition and demands that he give him his son in payment for the loss. The desperate father calls out to Odin and then to Hoenir, begging them to hide the boy. One turns the boy into an ear of wheat in the field, and Hoenir into a feather of one of the swans in a huge flock, but the bloodthirsty giant finds him both times with ease. Finally, Loki enters the scene. He tells the peasant to build a boathouse and take away its windows with iron bars, and he goes fishing with the boy. Having caught a halibut, he turns the boy into an egg and hides it in the stomach of a fish, and then releases the fish into the sea. When the giant comes looking for the boy, Loki goes fishing with him. The giant fishes out a halibut, cuts open its belly and starts counting the eggs. A boy in the form of one of the eggs, frightened, rolls away; Loki quietly picks him up while the giant is busy counting, carries him to the shore and returns him to his human form. The boy runs and hides in the shed; the giant, recollecting himself, chases after him, but gets his head stuck in the grate. Loki safely kills the giant by chopping him to pieces and brings the boy home. The peasant and his wife embrace and thank the savior.

So, we again have the good old triumvirate - Odin, Hoenir and Loki; and again it is Loki who is the only one who can save everyone in an hour of dire need. He triumphs where even Odin fails.

But the most significant (and most controversial) of all the stories involving Loki is the story of the death of Balder. Baldur the beautiful solar god, the son of Odin and Frigga, begins to have dreams that portend an imminent death. This is not surprising, given that the golden gods are sacrificial gods: for example, Freyr, the golden god of the Vanir, dies every year in the ritual of sacrifice and is reborn again. But Balder is afraid of the fate prepared for him, and a loving mother decides to protect him. She goes around the world and takes an oath from every stone, metal, plant and animal that they will never harm Balder. She misses only one young sprig of mistletoe - that one is too small and harmless. After that, the gods begin to have fun: everyone goes out onto the field and starts throwing spears and arrows at Balder, and he remains safe and sound.

But then Loki arrives with a dart made from the same sprig of mistletoe, and convinces Höd, Baldur's blind brother, to take part in the common fun, promising to guide his hand. Hod obediently throws a dart at Balder, and the bright god falls dead. The shaken aces weep and mourn; Balder's widow, Nanna, dies of grief. The Ases build a huge burial boat for them, but it turns out to be so heavy that even Thor cannot move it. Suddenly, a mysterious giantess named Hyurrokin appears; mocking the aces, she easily pushes the boat into the sea and disappears. According to some spirit-seers, Angrboda herself, the wife of Loki, was hiding under the name Hyurrokin, who came to make sure that Balder's body was properly committed to fire and waves.

Loki, meanwhile, fled from Asgard, but eventually appeared again before the gods, who had gathered at the feast, and challenged everyone. He accused the aces of hypocrisy and cowardice, listing how they all lied, broke their oaths and generally did not meet their own standards ("Let's say I do all this too," it was implied, "but at least I'm not lying") . In addition, he openly admitted to being the killer of Baldur. Enraged (it is not clear what exactly in the first place - whether by killing Balder or by the fact that all their sins surfaced), the aces attacked him like a pack of dogs. Loki fled to and hid in a far corner of Midgard, near a waterfall near the Franangr fjord. There he built himself a hut and cut windows in all four walls so that he could see from afar everyone who approached him. When the Æsir found his hiding place, he turned into a salmon and dived into the stream under the waterfall. But Thor blocked the stream with a net with heavy stones (so that no one swam under it), caught Loki and pulled him ashore. After a brief struggle, Loki returned to his normal form.

Thor and several other aces began to ask Odin to let them kill Loki or kill him himself. But Odin, much to their surprise, did not want to execute the murderer of his son. In the midst of these disputes, the aces were attacked by two sons of Loki from Sigyn - Narvi and Vali, the youngest of whom was almost still a child, and the eldest was barely out of adolescence. They tried to protect their father and recapture him from Thor, but Odin turned Vali into a wolf and set him on Narvi. Vali killed his own brother; not listening to the cries of Sigyn, the aces tore out the intestines from the body of Narvi, tied Loki with them, enchanting the dead flesh so that it became stronger than any metal, and threw the defeated jotun into a deep cave.

The giantess Skadi, still not forgiving Loki that he once broke her heart, hung a snake over his head, from whose mouth it constantly drips poison. Faithful Sigyn stayed by her husband's side. She holds a bowl over him, collecting poison in it, but from time to time she has to move away to empty the bowl, and then Loki screams and writhes in pain, and the whole earth trembles with him. When earthquakes happened, it was said that it was Loki who was beating in his chains.

Modern adherents of Loki have not yet come to a common opinion about what is happening to him now. Some say that he is still imprisoned in an underground cave; others say that he broke free, and still others that he is mostly free, but in a sense he is still shackled. Since Loki sometimes contradicts himself, it is difficult to rely on his own words on this matter.

In almost all cultures there were two ethical systems - ideal and practical. And pre-Christian Northern Europe is no exception. There was a military code of ethics, in which essential given honor and honesty; and without him the whole way of life…but since the world the ancient Scandinavians lived in was harsh and often cruel, people sometimes had to act dishonorably just to survive.


Loki's cunning is most often directed against the enemies of Asgard. Loki tricks Thrym into returning Thor's hammer; he returns the ace Idunn, kidnapped by the giant Tjazzi; time after time, he helps the inhabitants of Asgard cope with terrible misfortunes. And for this, if they do not like him, then at least they tolerate him. Again and again he saves the gods - but his very presence reminds the gods that they are not behaving like a god. Looking at his empty sleeve, Tyr always involuntarily remembers how he betrayed Fenrir, the son of Loki; astride Sleipnir, Odin cannot simply brush aside the memories of how he and his relatives deceived the giant who built the walls of Asgard. Thanks to Loki, the aces received many of their most valuable treasures, but in order to get them, he often had to sacrifice honor.

Turning to Loki (as well as imitating him in your own life) is a serious matter. Loki is a deity who is invoked only when all other means have been exhausted. And he is called to help not when the life of an individual is in danger, but when the existence of the entire tribe is at stake. He is the survival instinct personified, far more ancient than any cultural norms. If Asgard were left without walls, it would become easy prey for the giants ... and if the aces fulfilled the terms of the contract, they would dishonor Freya, in fact, forcing her to become a victim of violence. In the legends that have come down to us, Loki does not appear to be the god of chaos (whatever some “northern Discordians” may say), but, on the contrary, the god of order - but such an order that must be preserved at any cost. He is not so much immoral as non-moral; in terms of Nietzscheanism, he is the Will to Power, striving only for victory and not burdening itself with speculative categories of good and evil.

In terms of the number of adherents, he far outstrips all other ryokks (jotuns with divine status, the so-called shadow gods), and, in addition, over the past decade, the number of Lokians has increased dramatically (not only among strict followers northern tradition, but also in the world as a whole). Loki is ready to communicate with anyone, regardless of nationality, race and religion.

_________________________
Loki's Day - 11th day of Litemonat, Lita's Month (June 11)
Color: red
Element: Fire
Altar: On the red cover place three red candles, a stone with the Os rune carved on it, a figurine of a mare, a figurine of a bird, two small round stones and a chain.
Offerings: Analyze situations in which you manipulate other people - even in truthful ways or for their own good. Don't spare yourself.
Food during the day: hot, spicy, spicy food.

:::Summoning Loki:::

O son of Laufey, sly one
from far northern countries,
O child of giants
and the spirit of refined play,
now by hint, now by flattery
inspiring secret plan,
oh liar
who speaks the truth when there is no one to hear it!
We call you, o two-faced one,
O you, whose soul burns with unquenchable fire!
Be the judge of our souls
O Loki, spirit of Truth and Falsehood!

There are four phrases that allow you to contact Loki directly - just like with any other deity. Here they are: "Please!", "Thank you!", "Oh, I'm sorry!" - and the most important: "I love you!" (With)

Loki (Loft, Lodur, Hvedrung) is a god in Norse mythology. He is the son of the jotun giant Farbauti and the giantess Laufey. Loki himself comes from a family of jotun giants. In Scandinavian mythology, jotuns live in one of the nine worlds - Jotunheim, but after the death of her husband, Loki's mother took little Loki to Asgard (heavenly city, the abode of the gods). For an extraordinary mind and cunning, the gods allowed Loki to live with them.

Thanks to cunning, resourcefulness and other abilities of Loki, norse gods received many treasures. For example, Thor's hammer Mjolnir was forged by the dwarf dwarves Brok and Sindri in a dispute with Loki about his skill. The same dwarf sons of Ivaldi, after meeting with Loki, created: the spear of Odin Gungnir, the ship of the aces Skidbladnir, the magical Golden ring Draupnir and the boar Gullinbursti, ridden by Freyr.

The origin of the name Loki has not yet been reliably clarified. There are two most popular versions. "Loki" from the word "logs", which translates as "fire", that is, Loki in ancient times was the god of fire. The second version compares Loki to the Old Norse word "lúka", which translates as "close, lock, finish." The second version may point to Loki as an underground god or god of death, or indicates his role in Ragnarok, the onset of which Loki hastened.

Loki is considered the father of several gods who occupy special place in Scandinavian mythology. According to legend, Loki lived with the giantess Angrboda for three years. Angrboda gave birth to Loki three children: 1. the wolf Fenrir, who guards the underworld and, judging by the predictions of Ragnarok, at the end of time must kill Odin; 2. the serpent of Jörmungandr, which is also called the "World Serpent" or "Midgard Serpent". Jörmungandr grew so huge that he encircled the whole earth and grabbed his tail. In the final world battle, the son of Loki, the serpent Jörmungandr, must kill Thor; 3. Hel - the mistress of the dead, the queen of the world of the dead of Helheim. The second wife of Loki, who is considered his wife until Ragnarok, is Sigyn. From Sigyn, Loki has two children: Nari and Vali. Moreover, Loki himself was able to become pregnant - he endured and gave birth to an eight-legged foal Sleipnir, who later became Odin's horse.

German-Scandinavian mythology has undergone tremendous changes since the time of the Indo-Europeans. However, even today you can find similar features of the gods of the Scandinavians and Slavic gods. As for Loki, he corresponds to our Chernobog or the god of the underworld, and evidence for this will be given later. His children are very similar to our deities, although with some differences. For example, the serpent Jormungandr is similar to ours, the wolf Fenrir to ours, and Loki's daughter Hel is a copy of our goddess of the dead and the underworld (Mara, Marena). There are no direct references to the fact that Loki is the god of the underworld of the dead in Scandinavian legends. However, we can see this role of Loki in detail. For example, Loki is opposed to other gods. He is presented as a cunning and even insidious god. Moreover, Loki killed the god of spring, fertility and agriculture, Baldur. The last myth refers us to the original beliefs that existed in ancient times. In many beliefs, the god of the underworld of the dead corresponds to the winter time period and is opposed to the spring and summer gods. The change of summer and winter is often reflected in myths as a battle (often fatal) between the gods of winter and summer, or the gods of the underworld and the gods of the sky, or the abduction of one god by another. His involvement in the "dark" world is also evidenced by his offspring - the serpent Jörmungandr, who is opposed to the gods of Asgard, the wolf Fenrir, who is chained deep underground, and Hel, the goddess of the underworld.

It is also interesting that supreme god Odin and the god of cunning Loki are twin gods who swore an oath of allegiance to each other. This moment of the German-Scandinavian mythology can be compared with the world pagan "rule" of the close relationship between the two phenomena of the world - dark side and light, underground and heavenly, the connection of light and darkness, day and night.

The last part of the Scandinavian legends about Loki's life among the gods and his punishment speaks of his role in patronizing the underworld. After Loki insulted the gods and confessed his involvement in the death of the god Baldur, the angry aces chased him. He tried to hide in the waterfall of the Franangr fjord in the form of a salmon, but the gods still managed to notice and grab him. Together with him, the aces seized his two children, Vali and Narvi. Vali was turned into a wolf that tore Narvi apart. Loki himself was thrown into the bowels of the earth and chained to three stones with the intestines of Narvi. The goddess Skadi hung a snake over his head, from whose teeth poison continuously drips onto Loki's face. Faithful wife Sigyn is constantly next to Loki and, in order to alleviate her husband's suffering, holds a bowl over his head. When the cup overflows, she leaves to empty it, and then the poison again brings Loki torment. From the fact that Loki begins to rush about, according to the ideas of the ancient Scandinavians, earthquakes begin. This moment of Scandinavian mythology once again confirms the version that Loki is the god of the underworld. Slightly similar plots exist in Slavic pagan beliefs, which are reflected in folk tales, for example, the moment when Marya Morevna keeps the god of the underworld Koshchei tied up in a dark closet.

Judging by the predictions about Ragnarok, freed from the shackles of Loki and the guardian of the gods and the world tree, Heimdall will kill each other in the last battle on the battlefield of Vigrid.

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Norse mythology has been around for many centuries. He was made a character in many books, music, movies and even computer games. At the same time, the characteristics of this deity have many controversial interpretations among researchers and mythologists. The main data about Loki is contained in such works as the "Younger Edda" and "Elder Edda", written by the Icelandic writer Snorri Sturluson in the 11th century in the form of textbooks on skaldic poetry.

Essence and origin

Loki - Scandinavian deceit and cunning. Snorri also gave deities: he is handsome, short, thin, and his hair has a fiery red color. His distinguishing features are a sharp mind, deceit, resourcefulness, cunning and duplicity, as well as the ability to change appearance. Thanks to these qualities, the Ases allowed the Jotun to live in Asgar. This god also has several other names: Lodur, Loft and Hvedrung.

Regarding the origin of Loki, it is believed that his father was Farbauti, and his mother was Lauvei (another name is Nal). Although, according to some other researchers, Loki existed even before Odin, because his father was the giant Ymir, the air Kari and the water Khler were brothers, and the goddess Ran was a sister. And only later, the god of fire and deceit entered the triad of demiurges along with Odin and Khenir. Despite the fact that in the modern interpretation of Scandinavian mythology, various sources indicate that Thor and Loki are antipodes, in the same Snorri Sturluson, Odin is the twin god of deceit, but at the same time his opposite. But the god of thunder only occasionally kept the cunning deity company in certain situations.

Characteristic

Mythology reveals a very versatile cunning deity. God Loki possessed many necessary qualities, for which the aces endured his antics and turned a blind eye to many things. In many situations, he rescued other gods, but in most of these cases, they got into trouble precisely because of Loki, who saved his own skin or saw any benefit. The insidious god helped the aces, then the giants, and for a long time it suited them all, especially since at the beginning of his appearance in Asgard, Loki was good, as far as possible for the god of deceit, he helped the gods many times. Together with Odin, he participated in the creation of the world, together with other demiurges he breathed life into the wooden prototypes of people. He helped the gods obtain or return many treasures. However, later, becoming angrier and gaining more demonic essence, the god Loki deserved the hatred of the aces, whom he constantly quarreled with each other and became the embodiment of all troubles, up to Ragnarok. This deity has become an analogue of Lucifer in Scandinavian mythology.

personal gain

In the adventure, together with Odin and Hernir, described in the "Younger Edda", the god Loki hit Tiazzi, who turned into an eagle and tried to take the best pieces of food prepared by the Ases, but stuck to the giant, who took him to his lair. Tiazzi promised to release Loki in exchange for Idunn and her, and he, thanks to his cunning and deceit, led the goddess to the giant. But aces without apples began to grow old and forced Loki to return Idunn. Turning into a falcon, the culprit was able to return the goddess to Asgard, and the other gods killed Tiatia the eagle who flew in after her. This case perfectly demonstrates that Loki, for the most part, did any actions only on the basis of his own benefit or the threat to his life.

Adventures with Thor

But nevertheless, the insidious god also had such deeds that can be called disinterested. Only thanks to his mind, resourcefulness and cunning, the god of thunder was able to return his legendary hammer Mjollnir. Thor and Loki went to the lair of the etun Thrym, who stole the legendary weapon, disguised as his bride and her maid. The sly one persuaded the giant to show his bride a great hammer, and when Hold showed Mjollnir, Thor managed to snatch the hilt and defeat the kidnapper.

But these two gods also had such adventures in which Loki substituted his companion. To save his life, the born jotun brought Thor directly to the lair of the giant Geirrod, the Thunderer could only be saved thanks to the kind Grid.

Heritage

Like many deities from various pantheons, Loki also has a peculiar heritage. It is believed that initially he was not evil, being the spirit of life. Together with his wife Glut (shine), the fire god Loki was considered a symbol hearth. From his first marriage he had two children - Enmira and Eiza. However, the further, the more Loki became embittered and demonized. His second wife was the giantess Angrboda, their secret marriage in the Iron Forest of Jotunheim was forbidden by Odin, who became even more angry when he learned about the birth of three monster children: the red-blue Hel, the terrible wolf Fenrir and the huge serpent Jörmungandr. Odin threw Hel to Niflheim, where she became Jörmungand, sent to the bottom of the sea, where he became the World Serpent, but Fenrir was initially taken to Asgard, where he tried to put him on a chain, but none of them could keep the mighty wolf, and as a result he was cast into the underworld.

The god Loki also gave birth to the legendary eighth stallion Odin Sleipnir. Using his ability, he turned into a mare to distract the horse Svadilfari, thanks to which the jotun-mason promised the aces to build Asgard in record time, and the gods did not want to pay his bills. The third and last wife of Loki was Sigyn, who bore him two sons: Vali and Narvi (or Ali and Nari).

Wrath of the gods

At a feast at Aegir (sea giant), the god Loki impartially denounced the aces in their shortcomings and confessed to the murder of Balder, the son of Odin. For the gods, this was the last straw. They seized the villain and both of his sons, turned Vali into a wolf who tore his brother to pieces, and tied Loki to three stones with the bowels of Narvi, and hung a snake over his head, the poison of which was supposed to drip onto the face of the offending deity and bring him hellish torment. Sigyn held a bowl in which she collected poison so that it would not fall on her husband's face. But when it overflowed and it was necessary to empty it, drops fell on Loki's face, and the earth itself shook from his torment. And so on until Ragnarok itself, during which the god Loki fought against the aces.

Today we will talk about the god Loki, who at first was considered the spirit of life and was the embodiment of the hearth, but then he began to combine the features of a god and a demon, and then completely became the Scandinavian version of Lucifer. That is, the god Loki is the lord of lies, the source of deceit and various slander.

But today we will shift the focus and I will tell you the myth about the children of Loki.

Video version of the article

Once, it was before the giants began the war with Asami, the god of fire Loki, wandering around the world, wandered into Jotunheim and lived there for three years with the giantess Angrboda. During this time, she bore him three children: the girl Hel, the snake Jormundgad and the wolf cub Fenris. Returning back to Asgard, the god of fire did not tell anyone about his stay in the country of the giants, but the omniscient Odin soon found out about the children of Loki and went to the source of Urd to ask the prophetic norns about their future fate.

“Look, look, the wise father of the gods himself has come to us!” But he will hear bad news from us,” the elder norn said as soon as she saw him.
“He has come to hear something from us that will disturb him for a long time,” added the middle norn.
“Yes, he came to hear from us about the children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda,” the youngest of the norns confirmed.
“If you know why I came to you, then answer me the question that I wanted to ask you,” said Odin.
“Yes, we will answer you,” Urd spoke again. “But it would be better for you not to hear our words. Know that those about whom you wanted to ask will bring much misfortune to the gods.
“Two of them will bring death to you and your eldest son, and the third will reign after you, and her kingdom will be the kingdom of darkness and death,” Verdandi added.
“Yes, the wolf will kill you, and the snake will kill Thor, but they themselves will die, and the kingdom of the third will be short-lived: life will triumph over death, and light over darkness,” Skuld said.

Sad and preoccupied, the ruler of the world returned to Asgard. Here he called all the gods and told them about the prediction of the Norns, and sent Thor to Jotunheim for the children of Loki. The Ases listened with anxiety to the words of Odin, but they were even more frightened when the god of thunder brought Hel, Jormundgad, with him on his chariot.

Still quite young, Hel was already two heads taller than her gigantic mother. The left side of her face and torso was red like raw meat, while the right half was blue-black, like the starless sky of the land of eternal night. The snake Jormundgad, the second daughter of Angrboda, had not yet grown up - it was no more than fifty steps in it - but deadly poison was already oozing from its mouth, and its cold light green eyes sparkled with merciless malice. Compared to both their sisters younger brother, the wolf cub Fenris, seemed completely harmless. Growing from an ordinary adult wolf, cheerful and affectionate, the gods liked him, who did not find anything dangerous in him. Odin, sitting on his throne, carefully looked at all three.
“Listen to me, Hel,” he said. “You are so great and strong that we decided to make you the ruler of an entire country. This country lies deep underground, and even under Svartalfheim. It is inhabited by the souls of the dead, those who are not worthy to live with us in Valhalla. Go there and never again appear on the surface of the earth.

“I agree,” Hel said, tilting her head.
“You, Jormundgad,” continued Odin, “you will live at the bottom of the world sea. There will be plenty of room and food for you.
‘I agree,’ hissed Jormundgad, curling up and gazing at the gods with hard, unblinking eyes.
“And you, Fenris,” Odin said, addressing the wolf cub, “you will live with us in Asgard, and we will raise you ourselves.”

Fenris did not answer: he was so small and stupid that he did not yet know how to speak.

On the same day Hel went to realm of the dead, where he still lives, commanding the souls of the dead and vigilantly making sure that none of them breaks free.

The snake Jormundgad sank to the bottom of the world sea. There she grew and grew, so that at last she encircled the whole earth with a ring and laid her head on her own tail. From that day on, she was no longer called Jormundgad, but the snake was called Mitgard, which means "World Serpent".

Fenris whole year lived in Asgard, but he grew bigger and bigger every hour, and soon he turned from a playful wolf cub into such a monster that none of the gods, except for the god of war Tyr, who fed him, dared to come close to him. Then the Ases decided to bind Fenris and worked for more than a month until they forged a chain that they thought could hold him. This chain was called Leding and was the thickest chain in the world. The gods brought her to the wolf cub and said:
“You have grown up, Fenris. It's time for you to test your strength. Try to break the chain that we have made, and then you will be worthy to live with us in Asgard.

Fenris examined Leding link by link and replied:
- Okay, put it on my neck. Satisfied Ases immediately fulfilled his desire and put a chain on him.
“Now step aside,” said the wolf cub. With these words, he raised himself, shook his head, and Leding shattered into pieces with a clang.
‘You see, I am worthy to live among you,’ said Fenris proudly, lying down again in his seat.
“Yes, yes, Fenris, you are worthy to live among us,” the frightened Ases answered, looking at each other and hurried away to start making the second chain.

This time they worked for three whole months, and the chain they forged, Drommy, was three times thicker than Leding.
“Well, Fenris can’t tear it apart,” they said to each other, cheerfully carrying Drommy the wolf cub.

However, when he got up to greet them, and they noticed that his back was already rising above the crest of the roof of Valhalla, the gaiety of the gods immediately passed.

Seeing Drommy, Fenris looked at her as carefully as Leding had before.
“Your new chain is much thicker than the old one,” he said, “but my strength has increased, and I will try them with pleasure. And he offered his neck to the gods. The Ases put a chain on her, and then the wolf cub shook itself, but the chain held. Then his eyes lit up, and he stretched himself with a growl. Dromi shattered in two, and Fenrir stood as if nothing had happened, piercing Skirnir with an evil look.

Horrified, the gods again gathered in council.
“We don’t need to make a third chain,” they said, “anyway, while we forge it, Fenris will grow even more and break it just like the first two.
- Well, then let's turn to the zwerg for help, - said Odin. “Maybe they can do what we couldn’t.

And, summoning the messenger of the Ases, Skirnir, he sent him to Svartalfaheim. Hearing the request of the father of the gods, the tsvergs argued among themselves for a long time, not knowing what metal to forge the chain from, but finally the oldest of them said:
“We will make it not from metal, but from the roots of mountains, the noise of cat steps, the beards of women, the saliva of birds, the voices of fish and the tendons of bears, and I think that even Fenris will not break such a chain.

And so it happened that two months later, Skirnir brought the chain of Gleipnir to the gods, made on the advice of the oldest of the dwarves. And cat steps have since become silent, women have no beards, mountains have no roots, birds have saliva, bears have tendons, and fish have voices.

When Ases first saw Gleipnir, they were very surprised. This chain was no thicker than a hand and soft as silk, but the more it was stretched, the stronger it became. Now it only remained to put it on Fenris, but the gods decided first to take him to the island of Lingwi, lying in the world's sea, where the wolf cub could not harm them or people.
"You must undergo the last and most important test, Fenris," they announced to the youngest of Loki's children. “If you endure it, your fame will spread far and wide throughout the world, but for this you must follow us where we take you.
“I am ready,” Fenris agreed.

However, when the Ases brought him to the island of Lingui and wanted to throw Gleipnir on him, the wolf cub angrily bared his teeth.
“This chain is so thin,” he declared, “that if it is not magical, it costs nothing to break it, and if it is magical, then I may not break it, despite all my strength. This means that I will either not get any glory, or I will become your prisoner.
'You are mistaken, Fenris,' objected Odin. - If you do not break our chain, then you are so weak that we have nothing to fear from you and we will immediately give you freedom, but if you break it, then you will not lose anything anyway.
“You say wise things,” the wolf cub grinned. - Well, I will allow you to subject yourself to this test, only let one of you, instead of collateral, put his mouth in my mouth right hand.

The gods looked at each other sadly. The capture of Fenrir would be a boon to everyone, but who would agree to sacrifice a hand for this? The aces retreated one by one. But not Tyr, the brave sword-bearer. He stepped towards Fenrir and held out left hand to his huge mouth.
“Not this hand, O Tyr, but the one in which you hold the sword,” Fenrir growled, and Tyr put his right hand into a terrible throat.

The gods threw the wolf cub Gleipnir around the neck, the other end of which had already been firmly attached to a huge rock in advance. Fenris shook his head, then pulled harder and harder, but the wondrous chain did not break.
“No,” the half-strangled wolf cub croaked at last, “I can’t tear it apart, free me!” Aces didn't move.
“Ah, so you have deceived me! Fenris growled furiously.

With one movement of his jaws, he bit off Tyr's hand and, gnashing his teeth, rushed at the other Ases. Heimdall stepped forward to meet him and thrust a sword with two blades into his mouth. The ends of these blades sank into the upper and lower jaws of the wolf cub, and he, unable to close them, howled in pain and anger. A powerful stream of foam poured from his tongue. From this foam formed a river called Vaughn - a river of rage that flowed until the onset of Ragnarok, the death of the gods.

While some of the gods were bandaging the wound of Tyr, others, led by Odin, took the rock to which Fenris was tied, and lowered it with him deep underground, where this terrible wolf lives to this day, continuing to grow and gain strength and, waiting the minute the norn's prophecy is fulfilled. So the Ases managed to get rid of the terrible children of the god of fire for a long time.